1. 當光功率愈強,感測度愈高,若不照光(P=0W),感測度最大約為 0.1,所 以照光的確會活化半導體表面,使感測度增高。
2. 當氧氣或氮氣的氣壓愈高,捕捉的電子愈多,光電流愈小,光反應愈小,
電阻愈大。
3. 氧氣的吸附及脫附能力較強,反應及恢復都比較快,而氮氣不容易吸附,
一旦產生吸附,就不易脫附,故氮氣的反應及恢復都比氧氣慢。
4. 當氣體混合時,氣體之間會影響彼此碰撞到樣品表面的機會,進而影響 到氣體吸附的行為。
5. 樣品表面的晶粒大小及形狀,會影響偵測特性。
6. 5sec 的照光時間有足夠的光反應,及較短的反應及恢復時間。
7. 元件若經過訊號處理,較能廣泛應用。
關於未來的研究方向,由於本實驗中都是以量測及訊號處理的方式去改善其 應用在元件之可能性,若是也能從製程上改善感測特性,再輔以訊號處理的方 式,或能有更佳的應用性,另外,若是能再進一步去縮短照光的時間,即脈衝的 頻率增加,在確保有足夠的反應後,或許也能有效的改善恢復時間過長的缺點,
而關於4.3 節中之特性面積的換算模型也還有待深入研究。
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表3.1 模擬所用之參數表
T (K) nb (m-3) Nd (m-3) q(C) α (m-1)
300 2.00E+24 2.00E+24 1.6E-19 8.00E+06
μd (m2V-1S-1) μb (m2V-1S-1) kB (J/K) Noxy (m-2) Nr (m-2)
7.50E-03 7.50E-03 1.38E-23 1.00E+16 0
mn m0 (kg) ε0 (F/m) ε τ(sec)
0.275 9.11E-31 8.85E-12 8 2.00E-05 φ=3.98×1018 m-2s-1、3.42×1018 m-2s-1、2.86×1018 m-2s-1
、1.77×1018 m-2s-1、1.00×1018 m-2s-1
L=0.18μm、0.018μm、0.0018μm
pressure(torr) Sensitivity(0w) Sensitivity(10.5μw/cm2) Sensitivity(54.5μw/cm2)
13 0.0335 1.85 9.9
100 0.0532 9.4 17
300 0.158 11.2 20.7
760 0.095 14.9 33.8
表4.1.1 不同光功率及氣壓之感測度
表 4.2.1 不同氧氣氣壓下所到之光暗電流差及光反應 Pressure(torr) Imax-Imin(A) R(Response)
13 2.46E-05 13.13
100 1.27E-05 8.06
300 7.69E-06 6.01
760 4.59E-06 4.3
表4.2.2 不同氧氣氣壓下所得到之反應及恢復時間
P(torr) ton10%(sec) ton90%(sec) toff90%(sec) toff20%(sec) response time(sec)
recovery time(sec) 13 14.174 1771.411 52.268 7635.854 1757.237 7583.586
100 17.225 1084.659 33.151 3266.038 1067.434 3232.887
300 9.798 707.257 13.496 1542.398 697.458 1528.902
760 8.527 519.308 8.739 951.62 510.782 942.881
表4.2.3 不同氮氣氣壓下所得到之光暗電流差及光反應 Pressure(torr) Imax-Imin(A) R(Response)
13 7.44E-05 46.75
100 4.84E-05 30.4
300 4.18E-05 26.25
760 3.54E-05 22.23
表 4.2.4 不同氣壓之分子碰撞率與氮氣氧氣之實驗值 P(pa) γO(s-1) γN (s-1) IO(A) IN(A) RO(Ω) RN(Ω) 1733.191 6.6E+21 7.06E+21 2.65E-05 7.59E-05 37789.85 13166.94 13332.24 5.08E+22 5.43E+22 1.44E-05 5E-05 69599.21 20018.32 39996.71 1.52E+23 1.63E+23 9.49E-06 4.33E-05 105325.3 23068.24 101325 3.86E+23 4.13E+23 6.46E-06 3.7E-05 154692.4 27058.34
表 4.2.5 不同混合氣體所得到之實驗值 Pressure(torr) Imax (A)
310 1.57E-5 350 1.67E-5 450 1.97E-5 550 1.69E-5 600 1.78E-5
表 4.2.6 不同光功率下所得到之光暗電流差及光反應
P(μW/cm2) Imax-Imin(A) R(Response)
311.5 5.24E-06 4.3 267.9 4.46E-06 3.57 223.8 4.08E-06 3.42 138.2 3.66E-06 3.18 78.3 3.11E-06 2.54
表4.2.7 不同光通密度下之實驗值與模擬結果
L=0.18μm L=0.018μm L=0.0018μm 實驗值 φ(m-2s-1) Rf (Ω) Rf (Ω) Rf (Ω) R(Ω)
1E+18 6972.088 385492.4 1.77E+07 230816 1.77E+18 6678.376 338193.6 1.50E+07 207970.5 2.86E+18 6327.295 279684.2 1.18E+07 189808.8 3.42E+18 6168.039 252662.3 1.04E+07 175323.3 3.98E+18 6027.191 228723.8 9.23E+06 154692.4
圖1.1 ZnO 之晶格結構示意圖[3]
Zn O
圖2.1 氣體分子與半導體表面尚未接觸時
圖2.2 氣體分子的功函數大於半導體的功函數時
圖2.3 氣體分子的功函數小於半導體的功函數時
圖2.4 氧氣分子在各個吸附態之對應能量[25]
圖2.5 隨晶粒粒徑大小與空乏層的關係,可分為三種控制[35]
圖2.7 頸部連接示意圖
圖3.1 實驗流程示意圖
圖3.2 熱蒸鍍裝置示意圖
圖3.3 水平式高溫爐管裝置示意圖
圖3.4 本校 SEM 機台
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 -1.5x10-6
-1.0x10-6 -5.0x10-7 0.0 5.0x10-7 1.0x10-6 1.5x10-6
Cur rent(A)
Voltage(V)
photo current dark current
圖3.5 ZnO 歐姆接觸之量測圖
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 0
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
in tensity(a.u.)
