引進數千株合適在亞熱帶環境生存的澳洲品種樹
Eucalyptus 9 麥
重威脅沒有免疫力的居港洋人。政府耗資推動植
三、性病與貪污
Norman Miners
1 8 5 8年通
過第12 10
發牌制度去管制妓院。總註冊官為發牌局的負責 人。首先持牌妓院必須集中於維多利亞城的東
承擔醫療費用。
William T. Bridges
立法控制妓業衍生的魔鬼。1 1
就如Henry J. Lethbridge 充斥於政府的各個階層。20
1891-1898 1861年引
21 並且大力清洗警隊的貪瀆份
War Office
Canton Bazaar
早於1 8 7 4
來英廷的再度干預。於1881 Osbert Chadwick 視衛生問題。
大。32 Shelton Hooper
來歐、華籍的業主分別向政府抗議。33
種種拖延的情況令查維克報告只是一個空中
Ja me s J . K eswi c k 1 8 9 4
生變革才正式執行。34
35 陽奉陰違地架空查維
壓。36
邁樂文認為潔淨局的董事會議組成就是問題
潔
嚴格的控制。更何況是動用巨大公帑改善華人社
五、寶雲的手法
向立法局的官式發言得知。38 他指出財務的首要問 1,095 ,0 05
程、銅鑼灣填海工程、為新中央市場的購置土地 173,959元。
3 9 自 然可以立即消弭英軍的投訴壓力。此處理方法如
1849 1848-1854
渠道口。40
Geoffrey R. Sayer
理死亡、疾病及衛生事宜。41
殖民地政府承認港島的原住民及其他華人可以維 持享受中國法律與習俗的統治。4 2
1894 43
府唯有以另一種策略去應變來維持政策的定位。
Cecil C. Smith
人買辦、商人等合資。例如集資47,000
15,000元作日後的運作經費。44
45
華商組織各環的公立醫局。
六、政治融合的演變
整個華人社區。4 6
華醫院最終要接受經過西醫訓練的華籍醫生作
political integration
1 9 2 0
繫。48
要漸漸強化對華人團體的控制。
1 9 09
生負責管理華人醫院或公立醫局。49
「政治融合」政策的衝擊。西醫學院及警員學堂
說是十分微薄的。此類政策一直被奉行。如1909
3 4 , 1 0 0 2,00 0
94%。50
政府實行此政策也要付出相當的代價。以下一則
¡ ¡ 51
52
¡ ¡
¡ ¡ 又本院多
圓 七 毫壹 仙 ¡ ¡ 該 院 進支 數 目 大綱 如
仙、演戲籌款三千八百九十五圓三毫一 仙、銀行利息工百一十二圓零六仙、舊 日屋租一百四十五圓三毫、進政府助銀 壹千四百圓正¡ ¡
53 還
變。
採用一種遙控手段。從以下這則〈東約公立醫局 開幕紀事〉54
尤篤。今日與諸
云云。」隨由莫若濂將銀匙敬獻蒲撫華
座。¡ ¡
瑞山 、聯 泰、 和利、 天興 、惠 記、 謙 泰、鄭西屏、傅奕朋、三和、譚俊、勝
卿廿五圓、葉賓五圓、該院掌院費士倞 醫生廿五圓、何隸生年捐壹百圓。聞該
協助只是免費撥地及撥款1 , 4 0 0
是脫不出港府的統治。
¡ ¡ 本港有行
府亦應為協助者也。試舉可稱頌之一而
公立醫局亦開辦多間。今廣華醫院又已
均屬華人所¡ ¡
育。55
1 9 0 7-1 9 1 2
功完成地區的衛生任務。同時亦公開承認這個規
為遠東一帶的模範。盧押更進一步承認紳商處理
華人小學生教育。
衛生防疫工作。
說情形〉56
本港公立醫局於廿八日三句鐘假座太平
¡ ¡ 在疑似之
¡ ¡ 蒲主席、劉
潔淨 局主 席及 劉鑄伯 君與 弟三 人估 其 價 值 歸¡ ¡
情¡ ¡ 。」
影響經濟。5 7
58
59 公眾醫局的殮葬服務擴展 至協助回鄉安葬。60 這種種政策明顯就是放寬法例
61
1904-1907 1906年委任一個委員會進行調
62 故而可
方醫局的運作經費。
病死者遺體回籍安葬等服務。地區醫局就是一個
沒有被瓦解。63
向的歪變。
七、總結
laissez-faire
團的最佳利益。64
方向。
告的態度有天壤之別。
基石。
學者分 析戰後的工商 業及流行文 化發展模
1 9
65 開埠時的香
力度。
2002 1-13。
2 David Faure, ¡ The Common People in Hong Kong¡
in Hong Kong History: A Reader in Social History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), 488.
3 Ja m e s L e g g e除了參與香港早期教育政策的工
James Legg e是一個中外文化交流的翹楚。Fok Kai-cheong, Lectures on Hong Kong History: Hong Kong¡s Role in Modern Chinese History (Hong Kong: The Commercial Press Ltd., 1990), 7-10;
Geoffrey R. Sayer, Hong Kong 1841-1862: Birth, Adolescence, and Coming of Age (Hong Kong:
Hong Kong University Press, 1980), 195.
