10. 企業的貪婪（例如：貪婪追求中東石油造成地區劇烈動蕩，再造成敍 利亞難民危機）
11. 極端主義（例如：恐怖組織伊斯蘭國，宗教極端主義，基地組織等造 成難民潮的主因）
12. 全人類應共同承擔的責任（例如：因爲文明，歷史，全球化問題，等 等 ）
13. 人口販子
14. 其他
15. 沒有提及
129
Appendix B
. New York Times articles B1. Domestic9/26 – Fear arrives in S.C. long before refugees
11/15 – new outbreak of violence alters political discourse 11/17 – parties split on response but united behind France 12/8 Trump wants to block entry of all Muslims
11/21 Muslim list? Call by Trump draws outrage 11/22 Trump heard cheers on 9/11
12/5 smooth visa process for woman in attack 12/12 new chapter in history of U.S. dread
11/27 resistance to Syrian refugees – painful Japanese American past 12/1 Love and disbelief follow Trump meetings
11/22 why it takes 2 years for Syrian refugees to enter U.S.
12/1 white house tightens visa waiver program in bid to block militants 10/2 – Idaho city debates to allow Middle Eastern refugees
11/21 Virginia mayor sorry for remarks on refugees 11/19 Republicans push to halt Syrian refugees
11/21 Syrian family diverted from Indiana, welcomed in Conn 11/4 – trickle of Syrian refugees settles across U.S.
11/18 – Hardware store welcomes refugees as gov vows to shut them out 11/18 – 11th hour puts family in Connecticut
11/24 chill grips U.S. haven for Syrian families 12/5 Texas path is cleared for immigrants 12/10 Texas fails to block Syrian refugees 12/5 Syrian refugees welcomed in NY
B2. Conflict frame
9/18 ‘confusion’ “Despite the chaos, there were few signs that European Union leaders, or the governments of other countries along the human river of people flowing from war and poverty, were close to imposing any order or even talking seriously about harmonizing their approaches and messages to the migrants.”
9/18 ‘finger pointing’ Republican candidates were divided between those advocating more American involvement and those suggesting stepping back and letting the Syrians fight it out themselves.
9/27 – politics and philosophy clash
11/19 – reigniting debate over civil liberties vs. security 11/26 –‘I’m frightened’
B3. Human interest frame
French residents at Calais volunteered to make a small library for the refugees,
Sweden express that “We felt we had to do something… It’s a small thing but maybe it will help.”
130 Hungarian and Greek citizens are quoted, expressing their disapproval of the refugee influx and the EU quotas for accepting them.
“Americans have nothing to fear” of refugee families like those in the articles.
One family says “we feel very welcomed, we went through hell to get here.”
B4.
Twin Falls, Idaho
10/14 – for some immigrants, life in U.S. has already begun 11/21 Americans react to Paris: empathy, fear, resolve 12/9 fears grow in Texas with refugees due soon
B5: economic consequences examples B6: Morality frame
9/24 – Pope’s message is political and pastoral 8/11 and 8/17
9/3, 9/4 (12/1), 12/5
11/22, 12/16, 12/17, 9/5, 9/12 B7. Individual refugee stories B8. Masses of refugees
131
Appendix C
. PD articles quoted (original Chinese text)C1. (10/23/2015 (作者為中國社會科學院榮譽學部委員、人權研究中心主任, 劉海年)
132 C6: （9/22/2015 開放時代,也請打開心靈(評論員隨筆)）
英國詩人彌爾頓說,“心靈建造了天國,也建造了地獄”。一些人找不到開啟心靈的鑰匙,正 是其陷入困擾、走向封閉的癥結所在。人不可能在自我封閉中走向成熟,更難以在精神的 孤立中尋求幸福。今天,佔有資訊、結交新識、發起活動,不是困難的事情。然而,敞開心扉, 卻需要主動的意識與勇氣。艾倫·布盧姆在《美國精神的封閉》一書中指明,“自我是靈魂 的現代替代品”。或許,隨著時代的變遷,又到了該重新審視自我的時候了。
C7: (10/6/2015“顏色革命”也讓歐洲大陸“很受傷”(深度觀察))
而在曆盡艱辛、受盡磨難、僥倖抵達歐洲後,越來越多的難民失望地發現,歐洲絕非他們幻 想中的樂園,在這片陌生的土地上,他們依然要忍受生活的痛苦和煎熬,依然難以看到希望的 曙光。
匈牙利科爾維努斯大學國際問題研究所副教授、歐洲一體化和安全政策專家加利克認為,
“美國對利比亞、敘利亞進行干預,推廣‘民主’,現在被證實是個徹頭徹尾的失敗。作為 美國的盟友,歐洲國家也參與其中,當前的難民危機,歐洲自身有著不可推卸的責任。敘利亞 是主要的難民來源地,利比亞是難民偷渡的便利通道,如果沒有這兩個國家的戰火和動亂,難 民潮就不會出現今天這種失控的局面。”
C8: (11/21/2015 美國安置 1 萬名敘利亞難民計劃受阻(國際視點))
美國應該對自己在伊拉克和敘利亞種下的苦果負責任。”在恐怖之火燃燒到西方世界眼
皮底下的時候,他們緊閉國門推卸責任,拒絕理會難民的呼聲,這完全說不通。”