1. Appelbaum PS, Griso T: Assessing patients' capacities to consent to treatment. N Engl J Med 1988; 319:1635-8.
2. Appelbaum PS, Roth LH: Clinical issues in the assessment of competency. Am J Psychiatry 1980; 138:1462-7.
3. Baumann AO, Deber RB, Silverman BE, Mallette CM. Who cares? who cures? the ongoing debate in the provision of health care. J Adv Nurs. 1998;28:1040-1045.
4. Beckman HB, Frankel RM, Kihm J, Kulesza G, Geheb OR. Measurement and improvement of humanistic skills in first year trainees. J Gen Intern Med. 1990;5:42-45.
5. Bellet PS, Maloney MJ. The importance of empathy as an interviewing skill in medicine. JAMA.
1991;266:1831-1832.
6. Bolognini S. Empathy and "empathism." Int J Psychoanal. 1997;78:279-293.
7. Bottrell MM, Alpert H, Fischbach RL, Emanuel LL: Hospital informed consent for procedure form. Arch Surg 2000;135:26-33.
8. Branch WT, Malik TK. Using "windows of opportunity" in brief interviews to understand patients' concerns. JAMA. 1993;269:1667-1668.
9. Bryne PS, Long BE. Doctors Talking to Patients. London, England: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; 1976.
10. Burns BJ, Scott JE, Burke JD Jr. Kessler LG. Mental health training of primary care residents: a review of recent literature (1974-1981). Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1983;5:157-69.
11. Bursztajn H, Brodsky A: A new resource for managing malpractice risks in managed care. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:2057-63.
12. Busch, Katie. The impaired physician: Hospital/medical staff liability and due process of law.
Psychiatric Medicine 1984;2: 263-271.
13. Charles SC, Wilbert JR, Franke KJ: Sued and nonsued physicians' self-reported reactions to malpractice litigation. Am J Psychiatry 1985;142:437-440.
14. Depression Guideline Panel. Detection and Diagnosis. Rockville, Md: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 1993. Depression in Primary Care; vol 1. Clinical Practice Guidelines No. 5.
15. DiMatteo MR, Hays RD, Prince LM. Relationship of physicians' nonverbal communication skill to patient satisfaction, appointment compliance, and physician workload. Health Psychol.
1986;5:581-594.
16. DiMatteo MR, Hays RD. The significance of patients' perceptions of physician conduct. J Community Health. 1980;6:18-34.
17. Emanuel EJ, Dubler NN. Preserving the physician-patient relationship in an era of managed care. JAMA. 1995;273:323-340.
18. Engel GL. From biomedical to biopsychosocial. Being scientific in the human domain.
Psychosomatics 1997;38:521-8.
19. Engel GL. The clinical application of the biopsychosocial model. Am J Psychiatry 1980 ; 137 : 535 –44 .
20. Engel GL. The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science.
1977;196:129-136.
21. Farber NJ, Novack DH, O'Brien MK. Love, boundaries, and the patient-physician relationship.
Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:2291-2294.
22. Friedman HS. Nonverbal communication in medical interaction. In: Friedman HS, DiMatteo MR, eds. Interpersonal Issues in Health Care. New York, NY: Academic Press Inc; 1982:51-66.
23. Gianakos D. Empathy revisited. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:135-136.
24. Gold MR, Hurley R, Lake T, Ensor T, Berenson R. A national survey of the arrangements managed care plans make with physicians. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1678-1683.
25. Gordon G, Baker L, Levinson W. Physician-patient communication in managed care. West J Med. 1995;163:527-531.
26. Greenfield S, Kaplan SG, Ware JE. Assessing the effects of physician-patient interaction on the outcomes of chronic disease. Med Care. 1989;27:S110-S127.
27. Greenfield S, Kaplan SH, Ware JE, Yano EM, Frank HJ. Patients' participation in medical care:
effects on blood sugar control and quality of life in diabetes. J Gen Intern Med. 1988;3:448-457.
28. Gutheil TG, Bursztajn H, Brodsky A: Malpractice prevention through the sharing of uncertainty:
Informed consent and the therapeutic alliance. N Engl J Med 1984;311:49-51.
29. Havens H. Explorations in the uses of language in psychotherapy: simple empathic statements.
Psychiatry. 1978;41:336-345.
30. Hickson GB, Clayton EC, Githens PB, Sloan FA. Factors that prompted families to file malpractice claims following perinatal injury. JAMA. 1992;267:1359-1363.
31. Jackson LD, Duffy BK: Health Communication Research. Greenwood Publishing Group,1998.
James CM: American Medical Malpractice Litigation in Historical Perspective. JAMA 2000;283:1731-7.
32. Kaplan SG, Greenfield SH, Ware JE. Expanding patient involvement in care: effects on patient outcomes. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:520-528.
33. Kelly D. Caring and cancer nursing: framing the reality using selected social science theory. J Adv Nurs. 1998;28:728-736.
34. Klein LE: Compliance and blood pressure control. Hypertension 1988;11: 61-4.
35. LaMonica E, Carew D, Winder A, Haase A, Blanchard K. Empathy training as the major thrust of a staff development program. Nurs Res. 1976;25:447-451.
36. Levinson W, Gorawara-Bhat R, Dueck R, et al. Resolving disagreements in the patient-physician relationship: tools for improving communication in managed care. JAMA.
1999;282:1477-1483.
37. Levinson W, Roter DL, Mullooly JP, Dull VT, Frankel RM. Physician-patient communication:
the relationship with malpractice claims among primary care physicians and surgeons. JAMA.
