本研究使用持久性散射體差分干涉(PSInSAR)分析 1995 年 4 月~1999 年 9 月 (ERS 衛星)、2004 年 6 月~2008 年 9 月(ENVISAT 衛星)及 2007 年 1 月~2010 年 2 月(ALOS 衛星)之影像，並結合水準測量及 GPS 速度場資料，針對臺灣西南部進行 地表變形特徵之分析，並進一步利用有限元素法 DynEarthSol2D 針對龍船斷層附 近觀察到之高異常變形進行變形機制之模擬。可將內容結論整理如下：
現地觀測不符，而岩石力學差異貢獻之抬升量極小，經綜合討論後，推論本 研究區域之變形機制主要受控於位於深度10 公里之覆疊構造及 5 公里之西 傾斷層，此外此西傾斷層位於古亭坑泥岩中的高壓層，屬較易滑動之斷層面，
可於龍船斷層西側貢獻約20 mm/yr 的垂直抬升量，與同區域之速度剖面 F1 結果相符。
（6） 臺灣西南部因造山荷重而形成一系列前陸盆地，沉積廣泛古亭坑泥岩，而又 因沉積速率快速、構造擠壓作用之下，於古亭坑泥岩中存在許多高壓帶，高 壓層易滑動特性使此區域較不易累積能量，因此歷史地震紀錄相對較少，較 不易產生災害性大地震。
（7） 高壓層易被觸發滑動的特性，仍會受到鄰近區域之大地震所釋放之能量觸 發，而造成此研究區域有異常高之同震變形，例如今年年初發生之美濃地震，
即深部斷層面破裂後觸發淺部覆疊構造破裂。
（8） 為了更有效評估此區地震災害性，除了要加強研究變形前緣系統之盲斷層，
掌握新期構造之活動性，更需了解各構造弱帶位置(覆疊構造及高壓層)，預 防鄰近區域大地震所造成之間接影響。
參考文獻
吳樂群（1993）台灣南部旗山地區上部新第三系及第四系之沈積層序與演化。國立
萬分之一台灣活動斷層分佈圖說明，第二版。經濟部中央地質調查所特刊，第
立成功大學測量及空間資訊學系碩士論文，共102 頁。
第137-156 頁。
劉彥求（2013）龍船斷層地質調查。經濟部中央地質調查所 101 年度業務成果發表
Braun, J., & Sambridge, M. (1994). Dynamical Lagrangian Remeshing (DLR): A new
algorithm for solving large strain deformation problems and its application to fault-propagation folding. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 124(1), 211-220. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(94)00093-X.
Chen, S. C., Hsu, S. K., Wang, Y., Chung, S. H., Chen, P. C., Tsai, C. H., Liu, C. S., Lin, H. S. & Lee, Y. W. (2014). Distribution and characters of the mud diapirs and mud volcanoes off southwest Taiwan. J. Asian Earth Sci., 92, 201-214. doi:
10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.10.009.
Chen, Y. G., & Liu, T. K. (2000). Holocene uplift and subsidence along an active tectonic margin southwestern Taiwan. Quat. Sci. Rev., 19(9), 923-930. doi: 10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00076-1.
Chi, W. R. (1979). A biostratigraphic study of the Late Neogene sediments in the Kaohsiung area based on calcareous nannofossils. In Proc. Geol. Soc. China, Vol.
22, 121-144.
Chi, W. R. (1978). The late Neogene nannobiostratigraphy in the Tainan foothills region, southern Taiwan. Petroleum Geology of Taiwan, 15, 89-125.
Ching, K. E., Gourley, J. R., Lee, Y. H., Hsu, S. C., Chen, K. H., & Chen, C. L. (2016).
Rapid deformation rates due to development of diapiric anticline in southwestern Taiwan from geodetic observations. Tectonophysics.
doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.07.020
Ching, K. E., Rau, R. J., Johnson, K. M., Lee, J. C., & Hu, J. C. (2011). Present‐day kinematics of active mountain building in Taiwan from GPS observations during 1995–2005. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth, 116(B9). doi: 10.1029/2010JB008058.
