一、結論
落地模型產生的機械性負荷對大鼠皮質骨與海綿骨引起類似但不全然一致的適應 行為。皮質骨對落地衝擊會先讓骨骼受到劇烈的破壞使得骨強度減低，經過較長期的訓 練才會恢復並增強，此種現象股骨表現的較脛骨明顯。海綿骨由於代謝快速，短期內較 難觀察是否對落地衝擊有所反應，待進入較成熟的階段後，仍可發現落地訓練能增強海 綿骨結構與密度。整體而言，八週落地訓練對成長中母鼠下肢骨組織產生不同程度及不 同時程的正面助益。
二、建議
未來研究可進一步透過訓練計畫的建立（包含落地訓練的時間、頻率、次數）與休 息時間的安排，配合骨骼結構與材料特性、與骨再塑週期之間的變化，將其應用在預防 從事高頻率與高衝擊的年輕體操選手或其他運動選手常發生的疲勞性骨折等方面之研 究。
引用文獻
林欣仕、王鶴森、黃滄海 （2010，12 月）。短期的落地訓練對成長中雌大鼠的骨骼材料 特性之影響 [摘要]。2010 體育運動學術團體聯合年會暨學術研討會口頭發表，
台北市
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附錄
附錄一 縮寫表
(按 A→Z 排列)
ALP：alkaline phosphatase 鹼性磷酸酶 BLC：bone lining cell 骨襯裡細胞
BV/TV：bone volume/ tissue volume 骨量比率 CA：cortical bone area 皮質骨面積
Ca++ Ch：Ca++ channel 鈣離子通道，為生化連結通道之ㄧ Can：canaliculae 骨小管
CSA：cross-section area 橫斷面面積
CSMI：cross-sectional moment of inertial 轉動慣量矩 CT：cortical bone thickness 皮質骨厚度
DEXA：dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 雙能X 光吸收儀
EDTA：ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dehydrate 脫鈣液 E to FL：energy to fracture load 骨骼斷裂所需能量
E to PY：energy to post-yield 降伏點後所能吸收的能量 E to YL：energy to yield load 達降伏點所需的能量 FL：fracture load 斷裂負荷值
GH：growth hormone 生長激素 GJ：gap junctions 胞隙接合體
GRF：ground reaction force 地面反作用力
I：integrins 此為一種整合蛋白，為生化連結通道之ㄧ IFF：interstitial fluid flow 意指組織間液流動
IGF-1：insulin-like growth factor-1 類胰島素生長因子 1 M：cell membrane 細胞膜
MA：bone marrow area 骨髓腔面積 N：cell nucleus 細胞核
NO：nitrogen monoxide 一氧化氮 Ob：osteoblast 造骨細胞
OP：osteoprogenitor 骨先驅細胞
OPG：osteoprotegrins 破骨細胞生長抑制因子 Ot：osteocyte 骨細胞
PGE2：prostaglandin2 前列腺素 2 POb：preosteoblast 造骨細胞先驅 PTH：parathyroid hormone 副甲狀腺素
RANKL：receptor activator of NFkB ligand 一種破骨細胞分泌的蛋百質 Tb.N：trabecular number 骨小樑數目
Tb.Sp：trabecular separation 骨小梁間距 Tb.Th：trabecular thickness 骨小梁厚度
TRAP：tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 抗酒石酸鹽酸性磷酸酶 vBMD：volumetric bone mineral density (g/cm3) 體積骨密度 μCT：micro-computed tomography 微型電腦斷層掃描 YL：yield load 降伏點負荷
YM：young’s modulus 楊氏係數 YS：yield stress 降伏點應力
YT：yield toughness 降伏點堅韌度
附錄二 破骨細胞的染色步驟與計算分析
(一) 染色步驟：
1. 切好的骨組織 (5-7μm) 放於玻片上並儲存在 4°C 冰箱。
2. 放置完成的石蠟切片於室溫中，進行組織晾乾約 15 分鐘。
3. 組織晾乾進行中可開始調配染色劑，而染色劑的調配所需藥品與溶液如下表所示，
表上是以配置1 毫升的量所給予的比例。
破骨細胞染色劑調配方法與成分
TRAP 染劑所需成分
量(μl) 注意事項Deionized water (37°C) 900 Diazotized Fast Garnet