1997;277:553-559.
38. Levinson W, Roter DL, Mullooly JP, et al: Physician-patient communication: The relationship with malpractice claims among primary care physicians and surgeons. JAMA 1997;277:553-9.
39. Lipowski ZJ: Concultation-liason psychiatry: the first half century. Gen Hos Psychiatry 1986;6:305-15.
40. Marvel MK. Involvement with the psychosocial concerns of patients: observation of practicing family physicians on a university faculty. Arch Fam Med. 1993;2:629-633.
41. Matthews DA, Suchman AL, Branch WT. Making "connexions": enhancing the therapeutic potential of patient-clinician relationships. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118:973-977.
42. Merkel WT, Margolis RB, Smith RC. Teaching humanistic and psychosocial aspects of care:
current practices and attitudes. J Gen Intern Med. 1990;5:34-41.
43. Merkel WT, Margolis RB, Smith RC: Teaching humanistic and psychosocial aspects of care:
current practices and attitudes. J Gen Intern Med 1990;5:34-41.
44. Mullan PB, Stross JK. Sensitivity to patients' psychosocial concerns: relationships among ratings by primary care and traditional internal medicine house officers and patient self-assessments. Soc Sci Med. 1990;31:1337-1345.
45. Parsons T: Illness and the role of the physician: A sociological perspective. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1951 ; 21: 452-60.
46. Penchansky R, Macnee C: Initiation of medical malpractice suits: A conceptualization and test.
Med Care 1994;32:813-831.
47. Penchansky R, Macnee C: Initiation of medical malpractice suits: A conceptualization and test.
Med Care 1994;32: 813-831.
48. Platt FW, Keller VF. Empathic communication: a teachable and learnable skill. J Gen Intern Med. 1994;9:222-226.
49. Putnam SM, Lipkin M Jr. The patient-centered interview: research support. In: Lipkin M Jr, Putnam SM, Lazare A, eds. The Medical Interview: Clinical Care, Education, and Research.
New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1995:530-537.
50. Roter DL, Hall JA, Kern DE, Barker LR, Cole KA, Roca RP. Improving physicians' interviewing skills and reducing emotional distress: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Intern Med.
1995;155:1877-1884.
51. Simmons RG, Klein SD, Simmons RL. Gift of life: the social and psychological impact of organ transplantation. New York: Wiley-Interscience 1977.
52. Sommers, PA: Malpractice risk and patient relations. J Family Pract 1985;20:299-301.
53. Sourial S. An analysis of caring. J Adv Nurs. 1997;26:1189-1192.
54. Spiro H. What is empathy and can it be taught? Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:843-846.
55. Stewart MA. Effective physician-patient communication and health outcomes: a review. CMAJ.
1995;152:1423-1432.
56. Stewart MA. What is a successful doctor-patient interview? a study of interaction and outcomes.
Soc Sci Med. 1984;19:167-175.
57. Stewart MA. What is a successful doctor-patient interview? a study of interaction and outcomes.
Soc Sci Med. 1984;19:167-175.
58. Suchman AL, Markakis K, Beckman HB, Frankel R. A model of empathic communication in the medical interview. JAMA. 1997;277:678-682.
59. Suchman AL, Matthews DA. What makes the patient-doctor relationship therapeutic? exploring the connexional dimension of medical care. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:125-130.
60. SwitzerGE,Dew MA,Butterworth VA,etal.Understanding donors’motivations:A study of unrelated bone marrow donors. Soc Sci Med 1997; 45: 137–147.
61. Wasserman RC, Inui TS, Barriatua RD, Carter WB, Lippincott P. Pediatric clinicians' support for parents makes a difference: an outcome based analysis of clinician-parent interaction.
Pediatrics. 1984;74:1047-1053.
62. Weisman CS, Morlock LL, Teitelbaum MA, et al: Practice changes in response to the malpractice litigation climate: Results of a Maryland physician survey. Med Care 1989;27:16-24.
63. Wiseman T. A concept analysis of empathy. J Adv Nurs. 1996;23:1162-1167.
64. Wooley FR, Kane RL, Hughes CC, Wright DD. The effects of doctor-patient communication on satisfaction and outcome of care. Soc Sci Med. 1978;12:123-128.
65. Zinn W. The empathic physician. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:306-312.
66. 李明濱：病人自主與知情同意。醫學教育 1997；1：3-14。
67. 李明濱、謝博生：醫學生之醫療態度教育。醫學教育 1999；3：1-2。
68. 廖士程、李明濱、李宇宙：醫療糾紛之危險因子及其處理。臺北市醫師公會會刊 1999; 43:
38-45。
69. 廖士程、李明濱、李宇宙：醫療爭議之社會心理面向。醫學教育 1999；3：267-78。
70. 廖士程、李明濱、李宇宙、謝博生、林信男、陳映燁、曾美智：身體疾病住院病患之醫病 溝通分析。醫學教育 2000；4：38-48。
71. 廖士程、李宇宙、李明濱、楊培銘、李源德：醫學中心住院醫師之醫病溝通訓練成效。醫 學教育 2000；4：290-302。
72. 廖士程、李明濱、吳佳璇、謝明憲、謝博生：台灣與北美醫學教育研究之比較。醫學教育 2002；6：340-7。
73. 廖士程、李明濱、王美華、周玲玲、李源德、謝博生：綜合醫院醫療爭議案件之心理社會 面向分析。醫學教育 2003；7：434-40。