2000.7，頁 18-19.；戴曉霞，高等教育的大眾化與市場化 (台北市：
揚智文化，民 89)，頁 40-41.
61. John S. Brubacher & Willis Rudy (1997), op.cit., pp.425-426.
62. John Dewey, Democracy and Education (New York: The Free Press,1944), pp.322-323.
63. John S. Brubacher & Willis Rudy (1997), op.cit., p.427.
64. Immanuel Kant, The Conflict of the Faculties, Translation & Introduction by Mary J. Gregor (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1979)
65. John S. Brubacher & Willis Rudy (1997), op.cit., p.428.
66. Ibid., p.430.
67. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, A Classification of Institutions of Higher Education（Berkeley: the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 1976）, pp.xv-xviii.
68. John S. Brubacher & Willis Rudy（1997）op.cit., p.430.
69. Ibid., pp.431-432.
70. Ibid., pp.433-434.
71. Ibid., p.437.
第五章
1. R. S. Peters, “Education as Initiation,” in Philosophical Analysis and Education, Reginald D. Archambault (ed.) (New York: Humanities Press, 1965), pp.92-93.
2. Christopher J. Lucas, Crisis in the Academy: Rethinking Higher Education in America (Griffin: St. Martin’s Press,1996), p41.
3. Ibid., pp.42-43.
4. Ibid., pp.44-45.
5. Ibid., pp.47-48.
6. Ibid., pp.49-50.
7. Tony Becher, Academic Tribes and Territories: Intellectual Enquiry and the Cultures of Disciplines (Bristol: SRHE and Open University Press,1989)
8. John S. Brubacher & Willis Rudy, Higher Education in Transition: A History of American Colleges and Universities (New Brunswick:
Transaction Publishers,1997), p.178.
9. Christopher J. Lucas (1996), op.cit., p.69.
10. John Henry Newman, The Idea of a University，Frank M. Turner (ed.) (New Haven: Yale University Press,1996),pp.76-126.
11. Thorstein Veblen, The Higher Learning in America (New York:
Sagamore Press Inc., 1957), op.cit., p12.
12. Ibid., p.13 13. Ibid., p.17.
14. Ibid., p.19.
15. Ibid., pp.23-24.
16. Robert M. Hutchins, The Higher Learning in America (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1936)
17. Robert M. Hutchins, “The Issues,” in Clark Kerr et al., The University in America (Santa Barbara, CA: Center for the Study of Democratic Institution, 1967),p.5.
18. Ibid.
19. R. M. Hutchins, The University of Utopia (Chicago: the University of Chicago Press,1953), p.32.
20. Robert M. Hutchins, “The Issues,” in Clark Kerr et al., The University in America (1967), op.cit.,pp.5-6.
21. Robert M. Hutchins（1936）, op.cit., pp.xiii-xiv.
22. Robert M. Hutchins, “The Issues,” in Clark Kerr et al., The University in America (1967), op.cit., p.7.
23. Ibid., p.7.
24. Robert M. Hutchins (1936), op.cit., p.47.
25. Ibid., pp.66-67.
26. Robert M. Hutchins, The Learning Society (台北：中央圖書出版社翻 印，民 57), pp.108-109.
27. Clark Kerr, The Uses of the University (Cambridge, Massachusetts:
Harvard University Press,2001).
28. Ibid., p.7.
29. Cameron Fincher, “The Idea of the University in the 21st Century: An American Perspective, ” British Journal of Educational Studies 41, March, 1993,pp.28-29.
30. Christopher J. Lucas (1996), op.cit., p.85.
31. Ibid., p.84.
32. Ibid., p.125.
33. Laurence R. Veysey, The Emergence of the American University (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1965), p.199.
34. John S. Brubacher & Willis Rudy (1997), op.cit., p.112.
35. John Dewey, The Educational Situation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1902) pp.85-86.
36. Christopher J. Lucas (1996), op.cit., pp.131-132.
37. Harry S. Ashmore, Unseasonable Truths: The Life of Robert Maynard Hutchins (Boston: Little and Brown,1989)
38. Ward F. Champion (ed), The Idea and Practice of General Education: An Account of the University of Chicago (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press,1992), p.v.; William P. Martin, The Dewey-Hutchins Debate on General Education, 1929-1945: A case of Progressive Historical Bias (Michigan: A Bell & Howell Company, 1991)
39. Robert M. Hutchins (1936), op.cit., p.78.
40. Robert M. Hutchins, Great Books: The Foundation of a Liberal Education (New York: Simon and Schuster,1954), pp.19-20.
