「派遣勞動」是涉及一三方當事人的互動關係;在此互動關係中,「派遣公 司」與「要派公司」對派遣勞工權益的影響都扮演著相當重要的角色與功能。正 因為如此,「派遣勞動」突破傳統的勞雇關係架構,將傳統一對一的勞雇關係改 變成為一對二的勞雇關係。結果,就某種程度而言,受僱的「派遣勞工」於是就 面臨「誰是雇主」的認知與認同之問題。無論是根據以往的調查發現(成之約,
民91、民95)的調查發現,私部門「派遣勞工」確實存在著雇主認同與混淆的情 形。同時,根據以往根據調查發現,私部門派遣勞工對於派遣公司的認同與組織 承諾傾向相對偏低。儘管派遣勞工也會加班或在工作上有所表現,也多是基於對 於主管情誼或指揮監督上的接受或認同,而不盡然是對於組織的承諾或認同。在 許多正向支持或認同的問項中,無論於公或於私,受訪派遣勞工確實表露出對要 派公司較高的認同或承諾的態度。(成之約,民95)
然而,針對公部門派遣勞工的組織承諾的調查發現,結果似乎與針對私部門 派遣勞工的調查結果相當不一致。若針對受訪者基本資料與對要派單位和派遣公 司的認同與組織承諾程度分別進行交叉分析,可以獲得以下的調查發現:
一、 就性別而言,男性對要派單位有較高的認同與組織承諾程度,而女性派遣 勞工則對派遣公司有較高的認同與組織承諾程度。
二、 除年齡在25歲或以下、年齡在36~40歲和年齡在41~45歲的派遣勞工對要派 公司與派遣公司的的認同與組織承諾程度相當外,其餘年齡層的派遣勞工 則對派遣公司或要派單位認同與組織承諾程度不一。
三、 除專科和大學教育程度的派遣勞工對要派單位與派遣公司的認同與組織承 諾程度相當外,其餘不同教育程度的派遣勞工則對派遣公司或要派單位認 同與組織承諾程度不一。
四、 就婚姻狀況而言,除「未婚」的派遣勞工對要派單位與派遣公司的認同與 組織承諾程度相當外,其餘則對派遣公司有較高的組織承諾。
五、 除工作期間介於「未滿六個月」、「1年以上~2年」和「2年以上~3年」、
之派遣勞工對要派單位與派遣公司的認同與組織承諾程度相當外,其餘則 對派遣公司或要派單位認同與組織承諾程度不一。
六、 除從事「專案經理」的派遣勞工對要派單位有較高的認同與組織承諾程度 相當外,其餘則對要派單位與派遣公司的認同與組織承諾程度相當。
換言之,針對公部門派遣勞工的組織承諾調查可知,派遣勞工對於派遣公 司的組織承諾傾向程度相當的高,與私部門的調查發現顯有差異。究其因,私部 門派遣勞工存在著成為正職員工的想法與可能性,而公部門派遣勞工要想成為公 部門正職員工的可能性相對較低。結果,才會產生兩者間在組織承諾上呈現不一 致的傾向。
由調查與統計結果可知,「派遣公司」在公部門派遣勞工心目中顯然佔據較 重要的地位。究其因,或許與派遣勞工的工作與「派遣公司」是否能承攬政府勞 務委外的計畫息息相關,因而較容易產生「休戚與共」的感覺。或許正因為公部 門派遣勞工對「派遣公司」有較強的認知與承諾程度,無論是在法制或管理實務 層面,「派遣公司」理應發揮符合派遣勞工期望的角色與功能。當然,這並非意 味「要派單位」無需承擔雇主的責任與義務。因為,根據調查發現,公部門派遣 勞工對「要派單位」仍存在著一定程度的組織承諾,「要派單位」也應該發會一 定程度雇主的責任與義務。
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