Ching, K. E., Rau, R. J., Lee, J. C., & Hu, J. C. (2007). Contemporary deformation of
Choi, E., Tan, E., Lavier, L. L., & Calo, V. M. (2013). DynEarthSol2D: An efficient unstructured finite element method to study long‐term tectonic deformation. J.
Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth, 118(5), 2429-2444. doi: 10.1002/jgrb.50148.
Collier, J. T., & White, R. S. (1990). Mud diapirism within Indus fan sediments: Murray Ridge, Gulf of Oman. Geophys. J. Int., 101(2), 345-353. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb06573.x
Deffontaines, B., Lacombe, O., Angelier, J., Chu, H. T., Mouthereau, F., Lee, C. T., Deramond, J., Lee, J. F., Yu, M. S., & Liew, P. M. (1997). Quaternary transfer faulting in the Taiwan Foothills: evidence from a multisource approach.
Tectonophysics, 274(1), 61-82. doi. 10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00298-3.
Doo, W. B., Hsu, S. K., Lo, C. L., Chen, S. C., Tsai, C. H., Lin, J. Y., ... & Ma, Y. F. (2015).
Gravity anomalies of the active mud diapirs off southwest Taiwan. Geophys. J. Int., 203(3), 2089-2098. doi: 10.1093/gji/ggv430
Farrell, P. E., & Maddison, J. R. (2011). Conservative interpolation between volume meshes by local Galerkin projection. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 200(1), 89-100. doi: 10.1016/j.cma.2010.07.015.
Feng, L., Bartholomew, M. J., & Choi, E. (2015). Spatial arrangement of décollements as a control on the development of thrust faults. J. Struct. Geol., 75, 49-59. doi:
10.1016/j.jsg.2015.03.002
Ferretti, A., Prati, C., & Rocca, F. (2000). Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens.
Lett., 38(5), 2202-2212. doi: 10.1109/36.868878.
Fruneau, B., Pathier, E., Raymond, D., Deffontaines, B., Lee, C.-T., Wang, H.-T., Angelier, J., Rudant, J.-P., Chang, C.-P. (2001) Uplift of Tainan Tableland (SW Taiwan) revealed by SAR interferometry. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3071–3076. doi:
10.1029/2000GL012437.
Gourley, J. R., Lee, Y., & Ching, K. (2012, December). Vertical fault mapping within the Gutingkeng Formation of southern Taiwan: implications for sub-aerial mud diapir tectonics. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (Vol. 1, p. 2699).
Hickman, J. B., Wiltschko, D. V., Hung, J. H., Fang, P., & Bock, Y. (2002). Structure and evolution of the active fold-and-thrust belt of southwestern Taiwan form Global Positioning System analysis. Geology and Geophysics of an Arc-Continent Collision, Taiwan. Geol. Soc. Spec. Pap., 358, 93-106. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2358-2.75.
Hicks, S. P., & Rietbrock, A. (2015). Seismic slip on an upper-plate normal fault during a large subduction megathrust rupture. Nat. Geosci., 8(12), 955-960. doi:
10.1038/ngeo2585.
Hooper, A., Bekaert, D., Spaans, K., & Arıkan, M. (2012). Recent advances in SAR interferometry time series analysis for measuring crustal deformation.
Tectonophysics, 514, 1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.10.013.
Hooper, A., Segall, P., & Zebker, H. (2007). Persistent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar for crustal deformation analysis, with application to Volcán Alcedo, Galápagos. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth, 112(B7). doi: doi: 10.1029/2006JB004763.
Hooper, A., Zebker, H., Segall, P., & Kampes, B. (2004). A new method for measuring deformation on volcanoes and other natural terrains using InSAR persistent scatterers. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(23). doi: 10.1029/2004GL021737.
Hsieh, C. S., Shih, T. Y., Hu, J. C., Tung, H., Huang, M. H., & Angelier, J. (2011). Using differential SAR interferometry to map land subsidence: a case study in the Pingtung Plain of SW Taiwan. Nat. Hazards, 58(3), 1311-1332. doi:
10.1007/s11069-011-terraces in the southern Western Foothills, Taiwan: A guide to interpreting and correlating erosional river terraces across growing anticlines. SPECIAL PAPERS- Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 55-74. doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2358-2.55.