41. Ibid., 28.
42. Ibid., pp.17-18.
43. Mortimer J. Adler, Philosopher At Large: An Intellectual Autobiography
(New York: Macmillian Publishing co., Inc., 1977), p.257.
44. Gordon C. Lee, Education and Democratic Ideals (New York: Harcourt, Brace &Work, Inc., 1965), p.79.
45. ”John Dewey on Hutchins’ Philosophy of Education,1937”, in Richard Hofstadter & Wilson Smith（Eds.）,American Higher Education : A Documentary History, Vol. II (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1961), p.952.
46. Christopher J. Lucas (1996), op.cit., pp.134-135.
47. Report of the Harvard Committee, General Education in a Free Society (Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1946), pp.204-220.
48. ”The President’s Commission on Higher Education for Democracy, 1947”, in Richard Hofstadter & Wilson Smith （ Eds. ）（ 1961) pp.987-990.
49. Christopher J. Lucas (1996), op.cit., p.137.
50. Ibid., pp. 138-139.
51. Clark Kerr, The Great Transformation in Higher Education: 1960-1980 (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991) pp.297-298.
52. Robert Paul Wolff,The Ideal of the University (Boston: Beacon, 1969).
53. Brand Blanshard, The Uses of a Liberal Education and Other talks to Students (La Salle: The Open Court Publishing Company,1973)
54. Christopher J. Lucas (1996), op.cit., p.142.
55. Ibid., pp.142-143.
56. Report on the Core Curriculum: a revision of the Report on the Core Curriculum in April, 1978 (Harvard University: Faculty of Arts and Sciences,1979),pp.6-16.
57. Christopher J. Lucas (1996), op.cit., pp.143-144.
58. Ibid.p.146.
59. Ibid.
60. John Henry Newman, The Idea of a University，Frank M. Turner (ed.) (1996),op.cit., p.80.; John S. Brubacher, A History of the Problems of Education (NewYork: McGraw-Hill Book Company,1966 ) p.445.; Paul H. Hirst, “Liberal Education and the Nature of Knowledge”, in P.H.
Hirst and P.White (eds.), Philosophy of Education, Vol.I (London:
Routledge, 1998) pp.246-248.
61. Robert M. Hutchins (民 57),op.cit.,p.135.
62. Aristotle, Politics VII,1333a-1334b, in The Complete Works of Aristotle, Jonathan Barnes Vol.II (Princeton: Princeton University Press,1984), pp.2115-2117.
63. John S. Brubacher, (1966 ),op.cit., p.446.
64. 艾德勒編有「派代亞問題和可能性」一書，書中對「派代亞」的字 源 義 做 了 解 釋 ， 認 為 ”paideia” 的 希 臘 字 根 是 自 ”pais”, 而
“paidos” 是 「 養 育 小 孩 」 之 意 ， 引 申 來 說 ， 該 自 和 拉 丁 字”humanitas” (英文字是”humanities”) 同義，意指全人類都必 須 有 通 才 的 涵 養 。 From Mortimer J. Adler, Paideia Problems and Possibilities (New York: Macmillan ,1983) p.v.
65. Christopher J. Lucas (1996), op.cit., p.149.
66. Ibid., pp.151-154.
67. Ibid., pp.157-167.
68. 柯爾為了重振博雅教育，1960 年代曾在加州大學聖塔克魯斯分校 (Santa Cruz) 實驗「叢集學院」制度，其構想是建築大型的全校圖
書館、科學實驗室以及一系列廣泛的文化學程，但是同時限定招生 人數，不致過多，以塑造智識的統體。此外，成立一系列學院 (每 個學院的學生數自五百至一千人) ，負責教授某些博雅科目，每個 學院都有負責教務的教務長，而每位教師都歸屬於某一學院，全校 一半學生住宿。From Clark Kerr, The Gold and the Blue: A Personal Memoir of the University of California,1949-1967, Vol. One: Academic Triumphs (Berkeley: University of California, 2001) p.265.
69. Christopher J. Lucas (1996), op.cit., p.163.
70. Ibid.,pp.165-166.
71. Ibid., p.170.
72. Alfred North Whitehead, The Aims of Education and Other Essays (New York:The Macmillian , 1929), op.cit., p.97.
73. Christopher J. Lucas (1996), op.cit., p.173.
74. Ibid., pp176-177.
75. ”The A.A.U.P.’s “General Declaration of Principles,”1915” in Richard Hofstadter & Wilson Smith（Eds.） ( 1961), op.cit., pp.861,865.
76. Laurence R. Veysey (1965), op.cit., p.387.
77. Page Smith, Killing the Spirit: Higher Education in America (New York:
Viking Penguin, 1990) p.115.
