• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 結論與未來研究方向

5.2 未來研究方向

1. 本研究對於 D6AC 鋼之製程規劃與實驗模式,奠立未來研發國防及航太工業材

料與各種超高強度鋼之實務應用基礎,藉由製程技術與實驗分析方法之運用,

可提供國防與航太科技工業發展的依循。

2. D6AC 鋼原材經旋形加工後,原有殘留沃斯田鐵消失,其金相組織僅存肥粒鐵 與麻田散鐵組織,造成此相變化之細部機制,尚待進一步研究分析。

3. 旋形管件採 250 或 350°C 回火熱處理,其抗拉強度顯著提升,且延伸率亦優於 正常化之原材,待回火溫度達 450°C 以上又逐漸劣化,對此特殊現象,後續可 藉由SEM、TEM 以熱動力分析方式,進一步探討其形成機制。

4. 對於旋形量與回火熱處理之交互作用,日後可藉由田口式分析法詳加探討確 認,並輔以TEM 研析結果印證。

5. 未來更期望能夠再進行更高之旋形量,以發揮材料之最大效益。

參考文獻

[1] Joseph R. Davis, “Ultrahigh-strength steels,” Metals Handbook, tenth edition, ASM International, 1990.

[2] Imao Tamura, Chiaki Ouchi, Tomo Tanaka, and Hiroshi Sekine, Thermomechanical Processing of High Strength Low Alloy Steel, Butterworths, 1988.

[3] A.A. Baker, R.J. Chester, M.J. Davis, J.D. Roberts, and J.A. Retchford, “Reinforcement of the F-111 wing pivot fitting with a boron/epoxy doubler system-materals engineering aspects,” Composites, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 551-521, 1993.

[4] H. I. McHenry, J. C. Collins, and R. E. Key, “Design and Fabrication of D6AC Steel Weldments for Aircraft Structures,” Welding Journal, pp.991-1000, December 1967.

[5] Kenneth Notvest, “Effect of Thermal Cycles in Welding D6Ac Steel, Good correlation is obtained between resistance to cracking and weld ductility for any given weld thermal cycle,” Welding Journal, pp.173-177, April 1966.

[6] P. K. Liaw, M.G. Peck, and G. E. Rudd, “Fatigue crack growth behavior of D6AC space shuttle steel,” Engineering facture mechanics, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 379-400, 1992.

[7] W.M. Garrison, Jr., “Ultrahigh-Strength Steels foraerospace applications,” JOM, May 1990.

[8] T.L. Chang, L.W. Tasy, and C. Chen, “Influence of gaseous hydrogen on the notched tensile strength of D6AC steel,” Materials Science and Engineering A316, pp.153-160, 2001.

[9] M Jahazi, and G. Ebrahimi, “The influence of flow-forming parameters and microstructure on the quality of a D6ac steel,” Journal of materials processing technology, 103, pp.362-366, 2000.

[10] I.K. Lee, C.P. Chou, C.M. Cheng and I.C. Kuo, “Effect of stress relief on microstructure and mechanical properties of flow formed maraging steel weldment by electron beam welding,” Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Volume 8, No. 3, pp. 221-227, 2003.

[14] Semiatin S. L., “Spinning” Metals Handbook, Vol. 14, Ninth Edition, U.S.A, pp.

599-604, 1988.

[15] 牛富國編著,飛彈製造技術,中正理工學院兵器系統叢書,桃園, 96-102 頁,民

[18] “Electron beam welding and laser beam welding,” ASM Handbook, Welding, Brazing and Soldering, Volume 6, pp. 254-269, 1997.

[19] S. Floreen, “Metals handbook,” Metals Park, OH, American Society for Metals, 9th ed., Volume 1, pp. 445-452, 1978.

[20] 周長彬,蔡丕椿,郭央諶,銲接學,全華科技圖書股份有限公司,台北市,民國 88 年。

[21] Wyatt Swaim, “Gas tungsten arc welding made easy,” Welding Journal, Vol. 77, No. 9, pp.51-52, Sep. 1998.

