• 沒有找到結果。

HUVECs

Figure 6-1. The role of carnosic acid and ursolic acid in the prevention of atherosclerosis.

resistin

ROS

VCAM-1 ICAM-1 E-selectin

adhesion molecules

carnosic acid

ursolic acid

References

Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications, part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med. 1998, 15, 539 –553.

Albu S, Joyce E, Paniwnyk L, Lorimer JP, Mason TJ. Potential for the use of ultrasound in the extraction of antioxidants from Rosmarinus officinalis for the food and pharmaceutical industry. Ultrason Sonochem. 2004, 11, 261–265.

Assaf MH, Ali AA, Makboul MA, Beck JP, Anton R. Preliminary study of phenolic glycerosides from Origanum majorana; quantative estimation of arbutin; cytotoxic activity of hydroquinone. Planta Medica 1987, 53, 343–345.

Atreya I, Atreya R, Neurath NF. NF-κB in inflammatory bowel disease. J Intern Med.

2008, 263, 591–596.

Bagamboula CF, Uyttendale M, Debevere J. Antimicrobial effect of spicesd and herbs on Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri. J Food Prot. 2003, 66, 668–673.

Beckman JS, Koppenol WH. Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite: the good, the bad, and ugly. Am J Physiol. 1996, 5, C1424–C1437.

Bistrup A, Tsay D, Shenoy P, Singer MS, Bangia N, Luther SA, Cyster JG, Ruddle NH, Rosen SD. Detection of a sulfotransferase (HEC-GlcNAc6ST) in high endothelial venules of lymph nodes and in high endothelial venule-like vessels within ectopic lymphoid aggregates: relationship to the MECA-79 epitope. Am J Pathol. 2004, 164, 1635–1644.

Blankenberg S, Barbaux S, Tiret L. Adhesion molecules and atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis. 2003, 170, 191-203.

Bradfield PF, Nourshargh S, Aurrand-Lions M, Imhof BA. JAM family and related proteins in leukocyte migration. Atheroscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007, 27, 2104 –2112.

Cooke JP, Oka RK. Does leptin cause vascular disease? Circulation. 2002, 106, 1904–1905.

Crowther MA. Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis Hematology 2005, 1, 436-441.

Daferea DJ, Ziogas BN, Polissiou MG. GC-MS analysis of essential oils from some Greek aromatic plants and their fungitoxicity on Penicillium digitatum. J Agric Food Chem. 2000, 48, 2576-2581.

Davignon J, Ganz P. Role of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2004, 109, III-27–III-32.

Deans SG, Svoboda KP. The antimicrobial properties of marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) volatile oil. Flavour Fragrance J. 1990, 5, 187-190.

El-Ashmawy IM, El-Nahas AF, Salama OM. Protective effect of volatile oil, alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Origanum majorana on lead acetate toxicity in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005, 97, 238–243.

Elena G and Klaus L. Vascular adhesion molecules in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007, 27, 2292-2301.

Elrayess MA, Webb KE, Flavell DM, Syvanne M, Taskinen MR, Frick MH, Nieminen MS, Kesaniemi YA, Pasternack A, Jukema JW, Kastelein JJ, Zwinderman AH, Humphries SE. A novel functional polymorphism in the PECAM-1 gene (53G_A) is associated with progression of atherosclerosis in the LOCAT and REGRESS studies.

Atherosclerosis. 2003, 168, 131–138.

Eriksson EE, Xie X, Werr J, Thoren P, Lindbom L. Importance of primary capture and

L-selectin-dependent secondary capture in leukocyte accumulation in inflammation and atherosclerosis in vivo. J Exp Med. 2001, 194, 205–218.

Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III). JAMA. 2001, 285, 2486 –2497.

Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2000. JAMA 2002, 288, 1723–1727.

Fuster V, Moreno PR, Fayad ZA, Corti R, Badimon JJ. Atherothrombosis and high-risk plaque. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005, 46, 937–954.

Haffner S and Taegtmeyer H. Epidemic obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Circulation 2003, 108, 1541-1545.

Harrison D, Griendling KK, Landmesser U, Hornig B, Drexler H. Role of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis. Am J Cardiol. 2003, 91, 7A–11A.

Hogg N, Henderson R, Leitinger B, McDowall A, Porter J, Stanley P. Mechanisms contributing to the activity of integrins on leukocytes. Immunol Rev. 2002, 186, 164 –171.

Holcomb IN, Kabakoff RC, Chan B, et al. FIZZ1, a novel cysteinerich secreted protein associated with pulmonary inflammation, defines a new gene family. EMBO J. 2000, 19, 4046–55.

Huang MT, Ho CT, Wuang ZY, Ferraro T, Luo YR, Stauber K, Ma W, Georgiadis C, Laskin JD, Conney AH. Inhibition of skin tumorigenesis by rosemary and ots constituents carnosol and ursolic acid. Cancer Res. 1994, 54, 701–708.

