第四章 感知無線網路應用於頻譜管理之挑戰
4.7 頻譜遷移率(S PECTRUM M OBILITY )
頻譜管理的第四個過程就是頻譜的變動管理。感知無線電會選擇最好的可用 頻譜來使用,不過當主要用戶出現在一個頻譜時,感知用戶必須改變操作的頻 帶,這就是頻譜遷移率。頻譜遷移率造成感知網路中一種新的切換型態,稱為頻 譜切換。網路堆疊的不同階層的協定必需適應操作頻率的通道參數,此外,這些 協定對於頻譜切換及結合延遲應該是很清楚的。
每次一個感知用戶改變其操作頻率時,網路協定就可能需要修改操作參數。
在感知網路中,頻譜遷移率的目的為,在頻譜切換的時候,讓效能衰減量最小,
以確保平順且快速的切換。
在遷移率管理協定中,有一項重要的資訊要求,就是頻譜切換的週期,這些 資訊都可以從感知演算法獲得,所以一旦網路知道相關的延遲資訊之後,就可以 讓頻譜切換所造成的效能衰退減至最小,而當前的通訊也能被維持。
感知無線電網路的本質特性引起兩個新的概念:頻譜遷移率及頻譜切換。到 目前為止,還沒有任何研究在解決頻譜切換的問題。
雖然在蜂巢式網路中,以遷移率為主的切換機制已經被研究過了,而且也在 這個領域奠定了基礎,不過,還是有開放的研究主題可以探討。
(1)頻譜遷移率之未來挑戰:
以下是感知網路中,有效頻譜遷移率的開放研究議題:
時域的頻譜遷移率(Spectrum mobility in the time domain):
感知無線電網路會適應可用頻帶為主的無線頻譜,因為可用的通道會隨時間 改變,在這樣的環境下,要維持服務品質是有挑戰性的。
空域的頻譜遷移率(Spectrum mobility in space):
當用戶移動時,可用頻帶也會隨之改變,因此,頻譜的連續分配也是一項主
要的挑戰。
sensing),頻譜決策(spectrum decision),頻譜共享(spectrum sharing)及頻譜遷移率 (spectrum mobility)所要面臨的未來挑戰。許多研究人員目前正在開發新的通信技 術和協定去滿足感知無線電網路的需求,但是,為了確保更有效的頻譜感知通 訊,還需要更多的研究投入。
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