第五章 結論
5.3 研究建議
一、外部變數的採納：
本研究僅加入四個外部變數，針對EBPP 系統的特色還有許多值得去研究的構面，
例如：電子化所帶來的環保性議題、行銷價值等。因此，後續研究可採納不同的外部變 數來增加科技接受模式的解釋能力。
二、樣本多樣性：
本研究大部分的樣本為學生族群，代表性或許較為不足，建議後續研究者在蒐集樣 本資料時，可以將問卷發放到許多不同性質網站取得樣本，或是不同區域的地方讓受訪 者填答。
三、研究方法層面：
本研究採問卷調查法，屬於量化的研究，且受訪者自評方式可能會有主觀的問題，
若要對使用者人格特質、抗拒變革等個別差異作更深入的了解，建議採質化或訪談的研 究方式，可能會使研究結果更完善。
本問卷並無設計開放式題項讓受訪者表達意見，建議後續研究者可以設計開放式題 目，例如：使用EBPP 後覺得有何處需要改進，可以更清楚了解使用者的需求是什麼。
四、研究議題的導入角度：
本研究是以使用者的角度切入探討對於EBPP 的行為意圖，建議後續研究者可由帳 單業者的角度來評估導入EBPP 的成效，可由不同的產業如政府單位、電信業、銀行業、
保險業等等，做單一產業的深入研究，以發展適合個別產業的電子帳單系統方法或架 構，除此之外，也可以做跨產業的比較分析，做為發展電子帳單系統的參考。
57
1. Adams, D. A., Nelson, R. R., and Todd, P. A. (1992), “Perceived Usefulness, Ease of Use, and Usage of Information Technology: A Replication”, MIS Quarterly, 16 (2), pp.247-277.
2. Agarwal, R., and Prasad, J. (1997), “The Role of Innovation Characteristics and Perceived Voluntariness in the Acceptance of Information Technologies”, Decision Sciences, 28(3), pp.557-582.
3. Agarwal, R.,and Prasad, J. (1999), “Are Individual Differences Germane to the
Acceptance of New Information Technologies?”, Decision Sciences, 30(2), pp.361-391.
4. Ahn, T., Ryu, S., and Han, I. (2007), “The Impact of Web Quality and Playfulness on User Acceptance of Online Retailing”, Information and Management, 44(3), pp.236-275.
5. Ajzen, I. (1991), “The Theory of Planned Behavior”, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), pp.179-211.
6. Allport, G. M. (1937), “Personality: A Psychological Interpretation”, New York: Holt.
7. Anthony, L. M., Clarke, M. C., and Anderson, S. J. (2000), “Technophobia and
Personality Subtypes in a Sample of South African University Students”, Computers in Human Behavior, 16(1), pp.31-44.
8. Bagozzi, R. P., Baumgartner, H., and Yi, Y. (1992), “State versus Action Orientation and the Theory of Reasoned Action: An Application to Coupon Usage”, Journal of Consumer Research, 18(4), pp.505-518.
9. Bailey, J. E., and Pearson, S. W. (1983), “Develop of A Tool for Measuring and Analyzing Computer User Satisfaction”, Management Science, 29(5), pp.530-545.
10. Bandura,A.(1986), Social Foundations of Thought and Action : A Social Cognitive Theory.
58
11. Billserv, Inc.,EBPP White Paper in 2002,Revision 5, May 3,2002.
http://www.billserv.com/EBPPWhitePaper2002-BillservInc.pdf
12. Carolyn, M. G., and Tony, W. (2001), “E-Learning for Industry: The Competitive Advantage”, Paper presented on 2001 Vocational Education and Training Research Conference.
13. Chen, C., Czerwinski, M., and Macredie, R. (2000), “Individual Differences in Virtual Environments-Introduction and Overview”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 51(6), pp.499-507.