λ( nm)
殺菌燈光譜
ZnO band gap
圖3.6 殺菌燈光源光譜圖
圖3.7 氣體感測特性量測裝置示意圖
gas in
O2 N2
UV-C
ZnO sapphire In In
lamp
quartz tube pump out
0.0 2.0x104 4.0x104 6.0x104 8.0x104
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
2.0x10-6
500 1000
1000 1500 2000
0.0
圖 3.11 程式計算流程圖
0.0 2.0x10
44.0x10
46.0x10
48.0x10
410 100 1000
0.1 1
Sensitivity
Pressure(torr)
without UV light
Resistance( Ω )
Time(sec)
13torrO2
圖4.1.1 樣品不照光之實驗結果及感測度
0.0 2.0x10
44.0x10
46.0x10
40.0
6.0x10
41.2x10
51.8x10
52.4x10
53.0x10
5Resistance( Ω )
Time(sec)
760torr
300torr
100torr 13torr
P
≅54.5
μW/cm
2at 253.7nm
圖 4.1.2 光功率約為 54.5μW/cm2之實驗結果
0.0 2.0x10
44.0x10
46.0x10
41x10
52x10
53x10
54x10
513torr 100torr 300torr
Resistance( Ω )
Time(sec)
760torr
P
≅10.5
μW/cm
2at 253.7nm
圖 4.1.3 光功率約為 10.5μW/cm2之實驗結果
10 100 1000 0.01
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Sensit ivit y
Pressure(torr)
P≅54.5μW/cm2 P≅10.5μW/cm2 P≅0W
圖4.1.4 不同光功率及氧氣氣壓之感測度
0.0 6.0x103 1.2x104 1.8x104 2.4x104 0.0
5.0x10-6 1.0x10-5 1.5x10-5 2.0x10-5 2.5x10-5 3.0x10-5
760torr 300torr
100torr
Curr e n t(A)
Time(sec)
13torr
圖4.2.1 不同氧氣氣壓下之光電流與時間關係
0 200 400 600 800 4
6 8 10 12 14
Resp onse
Pressure(torr)
圖 4.2.2 不同氧氣氣壓下之光反應
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 1000
2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
T ime(sec)
Pressure(torr)
response time recovery time
圖 4.2.3 不同氧氣氣壓對反應及恢復時間之關係
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 5
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Response
Pressure(torr)
N2 response O2 response
圖4.2.4 不同氧氣與氮氣氣壓下之光反應比較
10 100 1000 10000
0 1000 2000 3000
0.0
100 1000 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
0 800 1600 2400 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Normalize
Time(sec)
Normalize
Time(sec)
N
2O
2圖4.2.5(b) 氮氣與氧氣脫附之比較
1000 10000 100000 1022
1023
γ (s
-1)
Pressure(Pa)
γΟγΝ
圖4.2.6 不同氣壓下之氮氣與氧氣分子碰撞率
1000 10000 100000 2.0x10
44.0x10
46.0x10
48.0x10
41.0x10
51.2x10
51.4x10
51.6x10
5Resistance( Ω )
Pressure(Pa) R
OR
N圖 4.2.7 不同氣壓下之氮氣與氧氣電阻
O2 N2
mix gas
∗300 400 500 600 700 800
1.0x10-5 2.0x10-5 3.0x10-5 4.0x10-5 5.0x10-5 6.0x10-5
Cu rren t( A )
Pressure(torr)
linear
圖4.2.8 不同混合氣體之光電流對氣壓關係(*混合氣體為 300torr 的氧氣,再分別加上 10torr、50torr、150torr、250torr、
300torr 的氮氣所混合而成)
圖 4.2.9 競爭吸附示意圖
10 100 1000
0 500 1000 1500
0.0
10 100 1000
0 500 1000 1500
0.0
1x1018 2x1018 3x1018 4x1018 104
105 106 107 108 109
Resistance( Ω )
φ( m
-2s
-1)
L=0.18μm L=0.018μm L=0.0018μm
實驗值
圖4.2.11 不同光通密度所模擬之結果與實驗值
圖4.2.12(a) 以 600℃熱處理之 ZnO 表面結構
圖4.2.13 本實驗 ZnO 的表面示意圖
ZnO 表面
0 50 100 150 200 1.0x10-6
1.5x10-6 2.0x10-6 2.5x10-6 3.0x10-6 3.5x10-6 4.0x10-6
1min irratiated
Cur rent(A)
Time(sec)
5sec irratiated
圖 4.3.1 不同光照時間之上升趨勢
0 200 400 600 800 1000 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
1min irratiated
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Normalize
Time(sec) 5sec irratiated 1min irratiated
Normalize
Time(sec)
5sec irratiated
圖 4.3.2 不同光照時間之衰減趨勢
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1.0x10-6
1.5x10-6 2.0x10-6 2.5x10-6 3.0x10-6 3.5x10-6 4.0x10-6
Current(A)
Time(sec)
圖 4.3.3 重複實驗之實驗結果
350 400 450 500
(a)original signal (b)differential signal
Time(sec)
440 460 480 500 -3.00x10-7
-1.50x10-7 0.00 1.50x10-7 3.00x10-7 4.50x10-7
dI/dt
Time(sec)
noise
threshold
properties area
recovery time
圖 4.3.5 重複實驗放大之訊號