Hynes RO. Integrins: bidirectional, allosteric signaling machines. Cell. 2002, 110, 673–

687.

Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2001, 24, 683– 689.

Janowska J, Barbara ZM, Magdalena OG. Relationship between serum resistin concentration and proinflammatory cytokines in obese women with impaired and normal glucose tolerance. Metabolism Clinical and Experimental. 2006, 55, 1495– 1499.

Kim DK, Baek JH, Kang CM, Yoo MA, Sung JW, Chung HY, et al. Apoptotic activity of ursolic acid may correlate with the inhibition of initiation of DNA replication. Int J Cancer. 2000, 87, 629–36.

Kita T, Kume N, Minami M, Hayashida K, Murayama T, Sano H, Moriwaki H, Kataoka H, Nishi E, Horiuchi H, Arai H, Yokode M. Role of oxidized LDL in atherosclerosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001, 947, 199–205.

Kiyofumi N, Hisashi M, Hiroshi S, Norihisa N, Naoki K, Tomoe Y, Toshio M, Masayuki Y. Carnosic acid, a new class of lipid absorption inhibitor from sage. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004, 14, 1943-1946.

Kojda G, Harrison D. Interactions between NO and reactive oxygen species:

pathophysiological importance in atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and heart failure.

Cardiovasc Res. 1999, 43, 562–571.

Kurzinger K, Reynolds T, Germain RN, Davignon D, Martz E, Springer TA. A novel lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1): cellular distribution, quantitative expression, and structure. J Immunol. 1981, 127, 596–602.

Lemieux I, Pascot A, Couillard C, et al. Hypertriglyceridemic waist: a marker of the atherogenic metabolic triad (hyperinsulinemia; hyperapolipoprotein B; small, dense LDL) in men? Circulation. 2000, 102, 179–184.

Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature 2002, 420, 868-874.

Li JJ, Nie SP, Xu B, Guo YL, Gao Z and Zheng X. Inflammation in variant angina: Is there any evidence? Med Hypotheses. 2007, 68, 635-640.

Liu J. Pharmacology of oleanolic and ursolic acid. J Ethnopharmacol. 1995, 49, 57–68.

Luo BH, Carman CV, Springer TA. Structural basis of integrin regulation and signaling.

Annu Rev Immunol. 2007, 25, 619–647.

Manez S, Recio MC, Giner RM, Rios JL. Effect of selected triterpenoids on chronic dermal inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol. 1997, 334, 103–5

Manka D, Collins RG, Ley K, Beaudet AL, Sarembock IJ. Absence of p-selectin, but not intercellular adhesion molecule-1, attenuates neointimal growth after arterial injury in apolipoprotein e-deficient mice. Circulation. 2001, 103, 1000 –1005.

McEver RP. Selectins: lectins that initiate cell adhesion under flow. Curr Opin Cell Biol.

2002, 14, 581–586.

Muller WA. Leukocyte-endothelial-cell interactions in leukocyte transmigration and the inflammatory response. Trends Immunol. 2003, 24, 327–334.

Nakashima Y, Raines EW, Plump AS, Breslow JL, Ross R. Upregulatio of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 at atherosclerosis-prone sites on the endothelium in the ApoE-deficient mouse.

Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998, 18, 842– 851.

Newman PJ, Berndt MC, Gorski J, White GC, Lyman S, Paddock C, Muller WA.

PECAM-1 (CD31) cloning and relation to adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. Science. 1990, 247, 1219–1222.

Newman PJ, Newman DK. Signal transduction pathways mediated by PECAM-1: new roles for an old molecule in platelet and vascular cell biology. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003, 23, 953–964.

Nishino H, Nishino A, Takayasu J, Hasegawa T, Iwashima A, Hirabayashi K, et al.

Inhibition of the tumor-promoting action of 12-Otetradecanoylphorbol- 13-acetate by some oleanane-type triterpenoid compounds. Cancer Res. 1988, 48, 5210–5.

Nostro AA, Blanco R, Cannatelli MA, Cannatelli V, Enea G, Flamini I, Morelli RA, Aloazo V. Susceptibility of methicillinresistant Staphylococci to oregano essential oil, carvacrol and thymol. FEMS Microbl Lett. 2004, 230, 191–195.

Novak J, Bitsch C, Langbhn J, Pank F, Shoula M, Gotsiou Y, Franz C. Ratios of cis- and trans- Sabinene hydrate in Origanum majorana L. and Origanum microphyllum (Bentham) Vogel. Bioch. Syst. Ecol. 2000, 28, 697–704.

O’Brien KD, McDonald TO, Chait A, Allen MD, Alpers CE. Neovascular expression of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in human atherosclerosis and their relation to intimal leukocyte content. Circulation. 1996, 93, 672– 682.

Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the united states, 1999–2004. JAMA 2006, 295, 1549–1555.