14. Chen, M. K. (2003), “A Study on Campus Wireless Local Area Network
(WLAN)-Technology Acceptance Model”, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Industrial Technology Educational Department, master thesis.
15. Chin, W. W., and Todd, P. A. (1995), “On The Use, Usefulness and Ease of Use of Structural Equation Modeling in MIS Research: A Note of Caution ”, MIS Quarterly, 19(2), pp.237-246.
16. Clifford Neuman, (1995), “Security, Payment, and Privacy for Network Commerce”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(8), pp.1523-1531.
17. Colquitt, J. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Ilgen, D. R., LePine, J. A., Sheppard, L.(2002),
“Computer-Assisted Communication and Team Decision-Making Performance: The Moderating Effect of Openness to Experience”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(2), pp.402-470.
18. Costa, P. T. and McCrae, R. R. (1987), “Validation of the Five-Factor Model of Personality Across Instruments and Observers”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, p.81-90.
19. Davis, F. D. (1989), “Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technologies”, MIS Quarterly, 13(3), pp.319-339.
20. Davis, F. D. (1993), “User Acceptance of Information Technology: System Characteristics, User Perceptions, and Behavioral Impacts”, International Journal of Man Machine Studies, 38(3), pp.475-487.
21. Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R., and Warshaw, P. R. (1989), "User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A comparison of Two Theoretical Models", Management Science, 35(8), pp.982-1003.
22. DeLone, W. H. and McLean, E. R. (1992), “Information Systems Success: The Quest for the Dependent Variable”, Information Systems Research, 3(1), pp.60-95.
23. DeLone, W. H. and McLean, E. R. (2003), “The DeLone and McLean Model of
Information System Success: A Ten-Year Update”, Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), pp.9-30.
24. Dillon, A. and Watson, C. (1996), “User Analysis in HCI – The Historical Lessons from
59
Individual Difference Research”, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 45(6), pp.619-637.
25. Duffy, “Mgr AT&T Billing Strategy”, PC Week, June 1998
26. Ebilling,org. An Overview of Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment Operating Model, NACHA’s Council for Electronic Billing and Payment, 2000, http://www.ebilling.org/
27. Fishbein, M., and Ajzen, I.(1975), Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior : An Introduction to Theory and Research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
28. Gallivan, M. (2004), “Examing IT Professional’s Adaptation to Technological Change: the Influence of Gender and Personal Attributes”, ACM SIGMIS Database, 35(3), pp.28-49.
29. Gatewood, R. D. and Field, H. S. (1998), “Human Resource Selection 4th ed.”, The Dryden Press.
30. Goldberg, L. R (1990), “An Alternative Description of Personality: The Big Five Factor Structure”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, pp.1216-1229.
31. Goldberg, L. R (1993), “The Structure of Phenotypic Personality Traits”, American Psychologists, 48(1), pp.26-34.
32. Guielford, J. P. (1965), Fundamental Statics in Psychology and Education, 4thed, New York, McGraw Hill.
33. Hong, W., Wong, W., Thong, J., and Tam, K. (2002), “Determinants of User Acceptance of Digital Libraries: An Empirical Examination of Individual Differences and System Characteristics”, Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(3), pp97-124.
34. Hubona, G. S. and Geitz, S. (1997), “External Variables, Beliefs, Attitudes and Information Technology Usage Behavior”, Proceeding of the Thirtieth Hawaii International Conference, 3, pp.21-28.
35. Hu, L. T. and Bentler, P. M., (1999), “Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance”, Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), pp.1-55.
36. Igbaria, M., Guimaraes, T., and Davis, G. B., (1995), “Testing the Determinants of Microcomputer Usage via a Structural Equation Model”, Journal of Management Information Systems, 11(4), pp.87-114.
37. Introduction to Theory and Research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
38. Jackson, C. M., Chow, S., and Leitch, R. A., (1997), “Toward an Understanding of the Behavioral Intentions to Use an Information System”, Decision Sciences, 28(2), pp.457-389.
