試驗結果可以得知‘桃園 1 號’草莓在 26/15℃，13 個小時的環境下，5 週足夠 成功誘導花芽創始，從採收期和大果率的結果可以得知花序數之重要性，花芽誘 導期之長短，直接影響花序的數量，進而影響產量，然而誘導時間與能源消耗有 極大之關係，目前尚未計算成本，因此無法得知實際之效益。
Modified solution 對於花芽創始有顯著的影響，低溫短日處理 1 週後，即可觀 察花序於冠莖基部形成，Modified solution 雖可誘導出花芽，卻會限制營養生長，
可能對開花結果有不利影響，後續若要再進一步試驗，可將 Modified solution 之氮 濃度略為提高。
臺灣地區在冬季利用高畦生產草莓，產期從十二月開始至翌年四月 (李，1993；
呂，2009)，其他月份皆由國外進口草莓，若能利用植物工廠之優勢，在非產期生 產草莓，將會是一大優勢。本試驗已成功於植物工廠內，誘導草莓花芽創始，並 順利開花結果，若要將開花產果之流程確定，則需更加穩定的環境條件。
臺灣夏季高溫多濕，田間病蟲害嚴重且有颱風豪雨的侵襲，不利於田間植株 之生長，若能仿效國外生產 frigo plant 之模式，在植物工廠內誘導草莓走莖苗創始 花芽，使其花芽休眠並發展冷藏模式，結合溫室栽培技術，於田間產季接近結束 前種植，此時的夏季溫度和日長對於開花結果有促進的效果，將來在 6 到 10 月間 也可生產草莓果實，此亦為值得研究的方向。
表 1. Enshi 與 Modified solution 母液 100 倍元素含量
Table 1.The content of macronutrients and micronutrients in 100X Enshi and Modified solution
Macronutrients Enshi solution (g/L) Modified solution (g/L) N
Micronutrients Enshi solution (ppm) Modified solution (ppm) Mn
EDTA-2Fe 1000X (ppm)
Fe 7593.8 7593.8
註：以上元素皆由第一化工原料股份有限公司購買之藥品提供
表 2. 草莓走莖苗的繁殖流程
Table 2. The procedure of growing strawberry runner plants.
時間 事項 solution，EC 值為 0.60，每層水量 40L
第 12 天 加水滿至 40L
表 3. 草莓走莖苗試驗初始葉片數與葉面積
Table 3. The leaf number and leaf area of strawberry at the beginning of experiment.
Treatmentz Leaf number Leaf area(cm2)
I 5.1±0.1 aby 589.5±26.4 a
II 5.0±0 b 585.8±14.7 a
III 5.0±0 b 584.3±12.7 a
IV 5.0±0 b 562.1±19.1 a
V 5.3±0.2 a 448.0±21.1 b
zTreatment I started the experiment on July 25, 2013.Treatment II was on August 1.Treatment III was on August 8.Treatment IV was on August 15.Treatmenmt V was on August 22.
yStatistical analyses were conducted using ANOVA (CoStat 6.2, CoHort Software, USA) and the means compared with the LSD test with a significance degree a = 0.05.
Mean±SD (standard deviation of mean)
表 4. 低溫短日處理對於‘桃園 1 號’草莓植株花序數、開花數、處理至採收天數和 採收天數的影響
Table 4. Effect of cool temperature and short photoperiod treatment on inflorescences formation, flower number, treatment to harvest and harvest periods of strawberry
‘Taoyuan No.1’.
zTreatment I started the experiment on July 25, 2013.Treatment II was on August 1.Treatment III was on August 8.Treatment IV was on August 15.Treatmenmt V was on August 22.
yStatistical analyses were conducted using ANOVA (CoStat 6.2, CoHort Software, USA) and the means compared with the LSD test with a significance degree a = 0.05.
Mean±SD (standard deviation of mean) Treatmentz
表 5. 低溫短日處理對於‘桃園 1 號’草莓植株果實數量和產量的影響
Table 5. Effect of cool temperature and short photoperiod treatment on fruit number and fruit production of strawberry ‘Taoyuan No.1’.
zTreatment I started the experiment on July 25, 2013.Treatment II was on August 1.Treatment III was on August 8.Treatment IV was on August 15.Treatmenmt V was on August 22.
yStatistical analyses were conducted using ANOVA (CoStat 6.2, CoHort Software, USA) and the means compared with the LSD test with a significance degree a = 0.05.
