~甜珠、張春榮:英語首語重被修辭法研究
FORGET the slander you have heard.
Forget the hasty unkind word.
Forget the quarrel and the cause.
Forget the whole affair because Forget it is the only way:
Forget the storm of yesterday.
Forget those with the sour face.
Forget and smile in any place.
Forget the trials you have had.
Forget the weather if it's bad.
Forget the knocker. he's a freak.
Forget him seven days 且 week.
Forget you 're not a millionaire.
Forget the gray streaks in your hair.
Forget wherever you may roam.
Forget when traveling or at home.
Myrtle May Drydan: "Just Forget"
137
全詩旬首重出 Forget 十六次，以平行敘述，展開忘懷的主題:忘記所聽的毀謗，
忘記匆匆說過不友善的話，忘記爭執與原因，忘記整個事件來龍去脈，因為忘記是唯 一的妙方。忘記昨天的暴風雨，忘記那些臉色難看的人。忘記，然後在任何地方開懷 而笑，忘記你有過磨難，忘記不好的天氣，忘記對你打擊的人，他是怪物，一星期忘 記他七天，忘記你自己不是百萬富翁，忘記你的自髮。忘記吧，不論你到何處，不論 旅行或在家。而全詩在層層排比中，指出生活的智慧要能過而不留;對不好的人事糾 葛，要沾而不滯，不必在乎;讀內心永遠通暢光亮，無所牽扯;如此，縱橫天地，逍 遙自在，才是上上之策。
When I look upon the tombs of the great. every emotion of envy dies in me:
when I read the epitaphs of the beautiful. every inordinate desire goes out:
when I meet with the grief of parents upon a tombstone. my heart melts with compassion: when I see the tomb of the parents themselves. I consider the vanity of grieving for those whom we must quickly follow: when I see kings lying by those who deposed them. when I consider rival wits placed side by side or the holy men that divided the world with their contests and disputes. I reflect with sorrow and astonishment on the little competitions. factions and debates of mankind. When I read the several dates of the tombs. of some that died yesterday. and some six hundred years ago. I consider that great Day when we shall all of us be contemporaries. and make our appearance together.
Joseph Addison: "Westminster Abbey"
Joseph Addison(l 672-1719) 英國著名小品散文家。與友 Sir Richard Steele 合辦 The Tatler 及 Spectator 兩雜誌。 Westminster Abbey 位於倫敦的 Westminster 區，國會附近，
泰唔斯河畔，為英王加冕處，並為歷代帝王后妃及名人埋葬紀念之所。
此文排比敘述面對墳墓的各種思索。當膽視偉人之墓，曾經嫉忌的情緒消失無蹤，
審視美人之墓，非分貪想也全都瓦解流失;眼見墓碑上父母之悲哀，心中一片同情傷
感。眼見為人父母之墓，念及吾儕必須前後相繼，何其空虛無聊。目睹帝王與仇殺者 同歸塵土，目睹爭炫智士或給世界製造更多糾紛議題的聖人共葬於此，不禁對人類之 瑣屑競爭與結黨爭論，湧起驚愕悲哀之情。當讀著墓上所刻的時間，或死於昨日，或 逝於六百年前，我不禁想起最後將降臨的偉大日子，上帝將對所有的人加以審判。全
文經由死亡的撞擊，一洗貪戀榮華美女之心，洞悉生命之無奈，看清炫智之無聊;人 生似幻化，終當歸虛無，宗教的正義才是最後唯一的寄託。
With malice toward none. with charity for all. with firmness in the right. as God gives us to see the right. let us strive on to finish the work we are in.
酌酵獸醫皆ttE寡Tibw
顏鵡珠、張春漿:英語首語重被修辭法研究 139
to build up the nation 's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and orphans; to do all which may achieve and cher-ish a just and a lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.