39. Jarvenpaa, S.L. (1989), “The Effect of Task Demands and Graphical Format on Information Processing Strategies”, Management Science, pp.285-303.
40. Kassarjian, H. H. (1971) “Personality and Consumer Behavior: A Review”, Journal of Marketing Research, pp.409-418.
41. Kleinmuntz, B. (1967), “Personality Measurement: an Introduction”, Homewood: Dorsey.
42. Korukonda, A. R. (2007), “Differences that Do Matter: A Dialectic Analysis of
60
Computers in Human Behavior, 23(4), pp.1921-1942.
43. Li, M. W. (2001), “The Application of Technology Acceptance Model in Studying the Intention of Asynchronous Learning Network System Usage”, National Chung Cheng University, Information Management Department, master thesis.
44. Lin, J., and Lu H. (2000), “ Towards an Understanding of the Behavioral intention to use a web site”, International Journal of Information Management, 20, pp.197-208.
45. Liu, C., and Arnett, K., (2000), “Exploring the Factors Associated with Web Site Success in the Context of Electronic Commerce”, Information and Management, 38(1), pp.23-33.
46. Lucas, H. C., and Spitler, V. K., (1999), “Technology Use and Performance: A field Study of Broker Workstations”, Decisions Sciences, 30(2), pp.291-311.
47. King, W. R., and He,J. (2006) “A Meta-Analysis of the Technology Acceptance Model”, Information& Management, 43(6), pp.740-755.
48. Manzoni, J. F. and Angehrn, A. A. (1997), “Understanding Organizational Dynamics of IT-enabled Change: A Multimedia Simulation Approach”, Journal of Management Information Systems, 14(3), PP.109-140.
49. Markus, M. L. (1983), “Power, Politics, and MIS Implementation”, Communications of the ACM, 26(6), pp.430-444.
50. Moore. G. C, and Benbasat, I. (1991), “Development of an Instrument to Measure the Perceptions of Adopting an Information Technology Innovation”, Information Systems Research, 2(3), pp.192-222.
51. Nelson, D. L. (1990), “Individual Adjustment to Information-Driven Technologies: A Critical Review ”, MIS Quarterly, 14(1), pp.79-98.
52. Norman, W. T. (1963), “Toward an Adequate Taxonomy of Personality Attributes:
Replicated Factor Structure in Peer Nomination Personality Ratings”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, pp.574-583.
53. Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. Psychometric Theory, 3 ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994.
54. Oded, Nov & Chen, Ye. (2008), “Personality and Technology Acceptance: Personal Innovativeness in IT, Openness and Resistance to Change”, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Proceedings of the 41st Annual.
55. Oreg, S. (2003), “Resistance to Change: Developing an Individual Differences Measure”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(4), pp.680-692.
56. Oreg, S. (2006), “Personality, Context, and Resistance to Organizational Change”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 15(1), pp.73-101.
57. Oreg, S. and Nov, O. (2008), “Exploring Motivations for Contributing to Open Source Initiatives: The Rules of Contribution Context and Personal Values”, Computers in Human Behavior, 24, pp.2055-2073.
61
58. Peabody, D. (1987), “Selecting Representative Trait Adjectives”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, pp.59-77.
59. Pratt, R. and Chudoba, K. (2006), “Is Extraversion the Next Predictor of System Adoption?
Effects of Personality Traits on System Acceptance”, Paper presented at the Academy of Management Meeting, Atlanta, GA.
60. Rai, A., Lang, S., and Welker, R. (2002), “Assessing the Validity of IS Success Models:
An Empirical Test and Theoretical Analysis,” Information Systems Research, 13(1), pp.50-69.
61. Robbins, S. P. (2001), “Organizational Behavior 9th ed.”, N. J. : Prentice-Hall Inc.
62. Rogers, E. (1995), Diffusion of Innovations. NY: Free Press.
63. Scott, W. G. and Mitchell, T. R. (1972), “Organization Theory: A Structure and Behavioral Analysis”, Homewood IL: Richard Irwin Publisher.
