本研究規範台灣招潮蟹棲地特徵為:粒徑小於 0.125mm,土壤質地屬於粉泥 土或極細砂土;粉泥/黏土含量大於 60%;累積浸沒潮時小於 40 小時,以麥寮地 區為例,該區之高程則介於 1.5~2.5 公尺,台灣招潮蟹棲地以粒徑、粉泥/黏土含 量與累積浸沒潮時等三點為最重要因素。台灣招潮蟹棲地在空間上分布於高潮 區,且族群具有聚集性。棲地之植被覆蓋度不應過高,土壤篩選度能部分反映之。
土壤篩選度、含水量、有機質含量與氧化層深度與台灣招潮蟹之分布具有線性關 係存在,但非最重要影響因素。
本研究中未討論植被、潮溪因子等可能切割或影響台灣招潮蟹棲地之異質單 元,未來若能進一步釐清異質單元的明確影響力,對於台灣招潮蟹的棲地特徵與 營造能更有助益。
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表1、Spearman 等級相關係數表(Spearman rank Coefficients, n=18)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 氧化層深度 1 -0.299 -0.608 0.610 0.023 -0.433 -0.097 0.875
n.s. ** ** n.s. * n.s. ***
2 土壤含水量 1 0.228 -0.350 0.015 0.516 0.278 -0.249 n.s. n.s. n.s. * n.s. n.s.
3 粉泥/黏土含量 1 -0.938 -0.197 0.413 0.173 -0.524
*** n.s. * n.s. **
4 粒徑 1 0.090 -0.499 -0.199 0.501
n.s. ** n.s. **
5 土壤篩選係數 1 0.094 0.207 0.037
n.s. n.s. n.s.
6 全有機碳 1 0.737 -0.378
*** n.s.
7 全氮 1 -0.176
n.s.
8 累積浸沒時間 1
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表2、主成分解釋量表
特徵值 差異 解釋變異量% 累積解釋變異量%
主成分 1 3.4619 1.7596 0.4327 0.4327
主成分 2 1.7023 0.5218 0.2128 0.6455
主成分 3 1.1805 0.4801 0.1476 0.7931
主成分4 0.7004 0.1817 0.0875 0.8806
表3、前三主成份之因子解釋量表
第一主成分 第二主成分 第三主成分
氧化層深度 -0.4153 0.3799 0.2153
土壤含水量 0.2723 0.4180 -0.0821
粉泥/黏土含量 0.3918 -0.2153 0.0686
粒徑 -0.3989 0.1709 -0.4587
土壤篩選係數 0.2113 0.1634 0.7496
全有機碳 0.4063 0.3975 -0.2166
全氮 0.2975 0.5102 -0.2050
累積浸沒時間 -0.3777 0.4005 0.2845
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表 4、判別函數解釋量表
判別函數 特徵值 解釋變異量% 累積解釋變異量%
1 3.502 82.1 82.1
2 0.762 17.9 100.0
判別函數1 判別函數2
粒徑 0.377 -0.101
粉泥/黏土含量 -0.117 -0.040
土壤篩選係數 -0.330 -0.801
全有機碳 -0.734 0.045
全氮 0.800 0.755
土壤含水量 0.260 0.499
氧化層深度 -0.255 0.005
累積浸沒潮時 1.120 -0.052
表 5、標準化判別函數係數
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圖1、台灣招潮蟹型態
a、 雄性台灣招潮蟹具有一潔白大螯
b、 台灣招潮蟹的灰黑色背甲,底部多具一淡色橫帶 c、 雌性台灣招潮稚蟹
a. b.
c.