Abraham Lincoln: "The Second Inaugural Address"
本文選自林肯總統一八六五年三月四日第二次就職演說詞。時值美國南北戰爭
( 1861-1865) ，文中以排比旬法， with 三次重出，強調對任何人不懷惡意，對所有人
抱持善心，對上帝堅守正義的信念;接著指出讓我們盡力完成正進行之任務，以排比 旬法， to 三次重出，用以癒合國家的傷痕，關懷戰死的烈士及遺屬，致力於爭取並維 持我國與世界之永久和平，可說黃鐘大呂'語意蟬鏘有力。
Voltaire conquered; Voltaire waged the splendid kind of warfare, the war of one alone against all; that is to say. the grand warfare. The war of thought against matter, the war of reason against prejudice, the war of the just against the unjust. the war for the oppressed against the oppressor, the war of goodness, the war of kindness. He had the tenderness of a woman and the wrath of a hero. he was a great mind and an immense heart.
He conquered the old code and the old dogma. He conquered the feudal lord. the Gothic judge. the Roman priest. He raises the populace to the dignity of people. He taught, pacificated, and civilized. He fought for Sirven and Mont-bailly, as for Calas and La Barre; he accepted all the menances. all the out-rages. all the persecutions. calummy, and exile. He was indefatigable and im-movable. He conquered violence by a smile. despotism by sarcasm. infallibility by irony. obstinacy by perseverance, ignorance by truth.
Victor Marie Hugo: "Voltaire"
本文選自 1878 年雨果在伏爾泰逝世一百週年紀念會上的演講詞。伏爾泰( Voltaire
1694-1778 )為法國詩人、史學及哲學家，並長於戲劇、諷刺文體，思想獨樹一幟，立
Blessed are the poor in spirit. for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
Blessed are those who mourn. for they shall be comforted.
Blessed are the meek. for they shall inherit the earth.
Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness. for they shall be filled.
Blessed are the merciful. for they shall obtain mercy.
Blessed are the pure in heal"t. for they shall see God.
Blessed are the peacemakers. for they shall be called sons of God.
Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake. for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
Blessed are you when they revile and persecute you. and say all kinds of evil against you falsely for My sake.
以431aSaa--aa遍
for so in heaven.
your reward they persecuted the prophets who were before you.
for great is Rejoice and be exceedingly glad.
頗 i~ 珠、張春費是:英語首語重被修辭法研究
The Holy Bible : Matthew 5 141
〈聖經﹒馬太福音〉第五章，耶穌教導門徒，旬首重出 Blessed are 九次(旬中重 出 for) ，以排比方式敘述「虛心的人有褔 J r 衷慟的人有褔 J r 溫柔的人有褔 J r 飢
渴慕義的人有福 J r 憐恤的人有福 J r 清心的人有福 J r 使人和睦的人有福 J r 為義 受逼迫的人有福 J r 人若因我辱罵、逼迫、捏造各樣壞話毀謗你們，你們有福了」
指出具有虛心、衷慟、溫柔、慕義、憐恤、清心品質，及使人和睦、為義受逼迫者，
將被神所眷顧，得以進天國，這些人的福分並非在目前，而在天圓的賞賜;值此之故，
即使遭遇困呃，猶如以前先知所經歷的，不必懊惱沮喪，反而應當「歡喜快樂」才是。
(註四)
肆、結論
本篇概略探討英文首語重複修辭之分類、特色及功用。限於篇幅，引述難免疏漏，
尚折賜正。就技巧而言，首語重複並非高難度的修辭技巧，易學易用，變化無窮。然 使用不當，則有單調、機械之弊。唯名家運用首語重複，兼顧內容與形式之美，藉字 詞重出，以求旬型的統一、整齊;藉意旨的不同開展，以求錯綜、變化。因此，經由 此技巧之研習，相信能讓學生輕易理解音節重出之美，文義衍申之妙，明白同中求異，
異中求同的美學原則(註五)。
附註
付本文莎士比亞劇本台詞和十四行詩皆參照梁實秋教授譯本。
。本文惠特曼詩文中譯皆參照楊耐冬教授譯本。
(或以上詩文中譯請參梁實秋( 1985:2390-2 )。
的以上經文中譯請參〈聖經新約全書〉中英對照本。國際基甸會中華民國總會出版。
ω 本文寫作期間承蒙邱煥堂教授提供寶貴意見，特此誌謝。
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