• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 結論與未來展望

5.3 未來展望

實驗結果證實電晶體沉積具有應力之 CESL 層結合矽鍺通道結構確實能 提升元件之效能,而本論文所提及之模擬方法與預測結果亦能與實驗結果相 符合。然而,通常電晶體元件製程使用之結構佈局圖,因考慮到批次生產之 特性,故將元件設計為多閘極之結構,而本研究於模擬分析時則只考慮單一 元件之設計,此種三維結構仍無法完整真實呈現實際元件製程之幾何結構。

因此,三維模型應更一步地考慮主要元件周圍建構虛擬電晶體元件結構,用 以討論相鄰之元件對於該元件通道應力的影響,致使獲得更精確的通道內應 力分佈,進而與真實電晶體特性相互匹配。

89

參考文獻

[1] H. Iwai, “CMOS Technology-Year 2010 and Beyond”, Solid-State Circuits, IEEE, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp.357-366, 1999.

[2] 工研院產業經濟與趨勢研究中心及資策會資訊市場情報中心,2015年台 灣重要產業技術發展藍圖I,工研院IEK,2008。

[3] G. E. Moore, “Cramming More Components Onto Integrated Circuits”

Electronics, Vol. 38, No.8, pp. 114-117, 1965.

[4] 劉傳璽,陳進來,第三版,半導體物理元件與製程-理論與實務,五南文 化出版社,2006。

[5] C. Mahata, M. K. Bera, P. K. Bose, and C. K. maiti, “Charge Trapping Characteristics in High-K Gate Dielectrics on Germanium”, Thin Solid Films 517, Vol. 571, No. 1, pp. 163-166, 2008.

[6] 鄭晃忠,劉傳璽,新世代積體電路製程技術,東華書局,2011。

[7] M. Ono, M. Saito, T. Yoshitomi, C. Fiegna, T. Ohguro, and H. Iwai, “A 40 nm Gate Length n-MOSFET”, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol.

42, No.10, pp. 1822-1830, 1995.

[8] S. D. Suk, S.-Y. Lee, S.-M. Kim, E.-J. Yoon, M.-S. Kim, M. Li, C. W. Oh, K.

H. Yeo, S. H. Kim, D.-S. Shin, K.-H. Lee, H. S. Park, J. N. Han, C.J.Park, J.-B. Park, D.-W. Kim, D. Park and B.-I. Ryu, “High Performance 5nm radius Twin Silicon Nanowire MOSFET (TSNWFET) : Fabrication on Bulk Si Wafer, Characteristics, and Reliability”, Electron Devices Meeting, 2005.

IEDM Technical Digest. IEEE International, pp. 717-720, 2005.

[9] K. Rim, J. Welser, J.L. Hoyt, and J.F. Gibbons, “Enhanced Hole Mobilities in Surface-channel Strained-Si p-MOSFETs”, Electron Devices Meeting, 1995. IEDM '95. International, pp.517-520, 1995.

90

[10] Viktor Sverdlov, “Strain-Induced Effects in Advanced MOSFETs”, Springer Verlag, 2010.

[11] O. Weber, T. Irisawa, T. Numata, M. Harada, N. Taoka, Y. Yamashita, T.

Yamamoto, N. Sugiyama, M. Takenaka and S. Takagi, “Examination of Additive Mobility Enhancements for Uniaxial Stress Combined with Biaxially Strained Si, Biaxially Strained SiGe and Ge Channel MOSFETs”, Electron Devices Meeting, 2007. IEDM 2007. IEEE International, pp.

719-722, 2007.

[12] S. Pidin, T. Mori, K. Inoue, S. Fukuta, N. Itoh, E. Mutoh, K. Ohkoshi, R.

Nakamura, K. Kobayashi, K. Kawamura, T. Saiki, S. Fukuyama, S. Satoh, M.

Kase and K. Hashimoto, “A Novel Strain Enhanced CMOS Architecture Using Selectively Deposited High Tensile And High Compressive Silicon Nitride Films”, Electron Devices Meeting, 2004. IEDM Technical Digest.

IEEE International, pp. 213–216, 2004.

