第五章、 討論
第二節、 建議
由於本實驗有針對身體質量指數及體脂肪和能量來源的使用作比 較，但是在身體質量指數方面已經慢慢有研究開始使用量測腰圍的大小 來幫助判斷身體肥胖的標準，因此在後續的研究可以增加腰圍這個部位 的測量。而在體脂方部分由於實驗場所及為了讓受試者在實驗過程的方 便，所以採用最容易操作的生物電阻方法來進行體脂測量，這對於體脂
面，如果各方面條件許可的話，建議使用水中秤重法(hydrostatic
weighing)，同時配合由美國 ACSM 所建議的量測時間來進行測量(Heath et al., 1998; Shinichi et al., 2008)。因此在這兩方面如果能夠更加仔細的測 量到更正確的數值，就能幫助提升實驗的縝密性及準確度，在結果的分 析方面也就可以有更科學的根據。
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附錄
附錄 A
體能活動準備度問卷
是 否
1、 是否有醫師告訴你有心臟方面的問題，若要從事運動要 在醫師的建議下才被允許。
2、 是否在運動的過程中感覺到胸痛。
3、 在過去的幾個月內是否在無從試運動的情形下有感覺到胸痛
的情形。
4、 是否有過因為暈眩而失去平衡或者失去意識的情形。
5、 是否在身體的關節或骨頭有不適，而且在從事運動過後會變得
更嚴重的情形。
6、 是否有服用一些控制血壓或心臟病的藥物。
7、 是否知道自己本身有其他任何原因而不該從事運動。
姓名
簽名 日期
見證人
附錄 B
表 1. 身體質量指數常模表
BMI 身體質量指數和體重的關係？(適用 18 歲以上)
BMI 體重
<18.5 體重過輕
18.5~23.9 正常體重
24.0~26.9 體重過重
>=27.0 肥胖
註：上述標準適用於18 歲以上
教育部 健康醫學學習網
表 2 男性體脂肪常模表
MEN
Age Excellent Good Moderate Overweight Significant-overweight
≤19 12.0 12.1-17.0 17.1-22.0 22.1-27.0 ≥27.1 20-29 13.0 13.1-18.0 18.1-23.0 23.1-28.0 ≥28.1 30-39 14.0 14.1-19.0 19.1-24.0 24.1-29.0 ≥29.1 40-49 15.0 15.1-20.0 20.1-25.0 25.1-30.0 ≥30.1
≥50 16.0 16.1-21.0 21.1-26.0 26.1-31.0 ≥31.1 Moderate, health fitness standard ; Excellent , Good, High physical fitness standard
表 3. 女性體脂肪常模表
WOMEN
Age Excellent Good Moderate Overweight Significant-overweight
≤19 17.0 17.1-22.0 22.1-27.0 27.1-32.0 ≥32.1 20-29 18.0 18.1-23.0 23.1-28.0 28.1-33.0 ≥33.1 30-39 19.0 19.1-24.0 24.1-29.0 29.1-34.0 ≥34.1 40-49 20.0 20.1-25.0 25.1-30.0 30.1-35.0 ≥35.1
≥50 21.0 21.1-26.0 26.1-31.0 31.1-36.0 ≥36.1 Moderate, health fitness standard ; Excellent , Good, High physical fitness standard
表 4 . Bruce protocol
附錄 C
第十四屆人因工程年會暨學術研討會論文發表
運動習慣對運動能量消耗的影響
Effects of regular exercise to energy consumption
謝榮恩1, 張文正2, 王慧如2, 洪維憲2
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of regular exercise to energy consumption during exercise. Twenty subjects were recruited in this study, and ten subjects with regular exercise were as the exercise group and ten subjects with sedentary lifestyle were as the non-exercise group. They run on a treadmill at a Bruce protocol until they became exhausted. We measured parameters including respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during exercise, and energy source before and after anaerobic threshold (AT). A t-test was used to examine the effects of RER during exercise, and the magnitude of energy source below and above AT. A level of statistical significance was p <0.05. The results showed RER increased by exercise intensity, and the increasing rate of RER was larger in non-exercise group. Glucose was the major source of energy consumption to exercise group, and glucose and fat were the major sources to non-exercise group after AT. Conclusion, the regular exercise will promote the capacity of clearance lactic acid.
Keywords: energy consumption, respiratory exchange ratio, regular exercise
1.前言
以葡萄糖為能量來源時的呼吸商(respiratory of quotient，簡稱 RQ，體內局部組織的二氧化碳產
respiratory exchange ratio，簡稱 RER，肺部氣體 交換時的二氧化碳增加量除以氧氣消耗量)的測 量(Mole and Hoffamann, 1999)，一般來說，人體 安靜休息時的RER 約 0.82、在極低強度(散步、
慢跑、輕鬆騎車)運動時的 RER 反而下降(約 0.75 至0.80 之間)、接近最大運動時的 RER 約等於 1。
再加上蛋白質僅在激烈運動時，才有少量參與提 供能量的現象(Tarnopolsky et al., 1986; Lemon et al., 1992)；因此我們將依據肺部的氣體交換，評 成不同的能量消耗(Wilmore and Costill, 1999;
Dawson et al., 1996)。人體在低強度運動狀態下，
脂肪(fat)參與提供能量的比例較高(Brooks, 1997)，隨著運動強度的增加，RER 也隨著上昇，
葡萄糖參與提供能量的比例也增加；在最大運動 狀態下，則幾乎皆以葡萄糖(glucose)提供能量 (Romijn et al., 1993; Van Loon et al., 2001)，而如
何對對能量來源有效率的使用的，也就是提升身 體適能(Karmisholt and Gotzsche, 2005; Fagard, 2006)。然而運動習慣如何對我們能量消耗造成影 位為有規律運動組(exercise group)及 10 位為無運 動習慣組(non-exercise group)，為確保實驗數據之 分析儀，其包含MaxBelt 運動背心、DVT volume transducer、sample line、polar、面罩及頭套(圖 1) 及一台運動跑步機。研究過程中需在每次使用 META MAX 3B 進行呼吸測試時進行大氣校正。
圖1.可攜式氣體分析儀及其配備
2.3 實驗步驟 作負荷(workload)行走在跑步機上，之後每 3 分 鐘增加20-30 watt 的負荷，直到受試者力竭為 顯要比non-exercise 組(4.6 mins)來的晚。
能量運用情形:在 AT 值出現前兩組的能量消耗使
能量運用情形:在 AT 值出現前兩組的能量消耗使