• 沒有找到結果。

5-1 結論

1. 由本研究之結果可以發現添加堆肥於受柴油污染之土壤確實有不錯的 降解效果,而在1:0.1 濕重土壤與堆肥之摻合比下,即可達到相當顯著 的降解 (68%),且在 pH、EC、重金屬等方面對於復育後之塲址亦較 無二次污染之虞,雖然1:1 亦有同樣之效果,但容易因施用過多之堆肥 而有導致突增場址負荷或二次污染 (secondary pollution) 之虞。

2. 從實驗設計之反應曲面結果可以知道生物降解最佳含水率範圍約在最 大含水量之 20%-65% 間,且可知摻合比分別在最高 (1:1 濕重) 和最 低 (1:0.1 濕重) 摻合比中有較佳之降解。

3. 由迴歸係數分析,可知含水率和摻合比無相互作用 (intereaction) 關 係,但是溫度對生物之降解影響相當顯著,亦即在冬天進行現地復育 時,降解效率會較差。

4. 由總菌數實驗中,在低摻合比方向,可以發現因為生長條件較佳 (pH 偏中性),故微生物菌數有相當明顯地增減趨勢,使得降解率較高,而 其他摻合比則可能受限於環境特性 (pH 偏酸性),故所觀察到的微生物 菌數則無較明顯地增減趨勢,但是由於高摻合比 (1:1 濕重) 也有和低 摻合比之相同降解效果,由觀察微生物菌數推測此一現象可以發現雖然 微生物菌數沒有相當程度地增減,但是在微生物菌數較高的情形下,而 產生了相似效果。

5. 利用一階動力模式配適本研究之 TPHD 之降解可以發現相當適合,因 為由確認實驗中可以得到相當高的相關係數 (r=0.81-0.96)。

6. 在較佳低摻合比和高摻合比之一階動力常數後可知分別約大於土壤未 加堆肥實驗之兩倍。

7. 滅菌組之降解率只有 11%,故由此可知本研究之柴油降解方式,除了 其他物化反應降解之外,主要係以生物降解方式為主。

8. 由本研究所得之最佳低摻合比 (1:0.1) 其動力常數約大於單獨土壤組 (soil only) 之兩倍多,故可見本研究利用堆肥進行受柴油污染土壤之生 物降解,確實可以得到相當顯著之效果。

9. 故綜合上述,在能有效降解受柴油污染之土壤及避免使環境突增負荷,

且能有效改良土壤,其最適當之摻合比為 1:0.1,即土壤和堆肥 (濕重) 之摻合比例,乃為本研究所得到之結論。

5-2 建議

1. 由於本研究之總菌數係以 DAPI 染色法進行固定後,利用螢光顯微鏡 照相計數之方法,但是無法判別活菌與死菌之差別,容易因此在計數上 發生人為誤差,故若能配合測定脫氫酵素活性 (Dehydrogenase activity) 以決定微生物活性或是測定土壤呼吸測定 (Soil respirometric tests) 以提供生物降解之潛能,將更能完整地暸解微生物之增長變化 (Namkoong, 2002;Balba, 1998)。

2. 本研究所使用之堆肥,於風乾一個月後,推測係尚未完全穩定,而產生 酸化之現象,導致較高之摻合比產生抑制,而無更高之降解效率表現,

故針對現地復育技術,需採用穩定之堆肥進行生物降解,相信在考量二 次污染風險之下,所使用之堆肥量將可得到更佳之降解效果。

3. 影響生物復育之因子除了微生物之外,尚有營養鹽、污染物濃度及毒 性、電子接受者、溫度、pH、氧化還原電位 (Redox potential, ORP) 等,

若針上述影響因子均以實驗因子統計方式進行研究,做為現地復育時之 參考時,將更能得到更客觀之結果。

4. Ronald (1995) 提到,可以利用間歇式地連續施用肥料於受油污染之土 壤中,可以更有效地減少柴油污染濃度,且能保護植物生長及無徒增環 境負荷之虞,故往後可考慮配合復育時間因素,以利用最佳間隔時間進 行受柴油污染之土壤,方能得到更有效率之降解效果。

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