NS Cn1 Cn3
Plasma amylase (U/L)
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Figure 1. Plasma amylase level of cerulein-treated mice at the indicated times. The plasma amylase level of cerulein-treated mice rise significantly at 1 hour (Cn1) and 3 hours (Cn3) after the last dose of cerulein injection. Each value is the mean ± SEM. #P<0.05 versus normal saline-treated mice (NS). (n=4 each group)
#
#
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Figure 2. Gross features and histological features of normal pancreas and acute pancreatitis. (A) Normal pancreas represent pinkish color (B) Pancreas from cerulein-treated mice reveals pale appearance. (C) Normal pancreas (H&E stain, 100X) (D) Pancreas from cerulein-treated mice (H&E stain, 100X) (E) Normal pancreas represents rare inflammatory cells infiltration (H&E stain, 200X) (F) Pancreas from cerulein-treated mice reveals diffusely inflammatory cells infiltration (H&E stain, 200X).
A
C
E
B
D
F
1 cm 1 cm
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NS Cn1 Cn1/LPS
Plasma amylase (U/L)
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000
Figure 3. Plasma amylase level from mice 1 hour after different condition treatment of acute pancreatitis. The plasma amylase level of cerulein-treated mice (Cn1) and concurrent LPS-treated mice (Cn1/LPS) rise significantly at 1 hour after the last dose of cerulein injection. Each value is the mean ± SEM. #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 versus normal saline-treated mice (NS). (n=4-5 each group)
#
##
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NS Cn1 Cn1/LPS
Tissue edema (%)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Figure 4. Pancreatic tissue edema from mice 1 hour after different condition treatment of acute pancreatitis. The severity of pancreatic tissue edema of cerulein-treated mice (Cn1) and concurrent LPS-treated mice (Cn1/LPS) rise significantly at 1 hour after the last dose of cerulein injection. Each value is the mean ± SEM. ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 versus normal saline-treated mice (NS). (n=4-5 each group)
## ###
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NS Cn1 Cn1/LPS
TNF-α (pg/ml)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Figure 5. Plasma TNF-α level from mice 1 hour after different condition treatment of acute pancreatitis. In comparison with normal saline-treated (NS) and cerulein-treated mice (Cn1), the plasma TNF-α level of cerulein and concurrent LPS-treated mice (Cn1/LPS) rise significantly at 1 hour after the last dose of cerulein injection. Each value is the mean ± SEM. #P<0.05 versus normal saline-treated mice. *P<0.05 versus cerulein-treated mice. (n=3 each group)
#＊
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A.
B.
NS Cn1 Cn1/LPS
Relative gelatinolytic activity (folds)
0 1 2 3 4
Figure 6. The expression of MMP-9 of plasma from mice 1 hour after different condition treatment of acute pancreatitis. (A) Gelatin zymogram of plasma from normal saline-treated (NS), cerulein-treated (Cn1), cerulein and concurrent LPS-treated (Cn1/LPS) mice reveal no difference in the expression of MMP-2. (B) The expression of MMP-9 significantly increase in Cn1/LPS group. Each value is the mean ± SEM.
#P<0.05 versus normal saline-treated mice. (n=4-5 each group)
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NS Cn3 Cn3/LPS
Plasma amylase (U/L)
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000
Figure 7. Plasma amylase level from mice 3 hours after different condition treatment of acute pancreatitis. The plasma amylase level of cerulein-treated mice (Cn3) and concurrent LPS-treated mice (Cn3/LPS) rise significantly at 3 hours after the last dose of cerulein injection. Each value is the mean ± SEM. ##P<0.01 versus normal saline-treated mice (NS). (n=4 each group)
## ##
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NS Cn3 Cn3/LPS
Tissue edema (%)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Figure 8. Pancreatic tissue edema from mice 3 hours after different condition treatment of acute pancreatitis. The severity of pancreatic tissue edema of cerulein-treated mice (Cn3) and concurrent LPS-treated mice (Cn3/LPS) rise significantly at 3 hours after the last dose of cerulein injection. Each value is the mean ± SEM. ##P<0.01 versus normal saline-treated mice (NS). (n=4 each group)
## ##
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NS Cn3 Cn3/LPS
TNF-α (pg/ml)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Figure 9. Plasma TNF-α level from mice 3 hours after different condition treatment of acute pancreatitis. In comparison with normal saline-treated (NS) and cerulein-treated mice (Cn3), the plasma TNF-α level of cerulein and concurrent LPS-treated mice (Cn3/LPS) rise significantly at 3 hours after the last dose of cerulein injection. Each value is the mean ± SEM. ##P<0.01 versus normal saline-treated mice.
**P<0.01 versus cerulein-treated mice. (n=3 each group)
##＊＊
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A.
B.
NS Cn3 Cn3/LPS
Relative gelatinolytic activity (folds)
0 Figure 10. The expression of MMP-9 of plasma from mice 3 hours after different condition treatment of acute pancreatitis. (A) Gelatin zymogram of plasma from normal saline-treated (NS), cerulein-treated (Cn3), cerulein and concurrent LPS-treated (Cn3/LPS) mice reveal no difference in the expression of MMP-2. (B) The expression of MMP-9 significantly increase in Cn3/LPS and Cn3 groups compare with NS group. In comparison with Cn3 group, the expression of MMP-9 significantly increase in Cn3/LPS group. Each value is the mean ± SEM.
