結論 - 2003年夏季東海海域大氣汞的分布和成因

對東海大氣汞進行的研究，本工作得到如下結論：

（1）在OR1-686（2003 年 6 月 19 日到 6 月 26 日）和 OR1-691（2003 年 8 月13 日到 8 月 23 日）兩個航次中，GEM 濃度顯示白天高，晚上低的

特性。該規律無論是海源或陸源，在東海的日夜變化差值，大約是 3

ng/m³。

（2）在兩個航次中，由大氣汞的空間分佈和氣團軌跡回推圖, 顯示這些大氣汞的來源影響空間分佈，有來自東北方日本、韓國的陸源物質；也有來自西南方大陸、台灣的陸源物質；及來自東方太平洋的海源物質，這些來源也影響了大氣汞的值。

（3）在兩個航次中，分析氣團軌跡回推圖中帶來大氣汞的濃度，可以歸納出

海源低於陸源，就同一緯度來說由大到小，分別是大陸、台灣海峽、台灣、太平洋，就不同緯度邊緣海做比較，GEM 濃度由小到大，分別是南海、日本海、台灣海峽、東海。

（4）在OR1-686 中，由氣團軌跡回推圖，可以看出都是自南方上來的氣流，

OR1-686 的航次剛好是颱風後的航次，研判氣流有受到颱風影響，形成所謂的西南氣流，從濃度分佈來看4 ng/m³之等值線，明顯的向北移，

研究發現西南氣流經過大氣汞的高區所造成的。

未來展望：

由於本研究所探討東海海域大氣元素汞情形主要是以2003 年夏天期間為題材，但在其它季節的變化上尚不明確，因此未來可以探討其它季節的大氣元素汞分佈情形及其影響因素。另外，極端氣候如颱風對大氣元素汞分佈情形的研究，

亦是將來很好的議題。

東亞是世界最大的汞排放源，經由季風、沙塵暴、颱風等氣候現象所傳輸的污染，對鄰近國家，甚至遠達美洲，都能造成影響，在評估對東海的影響之後，

可藉此評估在相同的氣候現象下，對台灣產生的影響。東海的資料相形珍貴，但可惜的是僅採樣分析元素汞的成份，未能採樣氣態活性汞（RGM）大氣懸浮微

粒（PM），由於航次所採集的樣品大多僅數天，無法長期觀測且偵測到特殊氣候

現象的影響，所以建立海上長期觀測站，分析完整的大氣、汞物種時序分佈，是未來的重點。

近來由污染來源及大氣元素汞氧化生成的二價汞，由於沈降速率快，所以會對當地生地化循環有直接性的衝擊，所以除了元素汞之外，大氣及海水中的二價汞海氣交換也會是將來的研究重點之一，有了海水中汞物種分佈的資料，期望可建立一個東海地區，陸地、大氣及海洋間汞物種循環的模式，來了解周圍陸地所帶來的污染如何影響東海地區汞物種的生地化循環。

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在文檔中 2003年夏季東海海域大氣汞的分布和成因 (頁 60-71)