參考文獻:
1 M. Pope, H. P. Kallmann, P. Magnante, "Electroluminescence in Organic Crystals", Journal of Chemistry Physics, 38, 2024, 1963
2 C. W. Tang, S. A. VanSlyke, "Organic electroluminescent diodes", Applied Physics Letters, 51(12), 913, September 1987
3 J. H. Burroughes, et al., "Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers", Nature, 347, 539, October 1990
4 C. W. Tang, S. A. VanSlyke, C. H. Chen, "Electroluminescence of doped organic thin film", Journal of Applied Physics, 65, 3610, January 1989
5 陳金鑫,黃孝文,OLED:有機電激發光材料與元件,初版,台灣,五 南圖書出版,民國九十四年
6 Q. Pei, et al., "Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells", Science, 269, 1086, August 1995
7 J. D. Slinker, et al., "Electroluminescent devics from ionic transition metal complexes", Journal of Materials Chemistry, 17, 2976 , June 2007
8 J. Kido, et al., "White light‐emitting organic electroluminescent devices using the poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) emitter layer doped with three fluorescent dyes", Applied Physics Letters, 64, 815, November 1993
9 B. W. D’Andrade, S. R. Forrest, "White Organic Light-Emitting Devices for Solid-State Lighting", Advanced Materials, 16, 1585, September 2004
10 X. Gong, et al., "Multilayer Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes: White-Light Emission with High Efficiency", Advanced Materials, 17, 2053, September 2005
11 J. Huang, et al., "Achieving High-Efficiency Polymer White-Light-Emitting Devices", Advanced Materials, 18, 114, January 2006
12 C. W. Tang, S. A. VanSlyke, "Organic electroluminescent diodes", Applied Physics Letters, 51, 913, July 1987
13 J. H. Burroughes, et al., "Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated
polymer", Nature, 347, 539, October 1990
14 Y. Yang, Q. Pei, "Efficient blue-green and white light-emitting electrochemical cells based on poly[9,9-bis(3,6-dioxaheptyl)-fluorene-2,7-diyl]", Journal of Applied Physics, 81, 3294, December 1996
15 M. Sun, et al., "A Fluorene−Oxadiazole Copolymer for White Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells", Macromolecules, 43, 1714, January 2010
16 J.-K. Lee, et al., "Thin film light emitting devices from an electroluminescent ruthenium complex", Applied Physics Letters, 69, 1686, July 1996
17 C. H. Lyons, E. D. Abbas, J.-K. Lee, M. F. Rubner, "Solid-State Light-Emitting Devices Based on the Trischelated Ruthenium(II) Complex.
1. Thin Film Blends with Poly(ethylene oxide)", Journal of the American Chemical Society, 120, 12100, November 1998
18 F. G. Gao, A. J. Bard, "Solid-State Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Tris(2,2‘-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Complexes", Journal of the American Chemical Society, 122, 7426, July 2000
19 H. Rudmann, M. F. Rubner, "Single layer light-emitting devices with high efficiency and long lifetime based on tris(2,2′ bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate", Journal of Applied Physics, 90, 4338, August 2001
20 H. Rudmann, S. Shimada, M. F. Rubner, "Solid-State Light-Emitting Devices Based on the Tris-Chelated Ruthenium(II) Complex. 4. High-Efficiency Light-Emitting Devices Based on Derivatives of the Tris(2,2‘-bipyridyl) Ruthenium(II) Complex", Journal of the American Chemical Society, 124, 4918, April 2002
21 G. Kalyuzhny, et al., "Stability of Thin-Film Solid-State Electroluminescent Devices Based on Tris(2,2‘-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Complexes", Journal of the American Chemical Society, 125, 6272, April 2003
22 J. D. Slinker, et al., "Solid-state electroluminescent device based on transition maetal complexes", Chemical Communications, 2392, July 2003
23 H. Rudmann, S. Shimada, M. F. Rubner, "Operational mechanism of light-emitting devices based on Ru(II) complexes: Evidence for electrochemical junction formation", Journal of Applied Physics, 94, 115, April 2003
24 J. D. Slinker, et al., "Efficient Yellow Electroluminescence from a Single Layer of a Cyclometalated Iridium Complex", Journal of the American Chemical Society, 126, 2763, February 2004
25 A. R. Hosseini, et al., "Addition of a Phosphorescent Dopant in Electroluminescent Devices from Ionic Transition Metal Complexes", Chemistry of Materials, 17, 6114, October 2005
26 J. D. Slinker, "Green electroluminescence from an ionic iridium complex", Applied Physics Letters, 86, 173506, April 2005
27 S. T. Parker, et al., "Improved Turn-on Times of Iridium Electroluminescent Devices by Use of Ionic Liquids", Chemistry of Materials, 17, 3187, June 2005
28 M. S. Lowry, et al., "Single-Layer Electroluminescent Devices and Photoinduced Hydrogen Production from an Ionic Iridium(III) Complex", Chemistry of Materials, 17, 5712, October 2005
29 A. B. Tamayo, et al., "Cationic Bis-cyclometalated Iridium(III) Diimine Complexes and Their Use in Efficient Blue, Green, and Red Electroluminescent Devices", Inorganic Chemistry, 44, 8723, November 2005
30 N. Armaroli, et al., "Highly Luminescent CuI Complexes for Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells", Advanced Materials, 18, 1313, May 2006
31 H. J. Bolink, et al., "Efficient and Stable Solid-State Light-Emitting
Electrochemical Cell Using
Tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II)
Hexafluorophosphate", Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128, 46, December 2005
32 H. J. Bolink, et al., "Stable Single-Layer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell Using 4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-bis(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) Hexafluorophosphate", Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128, 14786, October 2006