[13] G. Eneman, E. Simoen, P. Verheyen and K. D. Meyer, “Gate Influence on the Layout Sensitivity of Si1xGex S/D and Si1yCy S/D Transistors Including an Analytical Model”, IEEE Transactions on Electron Device, Vol. 55,No.

10, pp. 2703–2711, 2008.

[14] J. S. Lim, S. E. Thompson, and J. G. Fossum, “Comparison of Threshold Voltage Shifts for Uniaxial and Biaxial Tensile-Stressed n-MOSFETs”, IEEE Electron Device Letters, Vol. 25, No. 11, pp. 731–733, 2004.

[15] H.-M. Chen, J.-R. Hwang, Y. Li and F.-L. Yang, “Novel Strained CMOS Devices with STI Stress Buffer Layers”, VLSI Technology, Systems and Applications, 2007. VLSI-TSA 2007. International Symposium on, pp. 1-2, 2007.

91

[16] C. C. Lu, J. J. Huang, W. C. Luo, T. H. Hou, and T. F. Lei, “Strained Silicon Technology: Mobility Enhancement and Improved Short Channel Effect Performance by Stress Memorization Technique on nFET Devices”, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 157, No. 5, pp. H497-H500, 2010.

[17] S. Takagi, J. L. Hoyt, J. J. Welser and J. F. Gibbons, “Comparative Study of Phonon-Limited Mobility of Two-Dimensional Electrons in Strained and Unstrained Si Metal-Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors”, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 80, No. 3, pp. 1567-1577, 1996.

[18] K. Rim, R. Anderson, D. Boyd, F. Cardone, K. Chan, H. Chen, S.

Christansen, J. Chu, K. Jenkins, T. Kanarsky, S. Koester, B. H. Lee, K. Lee, V. Mazzeo, A. Mocuta, D. Mocuta, P. M. Mooney, P. Oldiges, J. Ott, P.

Ronsheim, R. Roy, A. Steegen, M. Yang, H. Zhu, M. Ieong and H.-S. P.

Wong, “Strained Si CMOS (SS CMOS) Technology: Opportunities and Challenges”, Solid-State Electron, Vol. 47, No. 7, pp. 1133-1139, 2003.

[19] K. N. Chiang, C. H. Chang and C. T. Peng, “Local-strain Effects in Si/SiGe/Si Islands on Oxide”, Applied Physics Letters 87, Vol. 87, No. 19, pp. 191901-191901-3, 2005.

[20] S. Takagi, T. Mizuno, T. Tezuka, N. Sugiyama, T. Numata, K. Usuda, Y.

Moriyama, S. Nakaharaifs, J. Koga, A. Tanabe, N. Hirashita and T. Maeda,

“Channel Structure Design, Fabrication and Carrier Transport Properties of Strained-Si/SiGe-on-Insulator (strained-SOI) MOSFETs”, Electron Devices Meeting, 2003. IEDM '03 Technical Digest. IEEE International, pp.3.3.1-3.3.4, 2003.

[21] T. Tezuka, N. Sugiyama, and S. Takagi, “Fabrication of Strained Si on an Ultrathin SiGe-on-Insulator Virtual Substrate with a High-Ge Fraction”,

92

Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 79, No. 12, pp. 1798-1800, 2001.

[22] M. T. Currie, T. A. Langdo , G. Taraschi , E. A. Fitzgerald and D. A.

Antoniadis, “Carrier Mobilities and Process Stability of Strained Si n- and p-MOSFETs on SiGe Virtual Substrates”, Journal of Vacuum Science &

Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 2268-2279, 2001.

[23] H.-M. Chen, J.-R. Hwang, Y. Li and F. L. Yang, “Novel Strained CMOS Devices with STI Stress Buffer Layers”, VLSI Technology, Systems and Applications, 2007. VLSI-TSA 2007. International Symposium on, pp. 1-2, 2007.

[24] S.E. Thompson, M. Armstrong, C. Auth, M. Alavi, M. Buehler, R. Chau, S.

Cea, T. Ghani, G. Glass, T. Hoffman, C.-H. Jan, C. Kenyon, J. Klaus, K.