Mean±SD (standard deviation of mean) Treatmentz
Fruit above 10g /plant (g)
表 6. 低溫短日下不同養液處理對於‘桃園 1 號’草莓營養生長之影響
Table 6. Effect of different solutions on vegetative growth of strawberry ‘Taoyuan No.1’.
Treatmentz
zThe experiment started on July 25,2013 and investigated on August 15.
yStatistical analyses were conducted using ANOVA (CoStat 6.2, CoHort Software, USA) and the means compared with the LSD test with a significance degree α = 0.05.
圖 1. 國立臺灣大學人工光型植物工廠
Fig 1. National Taiwan University Plant Factory with artificial light.
圖 2. 臺灣大學人工光型植物工廠 B1 室示意圖與相關配置
(A) B1 室內配置圖 (B) 培養槽與人工光源 (C) B1 室內配置之熱泵系統
Fig 2. Layout of B1 room in National Taiwan University Plant Factory with artificial light. (A) Layout of B1 room (B) Growth tank and artificial light (C) Heat pump
30 cm
(A) (B)
(C)
The height under fluorescent light (cm)
5 10 15 20 25
Light intensity (umol m-2 s-1 )
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Y = 690.42-14.38X R2 = 0.9928
圖 3. 九支燈管下不同高度之光強度
Fig 3. Light intensity under different height of 9 fluorescent lamps.
圖 4. 草莓組織培養苗之出瓶培養
(A) 草莓組織培養苗 (B) 培養盤外觀 (C) 甫出瓶之草莓組織培養苗出瓶培養於清 水中
Fig 4. The growth of strawberry plantlets ex vitro. (A) Strawberry plantlet (B) Growth tray (C) Strawberry plantlets grew in water ex vitro on November 22, 2012.
(A)
(B)
(C)
圖 5. 草莓組織培養苗於非循環養液栽培系統之生長情形與走莖苗的繁殖
(A) 組織培養苗出瓶 10 天後及 4 個星期後之生長情形 (B) 走莖苗繁殖的草莓子株 (C) 子株發根後的情形
Fig 5. The growth of strawberry plantlet in non-cycle solution culture system and the propagation of runner plants. (A) Strawberry plantlets grew ex vitro after ten days and four weeks. (C) The propagation of strawberry runner plant. (D) The growth of runner after rooted.
8.5 cm 6.5 cm (A)
20 cm
(C) (B)
圖 6. 花芽誘導試驗開始之走莖植株
Fig 6. The strawberry plants with 5-6 leaves at the beginning of inducing flower buds.
35 cm
Middle leaf length (cm)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Leaf area (cm2 )
0 100 200 300
LA = 2.5367L1.8501 R2 = 0.9542 p < 0.0001
圖 7. ‘桃園 1 號’草莓三出複葉之中軸長度與葉面積之關係
Fig 7. The relationship between middle leaf length of ternate leaf and the measurements of the actual leaf area of ‘Taoyuan No, 1’ strawberries (n = 200).
圖 8. 花序生長與開花之觀察
(A) 花序於冠莖基部形成 (B) 花序發育並抽出 (C) 花朵完全展開
Fig 8. The observation of inflorescence growth and flowering. (A) The formation of the inflorescence in the base of crown. (B) The development and growth of the
inflorescence. (C) Flower was fully blooming.
(A)
(B)
(C)
Date
2013/7/1 2013/8/1 2013/9/1 2013/10/1 2013/11/1 2013/12/1 Temperatime (o C)
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
34 光照期層架溫度
光照期回風口溫度 暗期層架溫度 暗期回風口溫度
圖 9. 2013 年 7 月底至 11 月中 B1 室之日夜溫變化
Fig 9. Variation of day and night temperature in B1 room from August 25 to November 12 in 2013.
0
Percentage of plants inflorescence appearence and flowering (%)
0
7/25 8/1 8/8 8/15 8/22 8/29 9/5 9/12 9/19 9/26 10/3 10/10 10/17 10/24 10/31 0
1’during cool temperature and short photoperiods treatment. Treatment I started the experiment on July 25, 2013. Treatment II was on August 1. Treatment III was on August 8. Treatment IV was on August 15. Treatmenmt V was on August 22.