4 James Legge, ¡ The Colony of Hong Kong,¡ Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. 11 (1971), 175.
5 Jardine, Matheson & Co., Jardine, Matheson &
Company, An Historical Sketch: Being An Account to Show the Circumstances in Which the Company Came into Being and How It Was Consolidated over the Last Century, (UK: Jardine, Matheson & Co, 1960), 30-31.
6 Bruce Shepard, The Hong Kong Guide 1893 (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1982, Reprint of Hand-Book to Hong Kong), 54 & 94.
7 Geoffrey R. Sayer, Hong Kong 1862-1919: Years of Discretion (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1975), 22-23.
8 Blue Book 1881: Sanitation and Public Health;
Bruce Shepard, The Hong Kong Guide 1893, 64.
9 Blue Book 1884: Speech of His Excellency the Governor at the Opening of the Session for 1884 of the Legislative Council.
10 Norman Miners, Hong Kong under Imperial Rule (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1987), 191.
11 Blue Book 1857: Extract of a Report from Mr Bridges (Acting Colonial Secretary) to Governor
Sir J. Bowring.
12 Blue Book 1857: Extract of Dispatch from Governor Sir J. Bowring to the Right Hon. Henry Labouchere, M.P..
13 Trevor Fisher, Prostitution and the Victorians (Stroud: Sutton Publishing Ltd., 1997), 82.
14 James Hope
Jack Beeching, The Chinese Opium Wars (London: Huchinson & Co.), 260-271.
15 Blue Book 1857: Extract of Dispatch from Governor Sir J. Bowring to the Right Hon. Henry Labouchere, M.P..
16 Maria Luddy, Prostitution and Irish Society:
1800-1940 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007) , 140-142.
17 Trevor Fisher, Prostitution and the Victorians, 80 &
84-85.
18 Norman Miners, Hong Kong under Imperial Rule, 191-192.
19
1998 94-96
20 Henry J. Lethbridge, Hong Kong: Stability and Change (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1978), 221-222.
21 Henry J. Lethbridge, Hong Kong, 221-222.
22 Blue Book 1867: Copy of a Dispatch from Governor Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell, CB. to Grace the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos .
2 3
1997 98-99
24 Norman Miners, Hong Kong under Imperial Rule, 205.
25 Norman Miners, Hong Kong under Imperial Rule, 191.
26 Norman Miners, Hong Kong under Imperial Rule, 198.
27 Coin N. Crisswell & Mike Watosn, The Royal Hong Kong Police (1841-1945) (Hong Kong : Macmillan, 1982 ), 77.
28 Geoffrey R. Sayer. Hong Kong 1862-1919, 57.
29 1883-1999
13-17
3 0
226-227
31 1883-1999
22及59-62
32 Geoffrey R. Sayer, Hong Kong 1862-1919, 64.
33 Shelton Hooper, The Sanitary Board, in Twentieth Century Impressions of Hong Kong (Singapore:
Graban Brash, 1990), 157-158.
34 1883-1999
24-25 Governor at the Opening of the Session for 1884 of the Legislative Council.
39 Geoffrey R. Sayer, Hong Kong 1862-1919, 46 &
149.
40 Blue Book 1849: Copy of a Dispatch from Governor Bonham to the Earl Grey.
41 Geoffrey R. Sayer, Hong Kong 1862-1919, 57.
42 Eilliot¡s Original Proclamation of Februray 2nd 1841, reprinted in Geoffrey R. Sayer, Hong Kong 1841-1862, 201-202.
43 1855
1 0
William H. McNeill
Plagues and Peoples 2 00 0 177-182
44 Blue Book 1869: No. 25 from Cecil C. Smith, Registrar General, to the Honourable J. Gardiner Austin, Colonial Secretary.
45 1883-1999
64
4 6 He n r y J . L e t h b r i d g e , ¡ T h e D i s t r i c t W a t c h Committee: the Chinese executive council of Hong Kong,¡ Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. 11 (1971); Elizabeth Sinn, Power and Charity: A Chinese Merchant elite in Colonial Hong Kong (Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press, 2003)
47 Elizabeth Sinn, Power and Charity, 206-208.
4 8 He n r y J . L e t h b r i d g e , ¡ T h e D i s t r i c t W a t c h Committee: The Chinese executive council of Hong Kong,¡ 217.
56 1907
6 10 Living: The Repatriation of Migrants¡ Remains in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries,¡ Papers was presented at Conference on ¡ Indigenous Charities:
Historical Studies of Charity Institutions across Culture¡ held by History Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong during 6-8 November 2008.
61 Elizabeth Sinn, Power and Charity, 32-35.
62 Shelton Hooper, The Sanitary Board, in Twentieth Century Impressions of Hong Kong, 158.
6 3 J a m e s W . H a y e s , T h e H o n g K o n g R e g i o n 1850-1911: Institutions and Leadership in Town and Countryside (Connecticut: Archon Books, 1977), 65-66.
64 Ch an Ch euk -wah, Th e Myth of Hong Kon g¡s Laissez-faire Economic Governance 1960s and 1970s (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of
Asia-65 Hao Yen-ping, The Commercial Revolution in Nineteenth-Century China: The Rise of Sino-We stern Merca nt ile Ca pi tal ism, ( Be rk eley : University of California Press, 1986), 164.
6 6 粵
1949 1997 5
6 7
2005 73