64. Sliverman, S. B. and Day, D. V. (1989), “Personality and Job Performance: Evidence of Incremental Validity”, Personnel Psychology, 42, pp.25-36.
65. Szajna, B. (1996), “Empirical Evaluation of the Revised Technology Acceptance Model”, Management Science, 42(1), pp.85-92.
66. Tiernan, B. (2001), “The Hybrid Company: Reach All Your Customers through
Multi-Channels Anytime, Anywhere”, Chinese Translation Copyright, 2002 by Leviathan Publish Company.
67. Thatcher, J. and Perrewe, P. (2002), “An Empirical Examination of Individual Traits as Antecedents to Computer Anxiety and Computer Self-Efficacy”, MIS Quarterly, 26(4), pp.381-399.
68. Vam Dam, K. (2005), “Employee Attitudes toward Job Changes: An Application and Extension of Rusbult and Farrell's Investment Model”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(2), pp.253-272.
69. Venkatesh, V., and Davis, F. D. (1996), “A Model of the Antecedents of Perceived Ease of Use: Development and Test”, Decision Sciences, 27(3), pp.451-481.
70. Venkatesh, V., and Davis, F. D. (2000), “A Theoretical Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model: Four Longitudinal Field Studies”, Management Science, 46(2), pp.186-204.
71. Venkatesh, V., and Morris, M. G. (2000), “Why Don't Men Ever Stop to Ask for Directions?
Gender, Social Influence, and Their Role in Technology Acceptance and Usage Behavior”, MIS Quarterly, 24, pp.115-139.
72. Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B. , and Davis, F. D. (2003) , “User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward an Unified View”, MIS Quarterly, 27(3), pp.425-478.
73. Wiggins, J. S. (1996), “The Five-Factor Model of Personality”, New York: Guilford Press.
74. Yan Li, Chuan-Hoo Tan, Hock-Hai Teo and Bernard C. Y. Tan. (2006), “Innovative Usage of Information Technology in Singapore Organizations: Do CIO Characteristics Make a
62
75. Yang, K. C. C. (2005), “Exploring Factors Affecting the Adoption of Mobile Commerce in Singapore”, Telematics and Informatics, 22(3), pp.257-277.
76. Zander, U. and Kogut, B. (1992), “Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology”, Organization Science, 3, pp.383-397.
77. Zmud , R. W. (1979), “Individual Differences and MIS Success: A Review of the Empirical Literature”, Management Science, 25(10), pp.966-979.
63
Appendix附錄一：問卷
填卷說明
各位受訪者您好：
這是一份有關「消費者使用電子帳單呈遞支付系統之意圖」的
學術研究，麻煩您撥空幫忙填寫，請您依實際經驗與個人認知，回
答下列所有的問題，並在適當□中打ˇ，您的寶貴意見將對本研究
有極大的幫助。
本問卷以不記名方式作答，且僅用於學術用途，絕對不對外公
開，請放心作答，在此向您致上由衷的感謝！
交通大學管理科學系碩士班
指導老師： 黃仁宏 教授
研究生： 危芷燕 敬上
64
65
第二部分：以下問題是想瞭解您的基本資料
1.性別：□男 □女
2.年齡：□20 歲以下 □21~25 歲 □26~30 歲 □31~35 歲 □36~40 歲 □41 以上 3.工作：□軍公教人員 □商業/服務業 □資訊科技業 □工業 □自由業
□學生 □無（含退休人員） □其他：
4.教育程度：□國小 □國中 □高中職 □大專院校 □碩士以上 5.最近一個月內是否有使用過「電子帳單呈遞支付系統」：□有 □無
本調查問卷到此全部填答完畢，再次感謝您的合作與配合！！