Hsieh, S. H. (1972). Subsurface geology and gravity anomalies of the Tainan and Chungchou structures of the coastal plain of southwestern Taiwan. Petrol. Geol.
Taiwan, 10, 323-338.
Hsieh, S. H. (1970) Geology and gravity anomalies of the Pingtung Plain, Taiwan.
Proceedings of the Geol. Soc. China 13, 76-89.
Hsu, Y. J., Yu, S. B., Kuo, L. C., Tsai, Y. C., & Chen, H. Y. (2011). Coseismic deformation of the 2010 Jiashian, Taiwan earthquake and implications for fault activities in southwestern Taiwan. Tectonophysics, 502(3), 328-335.
doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.02.005.
Hu, C. C., & Sheen, H. C. (1989). An evaluation of the hydrocarbon potential of the Niushan and Lungtien structures in the Tainan area. Petrol. Geol. Taiwan, 25, 11-34.
Hu, J. C., Hou, C. S., Shen, L. C., Chan, Y. C., Chen, R. F., Huang, C., ... & Nien, P. F.
(2007). Fault activity and lateral extrusion inferred from velocity field revealed by GPS measurements in the Pingtung area of southwestern Taiwan. J. Asian Earth Sci., 31(3), 287-302. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.07.020.
Hu, J. C., Angelier, J., & Yu, S. B. (1997). An interpretation of the active deformation of southern Taiwan based on numerical simulation and GPS studies. Tectonophysics, 274(1), 145-169. doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00302-2.
Huang, H. H., Wu, Y. M., Song, X., Chang, C. H., Lee, S. J., Chang, T. M., & Hsieh, H.
H. (2014). Joint Vp and Vs tomography of Taiwan: Implications for subduction-collision orogeny. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 392, 177-191.
doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.02.026.
Huang, M. H., Tung, H., Fielding, E. J., Huang, H. H., Liang, C., Huang, C., & Hu, J. C.
(2016). Multiple fault slip triggered above the 2016 Mw 6.4 MeiNong earthquake in Taiwan. Geophys. Res. Lett., 43(14), 7459-7467. doi: 10.1002/2016GL069351.
Huang, M. H., Hu, J. C., Ching, K. E., Rau, R. J., Hsieh, C. S., Pathier, E., Fruneau, B. &
Deffontaines, B. (2009). Active deformation of Tainan tableland of southwestern Taiwan based on geodetic measurements and SAR interferometry. Tectonophysics, 466(3), 322-334. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.020.
Huang, M. H., Hu, J. C., Hsieh, C. S., Ching, K. E., Rau, R. J., Pathier, E., Fruneau, B. &
Deffontaines, B. (2006). A growing structure near the deformation front in SW Taiwan as deduced from SAR interferometry and geodetic observation. Geophys.
Res. Lett., 33(12). doi: 10.1029/2005GL025613.
Huang, S. T., Yang, K. M., Hung, J. H., Wu, J. C., Ting, H. H., Mei, W. W., Hsu, S.-H. &
Lee, M. (2004). Deformation front development at the northeast margin of the Tainan basin, Tainan–Kaohsiung area, Taiwan. Mar. Geophys. Res., 25(1-2), 139-156. doi:10.1007/s11001-005-0739-z
Lacombe, O., Angelier, J., Mouthereau, F., Chu, H. T., Deffontaines, B., Lee, J. C., Rocher M. Chen R. F.& Siame, L. (2004). The Liuchiu Hsu island offshore SW Taiwan:
tectonic versus diapiric anticline development and comparisons with onshore structures. C. R. Geosci., 336(9), 815-825.
Lacombe, O., Mouthereau, F., Angelier, J., & Deffontaines, B. (2001). Structural, geodetic and seismological evidence for tectonic escape in SW Taiwan.
Tectonophysics, 333(1), 323-345. doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00281-X.
