本研究為國內首次利用彗星試驗來探討合成皮業勞工暴露於二甲基 甲醯胺(DMF) 對 DNA 造成損傷相關性的研究，結果發現暴露於高濃度 DMF (≧5ppm)的勞工比暴露於低濃度 DMF (＜5ppm)的勞工在 DNA 受損 方面而言是較為嚴重的。在另一方面暴露於DMF 之勞工肝功能的確是有 影響的。利用彗星試驗來檢測DNA 損傷程度是有比之前之研究方法來的 精準，而且快速，因此彗星試驗可作為暴露於低濃度DMF 量的生物指標。
34
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45
表一. DMF 研究對象基本資料分佈
暴露組(n=37) 對照組(n=30) 全部(n=67) P*
性別 ＜0.001*.a
男 37（100％） 14（46.7％） 51
女 0（0％） 16（53.3％） 16
年齡 37.1±8.5 36.5±8.1 36.9±8.3 0.466
≧35 23（62.2％） 16（53.3％） 39
＜35 14（37.8％） 14（46.7％） 28
抽菸習慣 ＜0.001*
有 26（70.3％） 6（20.0％） 32
無 11（29.7％） 24（80.0％） 35
包年 12.8±8.9 6.9±6.4 10.2±8.7 0.003*
喝酒習慣 0.109a
有 11（29.7％） 4（13.3％） 15
無 26（70.3％） 26（86.7％） 52
嚼檳榔習慣 0.0081*.a
有 10（27.0％） 1（3.0％） 8
無 27（73.0％） 29（97.0％） 59
P:性別、抽菸習慣-卡方檢定，年齡、抽菸包年-t-test, p *＜0.05
a: T-檢定或關連性(X2)檢定之 p-值(當有樣本數＜5 之情況時，關連性檢定改用 fisher，s exact 檢定)
46
表二.DMF 研究對象生化值比較a
暴露組(n=27) 平均值±標準差
對照組(n=30) 平均值±標準差
Pb值
麩氨酸草酸轉化脢
（AST）IU/L
30.4±10.1 23.9±8.1 0.009**
麩氨丙酮酸轉化脢
（ALT）IU/L
40.2±20.2 26.1±15.4 0.004**
肌酸酐mg/dL 1.0±0.1 0.8±0.2 ＜0.001**
膽固醇mg/dL 205.4±30.0 201.0±44.4 0.657 三酸甘油脂mg/dL 208.3±147.1 96.4±59.2 ＜0.001**
飯前血糖mg/dL 110.5±31.6 96.3±11.4 0.035* 收縮壓mmHg 135.8±15.0 123.9±21.0 0.018**
舒張壓mmHg 73.1±11.1 61.6±12.0 0.003**
脈搏 次/分 77.2±11.2 74.5±9.5 0.332 a：本研究對象暴露組有 10 名為新進勞工或外籍勞工
b：p-值為 t-test，*p＜0.05, **p＜0.01
47
無傷害 542（14.6） 636（21.2） 1178(17.6) 0.425 低度傷害 1151（31.1） 843（28.1） 1994(29.8) 0.093 中度傷害 1232（33.3） 971（32.4） 2203(32.9) 0.344 高度傷害 554（15.0） 410（13.7） 964(14.4) 0.770 完全傷害 221（6.0） 140（5.0） 361(5.4) 0.837
48
49
表五：DMF 高、中、低暴露組在不同傷害的 DNA 損傷細胞數
DNA 損傷細胞數
高暴露組 (A)
（n=10）
(平均值±標準差)
中暴露組(B)
（n=13）
(平均值±標準差)
低暴露組(C)
（n=9）
(平均值±標準差)
P1 P2 P3
無傷害 13.9±11.9 20.6±14.2 23.6±14.5 0.129 0.641 0.241 低度傷害 26.5±14.0 36.8±10.9 31.2±14.7 0.483 0.322 0.061 中度傷害 29.3±25.1 25.2±10.6 28.9±26.5 0.972 0.697 0.633 高度傷害 20.1±17.4 13.1±10.7 10.0±6.9 0.115 0.456 0.245 完全傷害 10.2±11.9 4.4±4.9 6.3±6.4 0.396 0.425 0.172 DNA 損傷積分 186.2±45.0 143.8±40.8 144.1±38.1 0.043* 0.987 0.028*
P1：高暴露組與低暴露組t-test P2：中暴露組與低暴露組t-test P3：高暴露組與中暴露組t-test