[22] Bob Irving, “The challenge of welding heat-treatable alloy steels,” Welding Journal, Vol. 74, No. 2, pp.43-48, Feb. 1995.

[23] J. R. Still, “Welding of AISI 4130 and 4140 steels for drilling systems,” Welding Journal, Vol. 76, No. 6, pp.37-42, Jun.1997.

[24] Peterman, G. L., “How to Heat Treat D6AC Steel,” Metal Progress, Vol. 87, pp. 80, 1965.

[25] L.W. Tsay, C.S. Chung and C. Chen, “Fatigue crack propagation of D6AC laser welds,”

Int. J. Fatigue, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.25-31, 1997.

[29] F. H. Lang and N. Kenyon, “Welding of maraging steels,” Welding Research Council Bulletins 159, February 1971, Last Update February 2005.

[30] F. H. Charles, Jr. and S. Timothy, “Thomas mechanical property characterization of VASCOMAX T-250,” U.S. Army Materials Technology Lab. AD-A172891.

[31] J. E. Campbell, F. J. Barone, and D.P. Moon, “The mechanical properties of the 18 per cent nickel maraging steels,” DMIC Report 198, pp. 7-12, Feb. 1964.

[32] Vascomax T-200/T-250/T300 data sheet, Teledyne Vasco, Latrobe, PA. pp. 2-3, 1985.

[33] 黃文彬,蔡履文,「18% 麻時效鋼銲件低應變速率氫脆特性」,銲接與切割,第 七卷第四期,1-13 頁,民國 86 年 7 月。

[34] By The welding institute, Guide to the metallurgy of welding and weldability of low carbon microalloyed hot rolled steels, document IIS/IIW-843-87, 1987.

[35] J. F. Lancaster, The physics of welding, Pergamon press Inc., New York, pp. 268-285, 1984.

[36] John F. Hildebrand, “Cadmium embrittlement of high strength, low alloy steels at elevated temperatures,” Materials protection and performance, Vol. 12, No. 9, Sep.

1973.

[37] Gordon L. Peterman, “Aus-Bay Quenching: High Strength without Distortion,”

Welding Journal, Feb. 1966.

[38] J. Y. Mann, “The effects of very dry and fully water saturated air environments on the fatigue life of D6AC steel under constant and variable amplitude loading sequences,”

Corrosion, Vol. 35, No. 10, pp.465-471 Oct. 1979.

[39] Mchenry,H.I.,Collin,J.C.and Key, R.E.,”Electron Beam Welding of D6AC Steel,”

Welding Journal, Vol. 45,No.9, pp. 419-425, 1966.

[40] W. H. Kearns, “Metals and Their Weldability,” Welding Handbook, Seventh edition, Vol. 4, 1984.

[41] Steels-Microstructure and Properties, R W K Honeycombe.

[42] George Krauss, “Principles of Heat Treatment of Steel,” ASM Book, pp.187, 1980.

[43] H.W. Paxton and T. Kunitaka Trans. TMS-AIME, Vol. 218, pp.1003, 1960.

[44] C. S. Robert, B. L. Averback and M. Cohen Trans. ASM, Vol.45, pp.576, 1953.

[45] Charles H. Wick, “Chipless machining,” Manufacturing Engineering, Vol.1, pp.73-77, 1978.

[46] 顏俊宏,「高溫固溶處理對旋形麻時效鋼及 EBW 銲件之影響」,國立交通大學,

碩士論文,民國98 年 6 月。

[47] ASM Committee on Spinning, “Tube Spinning” ASM Metal Handbook, Vol.4, pp.317-322, 1996.

[48] Leifeld Co.,Technical Bulletin, No.3 and No.8.

[49] M. Runge, and D.H. Pollitt,Trans, “Spinning and Flow forming,” Lei-field GmbH, Werkzeugmaschinenbau / Verlag Moderne Industrie AG, D-86895, Landsberg / Lech, 1994

[50] Q. Wang, T. Wang, Z.,and R. Wang, “A study of the working force in conventional spinning,” International Conference of Rotary Forming, pp. 103-108, Oct. 1989.

