表2、3顯示運動過程最大耗氧量、無氧閾值及運動週期的時間參 數。結果顯示,有規律運動習慣者的最大耗氧量的時間點要比無規律運 動習慣者來的大(P = 0.0045);無氧閾值時相對最大耗氧量百分比差別並 不大(P = 0.207),但無氧閾值出現的時間點,有規律運動習慣者(67.1%
ED)要比無規律運動習慣者(34.2%ED)來的大(P = 0.005)。而規律運動習 慣者運動周期較長,有統計上的差異(P = 0.003)。
圖11、12 及圖 13、14 分別為有無規律運動習慣者間體脂肪及身體 質量指數(BMI)的比較。結果顯示,在 30 歲以下組方面,有規律運動習 慣者,BMI 指數平均值 24.5,略高於正常體重的標準(附錄表 1 );而無 規律運動習慣者,BMI 指數平均值 27.7,處於稍為體重過重的情形(附
錄表1),但有無規律運動二者間並無顯著差異(P = 0.51, P=0.17)。在體 脂肪的部分,30 歲以下組方面,有規律運動習慣者,體脂肪平均值 20.1%,處於正常的範圍(附錄表 2,3);而無規律運動習慣者,體脂肪平 均值21.8%,也處於正常範圍之內(附錄表 2,3),兩者也是無顯著差異(P
= 0.14);30 歲以上組別方面,有規律運動習慣者,體脂肪平均值 22.0%,
處於正常的範圍(附錄表 2,3),而無規律運動習慣者,體脂肪平均值 26.4%,非常靠近正常標準的上限(附錄表 2,3),而經過比較過後,呈現
顯著差異的情形(P= 0.027)。
圖15、16 為呼吸交換率趨勢圖。兩組呼吸交換率皆隨著運動強度 增加而上升。結果顯示呼吸交換率有規律運動習慣者在無氧閾前比在無 氧閾值後明顯較小(P<0.05),然而無規律運動習慣者在無氧閾值前後間 無明顯差異;而無規律運動習慣者在無氧閾值前,呼吸交換率明顯大於 有規律運動習慣者(P<0.05) (表 4,表 5)。
在身體能量消耗的來源方面,分別在不同組別觀察在無氧閾值(AT)
前後能量消耗的情形。不論年紀因素,無氧閾值前有無規律運動習慣者 比較發現,規律運動習慣者利用脂質當作主要能量來源(F = 132.6, P<
0.001);無氧閾值後有無規律運動習慣者比較發現,規律運動習慣者利 用葡萄糖當作主要能量來源(F=62.3, P<0.001 )。
在30 歲以上組方面,在 AT 之前,有規律運動習慣者,會使用較 多的脂質少量的葡萄糖(P = 0.002);無規律運動者則使用較多的葡萄糖 少量的脂質當作能量的來源(表 4 , 圖 17),但並無顯著差異。而在 AT
之後,有規律運動習慣者,則會使用較多的葡萄糖,當作能量的來源,
幾乎不會用到脂質(P<0.001 );無規律運動習慣者則會用到脂質以及葡 萄糖兩種能量來源(表 4 , 圖 18),但是葡萄糖使用占的比例還是多於脂 質,但在統計上並無顯著差異(P = 0.067)。在 30 歲以下組 AT 之前,有
規律運動習慣者使用較多的脂質少量的葡萄糖(p<0.001 );無規律運動 習慣者則使用較多的葡萄糖少量的脂質當作能量的來源,(表 5 , 圖 19)(P =0.001)。而在 AT 之後,有規律運動習慣者,幾乎完全使用葡萄 糖當作主要的能量來源(P<0.001);無規律運動習慣者則會用到脂質以 及葡萄糖兩種能量來源,但還是以葡萄糖較多(表 5 , 圖 20)(P =0.006)。
結果也顯示有規律運動習慣者在無氧閾值後(153.7±24.4 g/h)的總能 量消耗明顯大於無氧閾值前(36.3±15.6 g/h) (F = 44.86, P<0.001);無規
律運動習慣者無氧閾值前後的總能量消耗則沒有明顯差異;有規律運動 習慣者於無氧閾值後的總能量消耗(153.7±24.4 g/h)明顯大於無規律運動 習慣者(72.5±20.5) (F=32.56, P<0.001)。
由樣本迴歸的相關性統計過後,BMI 和葡萄糖的消耗並沒有顯著相 關性(r=0.193, p=0.306) (圖 21);而體脂肪和葡萄糖的消耗之間也沒有顯 著相關性(r=0.345, p =0.061) (圖 22)。
表 2. 30 歲以下組實驗測量參數 Exercise 59.9±13.2 11.62±1.34 8.58±0.99
(67.2% of ED)
12.80±1.44
Non-exercise 56.0±10.5 8.76±1.05* 3.39±1.09*
(34.2% of ED)
9.90±0.62*
Values are mean±SD. * exercise v.s non-exercise , P﹤0.05; AT, anaerobic threshold ; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; ED, exercise duration
表 3. 30 歲以上組實驗測量參數 Exercise 63.0±12.0 10.39±1.00 7.95±1.33
(68.4% of ED)
11.62±1.53
Non-exercise 53.6%±11.8 6.47±1.99* 3.26±1.53*
(40.4% of ED)
8.06±2.29*
Values are mean±SD. * exercise v.s non-exercise , P﹤0.05 ; AT, anaerobic threshold ; RER, respiratory exchange ratio ; ED, exercise duration
表 4. 30 歲以上組無氧閾值前後能量來源使用的情形
Before AT After AT
Exercise group Non-exercise group
Exercise group Non-exercise group
RER 0.74±0.09 0.93±0.10* 1.15±0.14† 1.14±0.12
Fat (g/h) 23.0±4.0 10.4±14.2 0.0±0.07† 11.4±2.6*
Glucose (g/h) 5.4±9.2 55.0±39.3 132.6±24.7† 52.2±28.2 Values are mean±SD. * exercise v.s non-exercise after AT, P﹤0.05 ; † befor AT v.s after AT, P﹤0.05; RER: respiratory exchange ratio.