78. ”1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure with 1970 Interpretive Comments” ,Retrieved February 1, 2005, from http://
www.aaup.org/1940stat.htm, pp.1-2.; Walter P. Metzger, Academic Freedom in the Age of the University (New York: Columbia University Press, 1955) p.213-214.
79. Christopher J. Lucas (1996), op.cit., pp.179-188.
80. Page Smith（1990) p.116.
81. Christopher J. Lucas (1996), op.cit., p.186.
82. Ibid., p.186.
83. Ibid., p.189.
84.Ibid.,p.190.;Donald Kennedy, Academic Duty (Cambridge, Massachusetts:
Harvard University Press, 1997), pp.57.62.
85. Christopher J. Lucas (1996), op.cit., pp.190-191.
86. Ibid., pp.192-193.
87. Ibid., pp.199-200.
88. Ibid., p.197.
89. Richard T. De George, Academic Freedom and Tenure: Ethical Issues (Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,INC., 1997) p.55.
90. Robert M. Hutchins,” A Liberal Education”, in The University of Chicago Magazine, Vol.xxxIII, No. 9,1941.p.5.
91. R. M. Hutchins, The Conflict in Education in a Democratic Society (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, Publishers,1953) p.10.
92. John S. Brubacher, On the Philosophy of Higher Education (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass ,1982) pp.35-36.
93. Ibid., pp.36-37.
94. Ibid., p39.
95. Ibid., pp.40-41.
96. Ibid., pp.41-42.
97. R. M. Hutchins, Education For Freedom (New York: Grove Press, Inc.1943) p.101.
98. John S. Brubacher (1982), op.cit., pp.43-46.
99. Ibid., p.44.
100. Robert M. Hutchins,” A Liberal Education”, in The University of Chicago Magazine, 1941,op.cit., .p.6.
101. Karl Popper,Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach (Oxford:
Claredon Press,1979) p.57.
102. John S. Brubacher (1982), op.cit., p.45. 103.Ibid., pp.46-47.
103. Ibid., pp.46-47.
104. R. M. Hutchins, The Conflict in Education in a Democratic Society (1953),p.3.
105. R. M. Hutchins,The University of Utopia (1953), op.cit., p.87.
106. John S. Brubacher (1982), op.cit., p.49.
107. Ibid., p.49.
108. R. M. Hutchins,The University of Utopia (1953), op.cit., p.88.
109. John S. Brubacher (1982), op.cit., pp.51-52.
110. Ibid., p.52.
111. John S. Mill, On Liberty，Currin V. Shields (ed.) (Indianapolis, New York: The Boss-Merrill ,1956) p.21.
112. John S. Brubacher (1982), op.cit., pp.53-54.
113. Robert M. MacIver, Academic Freedom in Our Time (New York:Gordian Press, 1967) p.20.
114. Ibid., p.207.
115. Ibid., p.208.
116. John S. Brubacher, Bases for Policy in Higher Education (New York:
Mcgraw-Hill ,1965) p.1.
117. Frederick Rudolph, The American College & University: A History
(Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1990) p.2 60.
118. Christopher J. Lucas (1996), op.cit., p.94.
119. Ibid., p.94.
120. Ibid., p.96.
121. Ibid., p.97.
122. Ibid., pp.97-98.
123. John S. Brubacher (1982), op.cit., p.67.
124. Christopher J. Lucas (1996), op.cit., p.101.
125. Ibid., pp.101-102.
126. Ibid., p.103.
127. Ibid.,pp.104-106.
128. John S. Brubacher (1982), op.cit., p.71.
129. Christopher J. Lucas (1996), op.cit., p.108.
130. Ibid., pp.110-111.
131. Ibid., p.111.
132. Ibid., pp.112-113.
133. Ibid., pp.114-115.
134. Ibid., pp.115-116.
135. Ibid., p.118.
第六章
1. R. M. Hutchins, The Learning Society (台北：中央圖書出版社翻印，
民 57) pp.134-135.
2. The Ethics of Aristotle, Translated by J. A. K. Thomson (Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin , 1953), pp.144-146.
3. Clark Kerr, The Uses of the University (Cambridge, Massachusetts:
Harvard University Press, 2001), p.91.
4. Ibid., pp.199-200.
5. Ibid., pp.91-92.
6. R. M. Hutchins (民 57), op.cit., p.115.
7. Clark Kerr, The Great Transformation in Higher Education: 1960-1980 (Albany: State University of New York Press,1991) p.xvi.
8. Clark Kerr (2001) pp.216-217.
9. R. M. Hutchins, Education For Freedom (New York: Grove Press, 1943), pp.25-26.
10. Ibid., pp.26-27.
11. Clark Kerr,The Uses of the University (2001) pp.152, 200-201.