圖 11. 草莓花朵開放與果實發育
Fig 11. The flowering and fruit developing of the strawberry.0 day was flower fully blooming. DAF was days after flower and DAF was days after pollination. 2-DAF : anther dehiscence partially. 4-DAF : anther dehiscence fully. 4-DAP : receptacle started to swell, diameter was 0.9 cm. 14-DAP : receptacle turned green to white, diameter was 1.3 cm. 25-DAP : receptacle turned into red, diameter was 2.4 cm. 29-DAP : receptacle turned red, diameter was 2.6 cm and fruit was 8.45 g.
2 cm 20-DAP
27-DAP 25-DAP
4-DAF/0-DAP 0 day
14-DAP
29-DAP 17-DAP
8-DAP 2-DAF
12-DAP 4-DAP
圖 12. 臺灣大學人工光型植物工廠 B1 室內栽培‘桃園 1 號’草莓之情形
Fig 12. The growth of the strawberry ‘Taoyuan No.1’ in B1 room in National Taiwan University Plant Factory with artificial light.
圖 13. 臺灣大學人工光型植物工廠栽培‘桃園 1 號’草莓之果實外觀 (A) 小於 5 g (B) 5 到 10 g (C) 10 到 15 g (D) 15 到 20 g (E) 大於 20 g
Fig 13. Appearance of strawberry ‘Taoyuan No.1’ from National Taiwan University Plant Factory with artificial light. (A) Above 5 g (B) 5 to 10 g (C) 10 to 15 g (D) 15 to 20 g (E) Above 20 g
(E) (D) (C) (B) (A)
5 cm
Date
7/25 8/1 8/8 8/15 8/22 8/29 9/5 9/12 9/19 9/26 Leaf area (cm2 )
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
I II III IV V
圖 14. 低溫短日處理期間‘桃園 1 號’草莓葉面積的歷時變化
Fig 14. The elapsed of leaf area of strawberry ‘Taoyuan No. 1’during cool temperature and short photoperiods treatment. Treatment I started the experiment on July 25, 2013.
Treatment II was on August 1. Treatment III was on August 8. Treatment IV was on August 15. Treatmenmt V was on August 22.
Date
7/25 8/1 8/8 8/15 8/22 8/29 9/5 9/12 9/19 9/26
Crown diameter (mm)
0 5 10 15 20 25
I : CD = 0.71X + 13.53 R2 = 0.71 II : CD = 0.92X + 11.93 R2 = 0.64 III : CD = 0.82X + 10.60 R2 = 0.67 IV : CD = 0.85X + 9.31 R2 = 0.70 V : CD = 0.87X + 7.89 R2 = 0.68
圖 15. 低溫短日處理期間對於‘桃園 1 號’草莓冠莖直徑的歷時變化
Fig 15. The elapsed of crown diameter of strawberry ‘Taoyuan No. 1’during cool temperature and short photoperiods treatment. Treatment I started the experiment on July 25, 2013. Treatment II was on August 1. Treatment III was on August 8.Treatment IV was on August 15. Treatmenmt V was on August 22.
Date
7/25 8/1 8/8 8/15 8/22 8/29 9/5 9/12 9/19 9/26
Number of runner / plant
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
V VI III II I
圖 16. 低溫短日處理期間‘桃園 1 號’草莓走莖生成的累積
Fig 16 . The accumulation of runner formation of the strawberry ‘Taoyuan No. 1’during cool temperature and short photoperiods treatment. Treatment I started the experiment on July 25, 2013. Treatment II was on August 1. Treatment III was on August 8.
Treatment IV was on August 15. Treatmenmt V was on August 22. Runners were removed at the beginning of the treatment, and started to count from the next week.
Date
7/25 8/1 8/8 8/15
Plants with inflorescence appearence (%)
0 20 40 60 80
100 Enshi solution 1/2X
Modify solution 1X Modify solution 3/4X Modify solution 1/2X
圖 17. 低溫短日期間養液對於‘桃園 1 號’草莓花序形成的影響
Fig 17. The effect of solution treatments on the formation of the inflorescence of strawberry ‘Taoyuan No. 1’during cool temperature and short photoperiods treatment .
圖 18. ‘桃園1號’草莓在不同養液處理三週後的植株外觀
(A) Enshi solution 1/2倍 (B) Modified solution 1倍 (C) Modified solution 3/4倍 (D) Modified solution 1/2倍
Fig 18. Plant Morphology of the strawberry ‘Taoyuan No. 1’ after 3 weeks solution treatment. (A) Enshi solution 1/2X (B) Modified solution 1X (C) Modified solution 3/4X (D) Modified solution 1/2X
15 cm (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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