表 5. 30 歲以下組無氧閾值前後能量來源使用的情形
Before AT After AT
Exercise group Non-exercise group
Exercise group Non-exercise group
RER 0.72±0.12 0.84±0.07* 1.04±0.13† 1.03±0.17†
Fat (g/h) 30.5±4.0 16.8±11.3 3.7±7.2† 22.6±12.6*
Glucose (g/h) 5.8±8.0 47.2±29.6 150.0±53.0† 49.9±41.9*
Values are mean±SD. * exercise v.s non-exercise after AT, P﹤0.05 ; † befor AT v.s after AT, P﹤0.05; RER: respiratory exchange ratio.
Under 30 years old
Under 30 years old
19
Exe, exercise group ; Non, non-exercise group
The average of BMI in exercise group 23.4, normal weight ; The average of BMI in non-exercise group 24.1, overweight.
Over 30 years old
Over 30 years old
19
Exe, exercise group ; Non, non-exercise group
The average of BMI in exercise group 24.5, overweight ; The average of BMI in non-exercise group 27.7, obesity.
Under 30 years old
Under 30 years old
0
Exe, exercise group ; Non, non-exercise group
The average of body fat% in exercise group 20.1%, normal range ; The average of body fat% in non-exercise group 21.8%, normal range, a little bit higher than exercise group.
圖 14. 30 歲以上組體脂肪量化圖
Over 30 years old
0
Exe, exercise group ; Non, non-exercise group; * exercise v.s non-exercise , P﹤0.05 The average of body fat% in exercise group 22.0%, normal range ; The average of body fat% in non-exercise group 26.3%, normal range, but very close to the normal
limitation .There is a significant difference.
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 Exe
Non
% Cycle
RER
Under 30 years
圖 15. 30 歲以下組呼吸交換率趨勢圖 Exe, 運動習慣組;Non, 無運動習慣組
兩組呼吸交換率皆隨著運動強度增加而上升,無運動習慣組增加的趨勢較為明顯。
Exe, exercise group ; Non, non-exercise group
The respiratory exchange ratio were increased by exercise intensity in both groups, but the change of non-exercise group more significant than exercise group.
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Exe
Non
RER
Over 30 years
% Cycle
圖 16. 30 歲以上組氣體交換率趨勢圖 Exe, 運動習慣組;Non, 無運動習慣組
兩組呼吸交換率皆隨著運動強度增加而上升,無運動習慣組增加的趨勢較為明顯。
30 歲以上組的運動周期時間較 30 歲以下組短。
Exe, exercise group ; Non, non-exercise group
The respiratory exchange ratio were increased by exercise intensity in both groups, but the change of non-exercise group more significant than exercise group.
The exercise duration of over 30 yr group was shorter than under 30yr group.
Over 30 yr before AT
Total 28.4g/h Total 65.4g/h
80.7%
Exe, exercise group; Non, non-exercise group; it recorded energy source at 30sc before AT to evaluate energy consumption.
Before anaerobic threshold, exercise group used more fat as an energy source;
non-exercise group used more glucose as an energy source, and used a few fat as an energy source.
Over 30 yr after AT
Total 132.6g/h Total 63.6g/h
0%
Exe, exercise group; Non, non-exercise group; it recorded energy source when subjests reached VO2peak to evaluate energy consumption.
After anaerobic threshold, exercise group used more glucose as an energy source;
non-exercise group used more glucose but still used a few fat as an energy source.
Under 30 yr before AT
Total 36.3g/h Total 64.0g/h
Fat
Exe, exercise group; Non, non-exercise group; it recorded energy source at 30sc before AT to evaluate energy consumption.
Before anaerobic threshold, exercise group used more fat as an energy source, and used less glucose; non-exercise group used more fat as an energy source also, but used glucose more than exercise group.
Under 30 yr after AT
Total 153.7g/h Total 72.5g/h
0.2%
Exe, exercise group ; Non, non-exercise group; it recorded energy source when subjests reached VO2peak to evaluate energy consumption.
After anaerobic threshold, exercise group used more glucose as an energy source;
non-exercise group used more glucose but still used a few fat as an energy source.
2
BMI & Glucose樣本迴歸線圖
0 50 100 150 200 250
10 15 20 25 30 35
BMI kg/m
Gl uco se g /h
2
圖 21. BMI 和葡萄糖消耗相關性比較圖 r = 0.193 ; P = 0.306 經由相關性比較後,發現身體質量指數和葡萄糖的消耗並無顯著相關性。
There is no significant relationship between BMI and glucose consumption.
Body fat & Glucose 樣本迴歸線圖
0 50 100 150 200 250
10 15 20 25 30
Body fat %
G lu c os e g/ h
圖 22. 體脂肪和葡萄糖消耗相關性比較圖 r = 0.345 ; P = 0.061 經由相關性比較後,發現體脂肪百分比和葡萄糖的消耗並無顯著相關性。
There is no significant relationship between body fat% and glucose consumption.