#P<0.05, ##P<0.01 versus normal saline-treated mice. *P<0.05 versus cerulein-treated mice. (n=4 each group)
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NS Cn3 Cn3/CLP
Plasma amylase (U/L)
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000
Figure 11. Plasma amylase level from mice 3 hours after different condition treatment of acute pancreatitis. The plasma amylase level of cerulein-treated mice (Cn3) and concurrent CLP-treated mice (Cn3/CLP) rise significantly at 3 hours after the last dose of cerulein injection. Each value is the mean ± SEM. ##P<0.01 versus normal saline-treated mice (NS). (n=3-4 each group)
##
##
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A.
B.
NS Cn3 Cn3/CLP
Relative gelatinolytic activity (folds)
0
Figure 12. The expression of MMP-9 of plasma from mice 3 hours after different condition treatment of acute pancreatitis. (A) Gelatin zymogram of plasma from normal saline-treated (NS), cerulein-treated (Cn3), cerulein and concurrent CLP-treated (Cn3/CLP) mice reveal no difference in the expression of MMP-2. (B) The expression of MMP-9 significantly increase in Cn3/CLP group. Each value is the mean ± SEM.
#P<0.05 versus normal saline-treated mice. (n=3-4 each group)
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A.
B.
Con Cn LPS
TNF-Relative gelatinolytic activity (folds)
0
Figure 13. The activation of MMP-9 after incubation with different stimulators. (A) Gelatin zymogram of control (Con), cerulein (Cn), LPS and TNF-α groups reveal no difference in the expression of MMP-2. (B) The expression of MMP-9 significantly increase in LPS and TNF-α groups compare with Con and Cn groups. Each value is the mean ± SEM.
#P<0.05, ##P<0.01 versus control. *P<0.05,**P<0.01 versus cerulein. (n=3 each group)
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Table 1. The histological scores of pancreas from cerulein-treated mice at the indicated time.
NS (n=4) Cn1 (n=4) Cn3 (n=4)
Edema 1.0±0.0 2.8±0.3### 2.0±0.0##
Inflammation 0.5±0.5 2.0±0.0# 2.0±0.0#
Each value is the mean ± SEM. #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 versus normal saline-treated mice.
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Table 2. The histological scores of pancreas from mice 1 hour after different condition treatment of acute pancreatitis.
NS (n=4) Cn1 (n=4) Cn1/LPS (n=5)
Edema 1.3±0.3 3.0±0.0### 3.0±0.0###
Inflammation 0.8±0.5 2.0±0.0# 2.4±0.2##
Each value is the mean ± SEM. #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 versus normal saline-treated mice.
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Table 3. The biochemistry profile from mice 1 hour after different condition treatment of acute pancreatitis.
NS (n=4) Cn1 (n=4) Cn1/LPS (n=5)
GPT (U/L) 92.5±38.2 100.8±17.2 100.4±31.0
Glucose (mg/dl) 201.0±29.6 149.3±9.1 147.6±9.0
LDH (U/L) 5480.0±2495.8 3200.0±614.3 3688.0±1400.9
Cr (mg/dl) 0.1±0.0 0.1±0.0 0.1±0.0
Each value is the mean ± SEM.
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Table 4. The histological scores of pancreas from mice 3 hours after different condition treatment of acute pancreatitis.
NS (n=4) Cn3 (n=4) Cn3/LPS (n=4)
Edema 1.0±0.4 2.5±0.3# 2.5±0.3#
Inflammation 0.3±0.3 1.8±0.3## 1.8±0.3##
Each value is the mean ± SEM. #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 versus normal saline-treated mice.
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Table 5. The biochemistry profile from mice 3 hours after different condition treatment of acute pancreatitis.
NS (n=4) Cn3 (n=4) Cn3/LPS (n=4)
GPT (U/L) 77.8±23.5 78.5±6.8 119.3±13.8
Glucose (mg/dl) 233.3±4.2 155.8±22.8# 142.8±16.7##
LDH (U/L) 1150.0±368.2 870.0±247.3 1740.0±328.8
Cr (mg/dl) 0.1±0.0 0.1±0.0 0.1±0.0
Each value is the mean ± SEM. #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 versus normal saline-treated mice.
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Table 6. The biochemistry profile from mice 3 hours after different condition treatment of acute pancreatitis.
NS (n=3) Cn3 (n=3) Cn3/CLP (n=4)
GPT (U/L) 210.7±179.2 73.7±11.9 102.3±15.6
Glucose (mg/dl) 187.3±16.3 159.3±14.8 182.8±12.1
LDH (U/L) 1040.0±166.5 693.3±118.5 1720.0±539.9
Cr (mg/dl) 0.1±0.0 0.1±0.0 0.1±0.0
Each value is the mean ± SEM.
65