*：p＜0.05
50
表六：DMF 之 DNA 損傷程度與干擾因素複迴歸 迴歸係數 標準差 p
常數 149.011 65.751 0.032*
DMF(高暴露照 /中低暴露照)
17.151 8.555 0.055
性別（女/男） -15.532 31.508 0.626 年齡（歲） 6.533E-02 1.063 0.951 吸菸習慣（有/無） 21.271 17.002 0.222
*：p＜0.05
51
圖一、DMF 濕式製程
圖二、DMF 乾式製程
圖三、DMF 回收區
52
圖四、DMF 在體內的代謝途徑【Kafferlein and Angerer1999(26)】
53
圖五、DMF 代謝物 MIC 在體內代謝情況
54 4.婚姻狀況： _____________○4
(1)未婚 (2)已婚 (3)離婚或分居 (4)鰥寡 5.教育程度：_____________○5
(1)不識字(沒讀過書) (2)國小學肄(畢)業 (3)初中(國中)畢業 (4)高中(高職)畢業 (5)專科(二專、五專)畢業 (6)大學 (7)研究所以上
註:如果國中肄業則算國小畢業，以此類推 6.宗教信仰： _____________○6
(1)道教(家裡有拜拜) (1)佛教 (2)天主/基督教 (3)回教 (4)無 (5)其它_______
7.職位： _____________○7
(1)主管階層(包含經理、課長、主任) (2)工程師 (3)助理工程師 (4)管理師 (5)助理管理師 (6)技術員(包含領班) (7)其它__________
8.作業課別： ○8
2.您曾經有吸菸習慣嗎? (指每週吸菸三天以上,持續半年) _____________○11 (1)否 (2)是，但現在已經戒菸 年 (答：否，請跳問第 5 題) 3.您是幾歲開始有吸菸習慣? _____________歲○12
4.在您有吸菸習慣的期間，平均每天抽幾支? ___________支(一包 20 支)○13 5.在您週遭是否有人吸菸? _____________○14
2.您曾經有喝酒習慣嗎? (指每週喝酒三天以上，持續半年)__________○18 (1)否 (2)是，但現在已經戒酒 (答：否，請跳問第四大題喝茶情況)
55
1.您目前是否有喝茶習慣? (指最近半年來，每週喝茶三天以上)_________○20 (1)否 (2)有 (答：有，請跳問第 3 題)
2.您曾經有喝茶習慣嗎? (指每週喝茶三天以上，持續半年)__________○21
(1)否 (2)是，但現在沒有喝茶習慣 (答：否，請跳問第五大題喝咖啡情況) 3.您是幾歲開始有喝茶的習慣?______________歲○22
4.在您有喝茶習慣的期間,請問您喝哪一種茶? _____________○23 (1)生茶(2)熟茶(3)半熟茶
註1.生茶：指未發酵茶，例如：綠茶；
註2.熟茶：指發酵茶,例如：紅茶；
註3.半熟茶：指半發酵茶，例如烏龍茶；
5.在您有喝茶習慣的期間，您平均每天喝多少杯? _____________○24 6.使用何種杯子? _______○25
(1)小茶杯(20c.c.) (2) 汽水杯(150c.c.) (3)紙杯（150 ㏄）(4)馬克杯(400c.c.) (5)寶特瓶(600c.c.)
五.喝咖啡的情況:
1.您目前是否有喝咖啡習慣? (指最近半年來，每週喝咖啡三天以上)_______○26 (1)否 (2)有 (答：有，請跳問第 3 題)
2.您曾經有喝咖啡習慣嗎? (指每週喝咖啡三天以上，持續半年)__________○27 (1)否 (2)有，但現在沒有喝咖啡習慣 (答：否，請跳問第六大題嚼檳榔情況) 3.您是幾歲開始有喝咖啡的習慣?______________歲○28
4. 在您有喝咖啡習慣的期間，請問您喝哪一種咖啡? _____________○29 (1)研磨咖啡 (2)即溶咖啡（三合一） (3).黑咖啡（4）.罐裝咖啡
註(1)研磨咖啡的咖啡因含量約 50mg/100mL (2)即溶咖啡的咖啡因含量約 30mg/100mL
5.在您有喝咖啡習慣的期間，您平均每天喝多少杯? _____________○30 6.使用何種容器? _______○31
(1)紙杯（150 ㏄）（2）咖啡杯（180 ㏄）(3)伯朗咖啡罐裝(250c.c.) (4)韋恩咖啡罐裝 (350c.c.) (5)馬克杯(400c.c.)
六.嚼檳榔情況:
1.您目前是否有嚼檳榔的習慣? (指最近半年來，每週嚼檳榔三天以上)_____ ○32
1.您目前是否有嚼檳榔的習慣? (指最近半年來，每週嚼檳榔三天以上)_____ ○32