Lacombe, O., Mouthereau, F., Deffontaines, B., Angelier, J., Chu, H. T., & Lee, C. T.
Lillesand, T., Kiefer, R. W., & Chipman, J. (2000). Remote sensing and image interpretation, 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons.
Lin, K. C., Delouis, B., Hu, J. C., Nocquet, J. M., & Mozziconacci, L. (2015). Reassessing the complexity of the rupture of the 2010 Jia-Shian earthquake (Mw 6.2) in Southwestern Taiwan by inverting jointly teleseismic, strong-motion and CGPS data.
Tectonophysics. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.09.015.
Lin, K. C., Hu, J. C., Ching, K. E., Angelier, J., Rau, R. J., Yu, S. B., Tsai, C. H. Shin, T.
C. & Huang, M. H. (2010). GPS crustal deformation, strain rate, and seismic activity after the 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake in Taiwan. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth, 115(B7).
doi: 10.1029/2009JB006417.
Pan. Y. S. (1968). Interpretaion and seismic coordination of the Bouguer gravity anomalies obtained in southwestern Taiwan. Petrol. Geol. Taiwan, 6, 197-207.
Schmidt, D. A., & Bürgmann, R. (2003). Time‐dependent land uplift and subsidence in the Santa Clara valley, California, from a large interferometric synthetic aperture radar data set. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth, 108(B9). doi: 10.1029/2002JB002267 Shyu, J. B. H., Sieh, K., Chen, Y. G., & Liu, C. S. (2005). Neotectonic architecture of Taiwan and its implications for future large earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth, 110(B8). doi: 10.1029/2004JB003251
Simo, J. C., & Hughes, T. J. (2004), Computational Inelasticity, Springer, New York.
Sun, S. C. (1965) Geology and petroleum potentialities of the Chingshui- Yuanlin area, Taiwan: Petrol. Geol. Taiwan, 4, 161-173.
Sun, S. C. (1964) Photogeologic study of the Tainan-Kaohsiung coastal plain area, Taiwan, Petrol. Geol. Taiwan, 3, 39-51.
Teng, L. S., & Lee, C. T. (1996). Geomechanical appraisal of seismogenic faults in northeast Taiwan. J. Geol. Soc. China, 39(2), 125-142.
Teng, L. S. (1987). Stratigraphic records of the late Cenozoic Penglai orogeny of Taiwan.
Acta Geologica Taiwanica, 25, p. 205-224.
Tsai, M. C., Yu, S. B., Shin, T. C., Kuo, K. W., Leu, P. L., Chang, C. H., & Ho, M. Y.
(2015). Velocity Field Derived from Taiwan Continuous GPS Array (2007-2013).
Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 26(5). doi: 10.3319/TAO.2015.05.21.01(T)
Wu, Y. Y., Hu, J. C., Lin, G. P., Chang, C. P., Tung, H., & Lu, C. H. (2013). Transient active deformation in Tainan tableland using persistent scatterers SAR interferometry. Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 184(4-5), 441-450.
doi: 10.2113/gssgfbull.184.4-5.441
Yang, C. C. B. (2007). Seismogenic Structure of the Chiayi-Tainan Area and The Long-term Slip Rates of Frontal Thrust Faults in Southwestern Taiwan. National Taiwan University, Taipei.
Yang, K. M., Huang, S. T., Wu, J. C., Ting, H. H., & Mei, W. W. (2010). Review and new insights on foreland tectonics in western Taiwan. Int. Geol. Rev., 48(10), 910-941.
doi: 10.2747/0020-6814.48.10.910
Yassir, N. (2003). The role of shear stress in mobilizing deep-seated mud volcanoes:
geological and geomechanical evidence from Trinidad and Taiwan. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 216(1), 461-474.
doi: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.216.01.30
Yu, S. B., Chen, H. Y., & Kuo, L. C. (1997). Velocity field of GPS stations in the Taiwan area. Tectonophysics, 274(1), 41-59.
Zebker, H. A., & Villasenor, J. (1992). Decorrelation in interferometric radar echoes.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 30(5), 950-959. doi: 10.1109/36.175330