[51] D.C. Kang, X.C. Gao, X. F. Meng, and Z. H. Wang, ”Study on the deformation mode of conventionalspinning of plates,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 91, pp.

226-230, 1999.

[52] J. H. Liu, H. Yang, Y., and Q. Li, “A study of stress andstrain distributions of first-pass conventional spinningunder different roller traces,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 129, pp. 326-329, 2002.

[53] C. L. Packham, “Metal spinning and shear and flowforming,” Sheet Metal Industries, pp.382-389, 1997.

[54] M. D, Chen, “Forecast of shear spinning force and surface rough-ness of spun cones by employing regression analysis,” International Journal of machine tools and manufacture, 41, pp.1721-1734, 2001.

[55] R. A. C Slater, “Spin forging of sheet metal cones having various cone angles from 70/30 brass and commercially pure aluminum, in: Symposium Tulzing/Germany,”Metal forming plasticity, Springer-Verlag. Heidelberg, Aug. 1978.

[56] R. L. K-egg, “A new test method for determination of spinnability of metals,”

Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Engineering for Industry 83, pp. 119-124, 1961.

[57] S. Cui, “Discussion on the causes of scaling cracks on the outside surface of shear-spun steel conical work-piece,” International Conference of Rotary Forming, pp. 128-130, Oct. 1989.

[58] S. Kalpakcioglu., “A study of shear spin-ability of metals,” Trans-actions of the ASME.

Journal of Engineering for Industry, 83, pp.478-483, 1961.

[59] 孫觀、鍾樹模、楊永盛、廖文榮,「流旋型加工技術製造高精度高強度薄管之探 討(一)順流旋型法」,中國機械工程學會第二屆學術研討會, 621-629 頁,高雄 市,民國74 年。

[60] Z.E. Ma, “Optimal angle of attack in tube spinning,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 37, pp. 217-280, 1993.

[61] P. Rajnish, and R.P. Singhal, “Shear spinning of technology for the manufacture of long thin wall tubes of small bore,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 54, pp.186-192, 1995.

[62] J. Yao. M. Murata, “An experimental study on paraxial spinning of one tube end,”

Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 6066, pp.1-6, 2002.

[63] S. C. Chang, C. A. Huang, S. Y. Yu, Y. Chang, and W. C. Han, T. S. Shieh, H. C.

Chung, H. T. Yao, G. D. Shyu, H. Y. Hou, C. C. Wang, W. S. Wang, “Tube spinnability of AA2024 and 7075 aluminum,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 80-81, pp.676-682, 1998.

[64] D. Xu, “Thickness reduction spinning of the thinwalled cylinder with inner stiffness,”

International Conference of Rotary Forming, pp. 97, Oct. 1989.

[65] H. Xu, and W. Feng, “Maximum reduction in power spinning of tubes,” Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Engineering for Industry, 86, pp.45-54, 1964.

[66] X. Honglie, and F. Wengang, “A research on the spinnability of normal steel castings,”

International Conference of Rotary Forming, pp.89-93, Oct. 1989.

[67] 王總守,「電子束銲接加工原理及其應用」,機械月刊,第廿卷第五期,254-269

[70] F. Smith and J. Milewski, “Electron beam welding comes through in exacting job,”

Welding Journal, Vol. 80, No. 6, pp. 43-46, 2001.

[71] 李義剛,許覺良,周長彬,「固溶處理對流旋型麻時效鋼電子束銲接後之顯微組織

N.Y., pp.106, 1971.

[76] J. Lancaster, Handbook of Structural Welding, Abington Publishing, McGraw-Hill Company, N.Y., 1992.

個人簡歷

姓 名:吳世基 學 號:9814817

出生日期:民國55 年 3 月 14 日

學 歷:交通大學機械工程研究所博士班(98.9-101.7)

雲林科技大學機械工程技術研究所碩士班(83.9-85.6)

中正理工學院機械工程學系(74.9-78.7)

經 歷:中山科學研究院系統製造中心技佐、技士、課長、組長、副主任 通 訊 處:桃園縣桃園市莊一街 19 號 9 樓

相關文件