Kuhn, Z. Ma, B. Mcintyre, K. Mistry, A. Murthy, B. Obradovic, R. Nagisetty, P. Nguyen, S. Sivakumar, R. Shaheed, L. Shifren, B. Tufts, S. Tyagi, M.

Bohr and Y. El-Mansy, “A 90-nm Logic Technology Featuring Strained-Silicon”, IEEE Transactions on Electron Device, Vol. 51, No. 11, pp. 1790-1797, 2004.

[25] C.-W. Liu S. Maikop and C.-Y. Yu, “Mobility-Enhancement Technologies”, Circuits and Devices Magazine, IEEE, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 21-36, 2005.

[26] M.-C. Wang, H.-C. Yang, W.-S. Liao, H.-Y. Yang, Y.-Y. Hoe, K.-H. Lin and S.-Y. Chen, “CESL Deposition Promoting nip MOSFETs under 45-nm-node Process Fabrication”, Next-Generation Electronics (ISNE), 2010 International Symposium on, pp. 17-20, 2010.

[27] S. Orain, V. Fiori, D. Villanueva, A. Dray and C. Ortolland, “Method for Managing the Stress Due to the Strained Nitride Capping Layer in MOS

93

Transistors”, IEEE Transactions on Electron Device, Vol. 54, No. 4, pp.

814-821, 2005.

[28] R. C. Hibbeler, “Mechanics of Materials”, Prentice Hall, 2005.

[29] K.Goto, SSatoh, H.Ohta, S.Fukuta, T.Yamamoto, T.Mori, Y.Tagawa, T.Sakuma, TSaiki, Y.Shimamune, A.Katakami, A.Hatada, H.Morioka, Y.Hayami, Shagaki, K.Kawamura, Y.Kim, H.Kokura, N.Tamura, N.Horiguchi, M.Kojima, T.Sugii and K.Hashimoto, “Technology Booster using Strain-Enhancing Laminated SiN (SELS) for 65nm node HP MPUs”, Electron Devices Meeting, 2004. IEDM Technical Digest. IEEE International, pp. 209- 212, 2004.

[30] K.-J. Chui, K.-W. Ang, N. Balasubramanian, M.-F. Li, G. S. Samudra and Y.-C. Yeo, “n-MOSFET With Silicon–Carbon Source/Drain for Enhancement of Carrier Transport”, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp.249-256, 2007.

[31] W.-S. Liao, Y.-G. Liaw, M.-C. Tang, K.-M. Chen, S.-Y. Huang, C.-Y. Peng, C.-W. Liu, “PMOS Hole Mobility Enhancement Through SiGe Conductive Channel and Highly Compressive ILD-SiNx Stressing Layer”, Electron Device Letters, IEEE, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 86 – 88, 2008.

[32] Y.-C. Yeo, Q. Lu; T.-J. King, C. Hu, T. Kawashima, M. Oishi, S. Mashiro and J. Sakai, “Enhanced Performance in Sub-100 nm CMOSFETs using Strained Epitaxial Silicon-Germanium”, Electron Devices Meeting, 2000.

IEDM '00. Technical Digest. International, pp. 753 – 756, 2000.

[33] S. Ito, H. Namba, T. Hirata, K. Ando, S. Koyama, N. Ikezawa, T. Suzuki, T.

Saitoh and T. Horiuchi, “Effect of Mechanical Stress Induced by Etch-stop Nitride: Impact on Deep-submicron Transistor Performance”,

94

Microelectronics Reliability,Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 201-209, 2002.

[34] G. Eneman, P. Verheyen, A. D. Keersgieter, M. Jurczak and K. D. Meyer,

“Scalability of Stress Induced by Contact-Etch-Stop Layers: A Simulation Study”, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp.

1446-1453, 2007.

[35] Saeed Moaveni, “Finite Element Analysis: Theory and Application with Ansys-3rd Edition”,Prentice Hall, 2007.

[36] 劉晉奇,褚晴暉,有限元素分析與ANSYS的工程應用,滄海書局,2006。

[37] 康淵,陳信吉, ANSYS入門,全華圖書,2007。

相關文件