微藻生質柴油未來發展的建議

生產的經濟性是利用微藻生產生質柴油所要面對的最大問題。當然，

吾人不能僅僅從經濟效益方面來考慮生產，另外，環境效益和社會效益也 是極其重要的。儘管藻類生質柴油的研究已有很大進展，但要成為可行的 替代能源，仍存有的主要問題待解決，包括：(1)生產過程中藻液的機械攪 拌、離心採收和乾燥等能耗很高，能量的投入、產出不夠經濟；(2)以生產 能源為目的微藻養殖規模巨大，大量的廢培養液如果處理不當，會造成嚴 重的環境污染；(3)生產成本高，不能與石化原油競爭等。而經由本論文的 經濟評估與敏感度分析的結果，依此提出未來能源藻類發展的建議如下：

1. 提生藻類光合作用效率及其油脂含量：需要解決微藻最佳的培養條 件和最低的成本、消耗，即選擇合適的光照方式，提高光能利用率；

應用基因及代謝工程技術促進藻類油脂含量與藻體產量，此技術之 突破將對於油脂生產成本有重大的影響，這些包括：

(1) 增加光合效率以增加藻體生長量。

(2) 增進藻類生長速率。

(3) 增加藻體內油脂含量。

(4) 改善藻類熱忍受性以減少冷卻之投入成本。

(5) 消除光飽和現象(Light saturation phenomenon)，以使藻類能於光 強度增加的情況持續提高生長速率。

(6) 降低常發生於溫帶及熱帶地區中午時因強烈光強度造成藻類生 長速率減緩的光抑制(Photo-inhibition)效應。

(7) 降低對藻細胞造成損害之光氧化(Photo-oxidation)敏感性。

2. 開發合適及便宜的培養系統，達到最大的培養密度：如提高反應器 內質傳效率和混合效果，避免或降低光抑制現象對微藻的損害；利 用過程工程手段解決微藻高密度培養的瓶頸問題；開發便宜的反應 器替代材質，降低反應器建造成本。

3. 研發不需乾燥即可萃取藻油的技術：藻類在水中生長，進行生質柴 油轉化前需將其從水中分離出來，並將油脂萃取，需要特定採收、

乾燥及萃取的設備，能耗也很大，進一步增加了投資。

4. 藻體高單價物質開發及綜合利用：藻類生長繁殖要求條件高，前期 投資比較大，需開發利用微藻體內各項有價物質及用途，提升經濟 競爭力。

5. 微藻固定二氧化碳機理探索：重點是瞭解無機碳的利用形式、二氧 化碳濃縮機理以及高濃度二氧化碳對微藻生長的影響，高效固定二 氧化碳的藻種篩選和培養，未來可與廢CO2來源結合，降低成本。

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