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討論與未來研究方向

本論文針對鉛酸電池脈衝充電特性,在各種不同條件下進行實驗 並作深入探討。首先,以連續直交表搜尋最佳參數組合的方式,試圖 對設定的期望目標,找出各個影響脈衝充電的因素的最佳解。實驗的 驗證發現,直交表實驗似乎落於平坦高原的限制中,而無法指示出充 電參數應該往什麼方向修正,所得到的最佳解並不如預期可證明脈衝 充電優於定電流充電。另外,分別就電流大小與導通率組合和頻率個 別作比較實驗,依然無法證實它們對充電效率或是充電容量有明顯的 影響,在溫升上也無顯著之差異。

本文從大量的實驗數據,僅能歸納出以下幾點結論:

(1) 在定電流與脈衝連續充放電的過程中,電池可充入容量不斷的在 減少中。為了改善此一現象引起的誤差,本文提供一容量回復程 序,將程序後的可充入容量誤差減少至平均值的 5%以內,以增加 實驗的正確性。

(2) 在設定電流高度 2C 以下、導通率 0 與 1 之間,頻率 0 到 900Hz 的參數範圍中,所求得符合設定期望目標(可放電至少 1Ah 容量及 最短的充電時間)之參數最佳組合,經過驗證與定電流充電相差無 幾,無法確切證實脈衝充電的優勢。

(3) 在設定的實驗範圍中,唯一影響充電容量多寡的因素是脈衝充電 的平均電流大小。

(4) 脈衝充電在充電過程的溫度上升與定電流充電無明顯差異。

(5) 在極低頻(1Hz)的實驗中,雖然結果顯示在某些組合中,脈衝充電 似乎有較多的充入容量,由於終點電壓判斷可能造成的誤差且不

同電池得到結果的不規則性,無法在極低頻部份的脈衝充電得到 具體的結果。

本論文中雖然儘可能減少實驗環境與量測所造成的誤差,實驗過 程中仍遭遇以下幾點問題:

(1) 採用平均電壓作為脈衝充電充電終點設定的準則,在不同頻率會 對判斷產生誤差,極低頻的部份尤其明顯。

(2) 即使使用的電池為相同編號的同一批電池,不同顆電池在製造的 過程中難免有差異,且不斷的施以多次不同參數組合的脈衝充 電,對電池內部結構變化影響難以估測。

(3) 隨著使用時間的增加電池會有老化的現象,使整體效能逐漸變差。

(4) 以電池端電壓作為判斷放電終點的準則,不能保證每一次充電前 電池內部既存容量完全相同,此既存的容量會對下一次的充電造 成影響,使可充入的容量減少。

這些尚待克服的問題或許是造成實驗結果誤差過大的因素,導致 無法作為直交表實驗判斷的指標。未來或可繼續朝以下幾個方向繼續 進行研究:

(1) 電池本身是一化學系統,其內的各種反應程度可左右實驗結果。

由本文實驗的誤差可得知,目前尚有無法掌握之變因存在,因此 建議可由不同領域的角度,進一步對影響電池的因素作一瞭解,

考慮影響明顯的變因,以增加實驗的準確性。

(2) 採用平均電壓作為脈衝充電判斷的準則,在實驗的範圍的低頻部 份可能造成判斷問題,未來可尋找一更佳之替代指標。

(3) 本文並未針對脈衝充電對壽命影響進行證實,未來可針對脈衝充 電對壽命影響的部份作一探討。

本文謹忠實地記錄在驗證過程中所進行的大量實驗的實驗結 果,以期能提供各界先進對鉛酸電池施予脈衝充電的充電特性有更深 入的了解。也期待先進能一同參酌,以發掘更有效的實驗方法,可以 對脈衝充電法做更深入的研究。

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