圖2、 麥寮研究區(紅點為本研究所劃設之樣點)
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高程
潮汐
土壤粒徑
篩選度 含水量 有機質
台灣招潮蟹棲地
氧化還原層深度 粉泥/黏土含量
圖3、影響台灣招潮蟹棲地之假設模式
點狀高程資料 格式轉換
點狀高程.cvs 浸沒時間資料 格式轉換 逐時潮水高度
內插轉換
數值地形模式 浸沒時間.cvs
浸沒時間模式 內插轉換
圖4、空間資料操作流程
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圖 6、新竹海山罟 DEM
DEM(公尺)
圖 5、麥寮濕地 DEM
DEM(公尺)
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DEM(公尺)
圖7、伸港 DEM, 紅色框線內代表人工走道與堤防; 左側為 2006 年;右側為 2008 年
DEM(公尺)
47 累積浸沒潮時(hr)
累積浸沒潮時(hr)
圖 8、麥寮濕地累積浸沒潮時圖
圖 9、新竹海山罟累積浸沒潮時圖
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累積浸沒潮時(hr)
圖 10、伸港累積浸沒潮時圖, 左側為 2006 年;右側為 2008 年
49 圖 11、麥寮坡度圖
坡 坡度(度)
坡度 (度)
圖 12、新竹海山罟坡度圖
50 圖 13、伸港坡度圖, 左側為 2006 年;右側為 2008 年
坡度(度)
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累積浸沒潮時
a、二月累積浸沒時數分布圖 b、五月累積浸沒時數分布圖
c、八月累積浸沒時數分布圖 d、十一月累積浸沒時數分布圖
(hr)
圖14、麥寮地區之四季累積浸沒潮時變化圖
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(ind/m2)
Crab density
清白招潮蟹 弧邊招潮蟹 台灣招潮蟹
(離岸距離,公尺)
圖 15、三種招潮蟹之離岸距離與族群數量分布圖
台灣招潮蟹 弧邊招潮蟹 清白招潮蟹 圖 16、台灣招潮蟹族群之空間高程分布圖,
數字表示為台灣招潮蟹族群密度(隻數/平方公尺)
DEM(公尺)
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台灣招潮蟹 弧邊招潮蟹 清白招潮蟹 圖 18、台灣招潮蟹族群之累積浸沒潮時分布圖
數字表示為台灣招潮蟹族群密度(隻數/平方公尺)
累積浸沒潮時(hr)
台灣招潮蟹 弧邊招潮蟹 清白招潮蟹 圖 17、台灣招潮蟹族群之坡度分布圖,
數字表示為台灣招潮蟹族群密度(隻數/平方公尺)
坡度(度)
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Crab density
(m)
Moran’s I 均值 Moran’s I 最大值
圖 19、生物因子之空間自相關表現
Sorting coefficient
圖 20a、兩環境因子之空間自相關表現
(m) (m)
Inundated time
Moran’s I 均值 Moran’s I 最大值
(m) (m)
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圖 20b、六環境因子之空間自相關表現
Moran’s I 均值 Moran’s I 最大值
TOC TN
Silt/clay content Grain
Water content
(m) (m)
(m) (m)
Depth of the oxidation layer
(m) (m)
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(hour)
crab density (ind/m2) crab density (ind/m2)
(mm)
(cm) (%)
crab density (ind/m2) crab density (ind/m2) crab density (ind/m2)
crab density (ind/m2)
圖21a、六項環境因子與台灣招潮蟹族群密度之散佈表現
57
crab density (ind/m2) Crab density (ind/m2)
圖21b、有機質與台灣招潮蟹族群密度之散佈表現
c.
b.
a.