33 Q. Zhang, et al., "Highly Efficient Electroluminescence from Green-Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on CuI Complexes", Advanced Functional Materials, 16, 1203, May 2006
34 Md. K. Nazeeruddin, et al., "Efficient Green-Blue-Light-Emitting Cationic Iridium Complex for Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells", Inorganic Chemistry, 45, 9245, October 2006
35 H. J. Bolink, et al., "Green Light-Emitting Solid-State Electrochemical Cell Obtained from a Homoleptic Iridium(III) Complex Containing Ionically Charged Ligands", Chemistry of Materials, 18, 2778, May 2006
36 H.-C. Su, et al., "Highly Efficient Orange and Green Solid-State Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on Cationic IrIII Complexes with Enhanced Steric Hindrance", Advanced Functional Materials, 17, 1019, April 2007
37 H.-C. Su, et al., "Efficient solid-state host-guest light-emitting electrochemical cells based on cationic transition metal complexes", Applied Physics Letters, 89, 261118, Decebmer 2006
38 J. D. Slinker, et al., "Electroluminescent devices from ionic transition metal complexes", Journal Materials Chemistry, 17, 2976, 2007
39 L. He, et al., "Blue-Emitting Cationic Iridium Complexes with 2-(1H-Pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine as the Ancillary Ligand for Efficient Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells", Advenced Functional Materials, 18, 2123, July 2008
40 E. Zysman-Colman, et al., "Improved Turn-On Times of Light-Emitting
Electrochemical Cell", Chemistry of Materials, 20, 388, December 2008
41 H.-C. Su, et al., "Solid-State White Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Using Iridium-Based Cationic Transition Metal Complexes", Journal of American Chemical Society, 130, 3413, February 2008.
42 S. Graber, et al., "A supramolecularly-caged ionic iridium(III) complex yielding bright and very stable solid-state light-emitting electrochemical cells", Journal of American Chemical Society, 130, 14944, October 2008
43 H. J. Bolink, et al., "Long-Living Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells – Control through Supramolecular Interactions", Advanced Materials, 20, 3910, October 2008
44 H. J. Bolink, et al., "Near-Quantitative Internal Quantum Efficiency in a Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells" , Inorganic Chemistry, 47, 9149, September 2008
45 H.-C. Su, et al., "Decreased Turn-On Times of Single-Component Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells by Tethering an Ionic Iridium Complex with Imidazolium Moieties", Chemistry an Asian Journal, 3, 1922, November 2008.
46 T.-H. Kwon, et al., "New Approach Toward Fast Response Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on Neutral Iridium Complexes via Cation Transport", Advanced Functional Materials, 19, 711, March 2009
47 L. He, et al., "Toward Highly Efficient Solid-State White Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells: Blue-Green to Red Emitting Cationic Iridium Complexes with Imidazole-Type Ancillary Ligands", Advanced Functional Materials, 19, 2950, September 2009
48 C. Rothe, et al., "Ionic Iridium(III) Complexes with Bulky Side Groups for Use in Light Emitting Cells: Reduction of Concentration Quenching", Advanced Functional Materials, 19, 2038, July 2009
49 R. D. Costa, et al., "Archetype Cationic Iridium Complexes and Their Use in Solid-State Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells", Advanced Functional
Materials, 19, 3456, 2009
50 R. D. Costa, et al., "Two are not always better than one: ligand optimisation for long-living light-emitting electrochemical cells", Chemical Communications, 2029, 2009
51 L. He, et al., "Highly Efficient Blue-Green and White Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on a Cationic Iridium Complex with a Bulky Side Group", Chemistry of Materials, 22, 3535, May 2010
52 R. D. Costa, et al., "Intramolecular pi-stacking in a phenylpyrazole-based iridium complex and its use in light-emitting electrochemical cells", Journal of American Chemical Society, 132, 5978, May 2010
53 R. D. Costa, et al., "Efficient and Long-Living Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells", Advanced Functional Materials, 20, 1511, May 2010
54 M. Mydlak,et al., "Positively Charged Iridium(III) Triazole Derivatives as Blue Emitters for Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells", Advanced Functional Materials, 20, 1812, June 2010
55 H.-C. Su, et al., "Solid-state light-emitting electrochemical cells employing phosphor-sensitized fluorescence", Journal Materials Chemistry, 20, 5521, 2010
56 C.-H. Yang, et al., "Iridium metal complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands for blue-light-emitting electrochemical cells", Inorganic Chemistry, 49, 9891, November 2010
57 J. C. deMello, "Organic electronics: What’s in a name? ", Nature Materials, 6, 796, November 2007
58 C. Yumusak, N. S. Sariciftci, "Organic electrochemical light emitting field effect transistors", Applied physics letters, 97, 033302, June 2010
59 S. van Reenen, et al., "A Unifying Model for the Operation of Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells", Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132, 13776, May 2010
60 Colorimety, Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE), Paris, 1986.
61 Method of Measuring and Specifying Colour Rendering Properties of Light Sources, Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE), Paris, 1974.
62 G. Wyszecki, and W. S. Stiles, Color Science - Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 2nd edn, 2000.