Patel L, Buckels AC, Kinghorn IJ, et al. Resistin is expressed in human macrophages and directly regulated by PPAR gamma activators. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003, 300, 472–476.

Pelillo M, Cuvelier ME, Biguzzi B, Toschi TG, Berset C, Lercker G.. Calculation of the molar absorptivity of polyphenols by using liquid chromatography with diode array detection: the case of carnosic acid. J Chromatogr. 2004, 1023, 225-229.

Poirier P, Giles TD, Bray GA, Hong Y, Stern JS, Pi-Sunyer FX, Eckel RH. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss.

Circulation. 2006, 113, 898-918.

Rader DJ. Inflammatory markers of coronary risk. N Engl J Med 2000, 343, 1179–1182

Rajala MW, Obici S, Scherer PE, and Rossetti L. J Clin Invest. 2003, 111, 225-230.

Rajala MW, Obici S, Schere PE, et al. Adipose-derived resistin and gut-derived resistin-like molecule ob selectively impair insulin action on glucose production. J Clin Invest. 2003, 111, 225 - 230.

Ross R. Atherosclerois is an inflammatory disease. Am Heart J. 1999, 138, 419–420.

Ross R. Atherosclerois - an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999, 340, 115–126.

Savage DB, Sewter CP, Klenk ES, et al. Resistin/Fizz3 expression in relation to obesity and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor- action in humans. Diabetes. 2001, 50, 2199–2202.

Schonbeck U, Sukhova GK, Shimizu K, Mach F, Libby P. Inhibition of CD40 signaling limits evolution of established atherosclerosis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000, 97, 7458-7463.

Shuldiner AR, Yang R, Gong DW. Resistin, obesity and insulin resistance: the emerging role of the adipocyte as an endocrine organ. N Engl J Med. 2001, 345, 1345–1346.

Skilton MR, Nakhla S, Sieveking DP, Caterson ID, Celermajer DS. Pathophysiological levels of the obesity related peptides resistin and ghrelin increase adhesion molecule expression on human vascular endothelial cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2005, 32, 839-844.

Sonnenberg GE, Krakower GR and Kissebah AH. A novel pathway to the manifestations of metabolic syndrome. Obesity Research 2004, 12, 180–186.

Sperandio M, Smith ML, Forlow SB, Olson TS, Xia L, McEver RP, Ley K. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 mediates L-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling in venules. J Exp Med. 2003, 197, 1355–1363.

Steppan CM, Bailey ST, Bhat S, et al. The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes.

Nature. 2001, 409, 307–312.

Steppan CE, Bailey ST, Elizabeth SB, Brown J, Banerjee RR, Wright CM, Patel HR, Ahima RS, Lazar MA. The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes. Nature. 2000, 409, 307-312.

Stocker R, Keaney JF, Jr. Role of oxidative modifications in atherosclerosis. Physiol Rev.

2004, 84, 1381–1478.

Stoll G and Bendszus M. Inflammation and atherosclerosis: novel insights into plaque formation and destabilization. Stroke. 2006, 37, 1923-1932.

Suh N, Honda T, Finlay HJ, Barchowsky A, Williams C, Benoit NE, et al. Novel triterpenoids suppress inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in mouse macrophages. Cancer Res. 1998, 58, 717–23.

Ting AY and Endy D. Decoding NF-κB Signaling. Science. 2008, 298, 1189 – 1190.

Tokuda H, Onigashi H, Koshimizu K. Inhibitory effects of ursolic and oleanolic acid on skin tumor promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoilphorbol- 13-acetate. Cancer Lett. 1986, 33, 279–285.

Vasquez-Vivar J, Kalyanaraman B, Martasek P. The role of tetrahydrobiopterin in superoxide generation from eNOS: enzymology and physiological implications. Free

Radic Res. 2003, 37, 121–127.

Velluti A, Sanchis V, Romas J, Egido J, Marin S. Inhibitory effect of cinnamon, clove, lemongrass, oregano and palmarose essential oil on growth and fumonisin B1 production by Fusarium proliferatum in maize grain. Int J Food Microbiol. 2003, 89, 145–154.

Vera RR, Chane MJ. Chemical composition of the essential oil of marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) from Reunion Island. Food Chem. 1999, 66, 143-145.

Verma S, Li SH, Wang CH, Fedak WM, Li RK, Weisel RD, Mickle AG. Resistin promotes endothelial cell activation further evidence of adipokine-endothelial interaction.

Circulation. 2003, 108, r24-r28.

Yang RZ, Huang Q, Xu A, et al. Comparative studies of resistin expression and phylogenomics in human and mouse. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003, 310, 927–935.

Zalba G, Fortun˜ o A, Dı’ez J. Oxidative stress and atherosclerosis in early chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006, 21, 2686–2690.

Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Shaw J. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic.

Nature. 2001, 414, 782–787.

相關文件