圖22、樣點主成分分布圖 a、主成分一、二軸分布;
b、主成分一、三軸分布;
c、主成分二、三軸分布
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圖23、 三類棲地類型之典型變數分布, 1 為良好之台灣招潮蟹棲地;
2 為普級台灣招潮蟹棲地;
3 為劣級台灣招潮蟹棲地
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GPS 樣點 附錄一
樣點 經度(度) 緯度(度)
A1 120.22298 23.82596 A2 120.22261 23.82606 A3 120.22222 23.82619 A4 120.22184 23.82623 A5 120.22145 23.82633 A6 120.22098 23.82641 B1 120.22324 23.8247°
B2 120.22288 23.82485 B3 120.22253 23.82499 B4 120.22216 23.82515 B5 120.22179 23.82528 B6 120.22143 23.82544 C1 120.22278 23.82385 C2 120.22247 23.82399 C3 120.22204 23.82417 C4 120.22168 23.82432 C5 120.22134 23.82447 C6 120.22098 23.82462
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附錄三 香山濕地(海山罟)樣點設計
A 區
B 區
C 區
D 區
圖中樣點為本研究所設置,根據謝(2005)所劃分之四研究區
設置四條穿越線,圖中樣點分別為A1~A6;B1~B6;C1~C6;D1~D6 由北至南分別為A~D 區,藍色線代表潮溪分佈處。北側與南
側各具一潮溪,北側與海山漁港連接,南側直接與台灣海峽連接。
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附錄三 底質分析結果(海山罟)
樣點 氧化層深(cm) 含水量(%) 粉泥/黏土含量 粒徑(mm) 篩選係數 全有機碳 全氮 累積浸沒時間(hr) 台招密度(ind/m2) 判別棲地類型 A1 25.67 19.579 0.696 0.042 1.226 0.18 0.03 1 0.80 1 A2 32.33 19.972 0.689 0.039 1.757 0.14 0.02 63 0.04 2 A3 31.33 16.628 0.403 0.086 1.384 0.24 0.03 92 0.04 3 A4 54.67 16.989 0.321 0.089 1.303 0.05 0.01 95 0.00 3 A5 25.33 21.880 0.667 0.040 1.347 0.12 0.02 71 0.00 3 A6 38.67 22.506 0.654 0.046 1.530 0.26 0.04 51 0.04 2 A 區平均 34.67 19.592 0.572 0.057 1.424 0.17 0.02 62.17 0.15
B1 40.83 20.794 0.396 0.065 1.241 0.59 0.07 13 0.08 1 B2 43.67 20.530 0.373 0.074 1.273 0.38 0.05 35 0.00 1 B3 30.00 22.670 0.539 0.049 1.383 0.37 0.04 39 0.00 1 B4 37.67 23.635 0.555 0.051 1.443 0.18 0.03 46 0.02 2 B5 48.00 20.316 0.201 0.095 0.860 0.25 0.03 47 0.00 2 B6 45.00 18.976 0.279 0.072 1.237 0.25 0.04 47 0.00 2 B 區平均 40.86 21.154 0.390 0.068 1.239 0.34 0.04 37.83 0.02
C1 12.00 19.932 0.011 0.212 0.389 0.31 0.04 35 0.00 2 C2 42.17 21.345 0.534 0.053 1.296 0.21 0.03 54 0.00 2 C3 60.67 19.100 0.159 0.108 0.804 0.06 0.01 60 0.00 2 C4 49.50 18.834 0.092 0.124 0.690 0.05 0.01 49 0.00 2 C5 44.33 23.008 0.343 0.075 1.158 0.05 0.01 65 0.00 2 C6 58.67 22.976 0.424 0.068 1.287 0.08 0.02 60 0.00 2 C 區平均 44.56 20.866 0.260 0.107 0.938 0.13 0.02 53.83 0.00
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D1 50.50 19.611 0.035 0.174 0.481 0.20 0.02 35 0.20 2 D2 21.00 20.956 0.016 0.166 0.369 0.21 0.02 57 0.06 2 D3 38.67 18.025 0.295 0.086 1.356 0.13 0.02 60 0.14 2 D4 49.67 21.682 0.342 0.073 1.297 0.08 0.01 49 0.00 2 D5 68.33 18.116 0.002 0.186 0.237 0.08 0.01 71 0.00 2 D6 70.00 16.764 0.002 0.183 0.305 0.06 0.01 81 0.00 3 D 區平均 49.69 19.192 0.115 0.145 0.674 0.13 0.01 58.83 0.07
總平均 42.44 20.201 0.334 0.094 1.069 0.19 0.02 53.17 0.06
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附錄四 伸港灘地樣點設計
1 2 4 3 5 6
7 12 8
11 10
9
圖中為本研究所劃設之樣點,樣點1-6 為 UF1 棲地;
樣點7-12 為 UF2 棲地
台灣招潮蟹密度(ind/m2)
藍色線條代表潮溪分布處,綠色圓圈代表台灣招潮蟹族群密度
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附錄五 嵌塊體的意義