GBC Solution
20 先將10(μl) Fast Garnet GBC Base 與 10(μm) Sodium Nitrite Solution 混合 30
秒後，再讓其靜置2 分鐘 Naphthol AS-BI
Phosphate Solution
10 Acetate Solution 40
Tartrate Solution 20
4. 待上述步驟完成時，開始進行組織脫臘 (deparaffinization) 與水合作用 (hydration)。
組織脫臘以浸泡兩次二甲苯 (Xylzene) 溶液進行，各為 10 分鐘與 5 分鐘；脫臘完成 以後以漸減濃度 (100%、95%、90%、80%、70%) 酒精溶液進行水合作用，各濃度 酒精溶液浸泡約1/2 至 1 分鐘。
5. 將組織置放於去離子水 (Deionized water) 中約 5 至 10 秒。
6. 完成 5 的步驟以後，以棉花棒或拭淨紙將組織周圍的水分擦乾。
7. 將調配好的染色劑以微量試管均勻地覆蓋在組織上。再將組織放到鐵盤並將其置於 37°C 的水溫槽上，進行約 10 至 60 分鐘的染色反應。
8. 待組織呈紫紅色後 (如下圖)，以去離子水終止反應。
9. 將玻片拭乾並滴甘油 (glycerol) 於組織上以載玻片封片。
(二)計算方法：
以10*10 倍的顯微鏡鏡頭計算生長板下 0-3mm 處裡的海綿骨周圍的破骨細胞數目。
(三)藥劑來源：
本研究使用的為商業包裝，詳細資料如下：Leukocyte Acid Phosphatase kit (387A, Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA)
破骨細胞染色呈色圖，以25 倍鏡頭拍攝。
附錄三 骨骼鹼性磷酸酶的染色步驟與計算分析
(一)染色步驟：
1. 切好的骨組織 (5-7μm) 放於玻片上並儲存在 4°C 冰箱。
2. 放置完成的石蠟切片於室溫中，進行組織晾乾約 15 分鐘。
3. 開始進行組織脫臘 (deparaffinization) 與水合作用 (hydration)。組織脫臘以浸泡兩次 二甲苯 (Xylzene) 溶液進行，各為 10 分鐘與 5 分鐘；脫臘完成以後以漸減濃度 (100%、95%、90%、80%、70%) 酒精溶液進行水合作用，各濃度酒精溶液浸泡約 1/2 至 1 分鐘。
4. 將組織置放於去離子水 (Deionized water) 中約 5 分鐘。
5. 完成 4 的步驟以後，以棉花棒或拭淨紙將組織周圍的水分擦乾。
6. 將染色劑 (p-nitroblue tetrasolium chloride and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyphosphate
p-toluidine salt 以微量試管均勻地滴在組織上。再將組織放到鐵盤並將其置於 37°C
的水溫槽上，進行60 分鐘的反應。呈色反應如下圖所示。
7. 待反應後以去離子水洗淨並將玻片拭乾，再滴封片膠於組織上以載玻片封片。
鹼性磷酸酶染色呈色圖，以200 倍鏡頭拍攝。
(二)計算方法：
1.架設相機於 20*10 倍的顯微鏡鏡頭上，拍取靠近皮質骨處的次級海綿骨區兩張，。
2.以影像分析軟體計算海綿骨的原始周長與鹼性磷酸酶表現的周長。
3.再以 (酵素表現的周長/原始周長)*100 的公式算出鹼性磷酸酶的表現百分比。
(三)藥劑來源
本研究使用的為100ml 商用包裝，詳細資料如下： (BCIP-NBT Liquid Substrate System (B1911, Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA)
附錄四 落地訓練的過程圖示
將大鼠提高至 40 公分之高度後，鬆手使其以自由落體的方式著地 (側面)。
將大鼠提高至 40 公分之高度後，鬆手使其以自由落體的方式著地 (垂直面)。
附錄五 動物實驗同意書
個人小傳
姓名 林 欣 仕 (Lin, Hsin-Shih)
出生地 台灣 宜蘭
生日 73 年 01 月 11 日
學 歷
國立台灣師範大學 體育學系 博士班 運動科學組 97.9-101.8 國立成功大學 體育健康與休閒研究所 碩士班 95.9-97.6 國立成功大學 中國文學系 (保送甄試入學) 91.9-95.6 國立宜蘭高中 體育班 89.9-91.6
經 歷
國立成功大學 體育健康與休閒研究所 兼任助理 99.8-101.7 國立成功大學 男子籃球隊 助理教練 98.7-100.6 國立成功大學 男子籃球隊 球員 91.9-97.6 國立宜蘭高中 男子籃球隊 球員 89.9-91.6
國立成功大學 體育健康與休閒研究所 兼任助理 99.8-101.7 國立成功大學 男子籃球隊 助理教練 98.7-100.6 國立成功大學 男子籃球隊 球員 91.9-97.6 國立宜蘭高中 男子籃球隊 球員 89.9-91.6