李秀珠、遲嫻儒（2004）。〈組織中上行影響策略之研究：比較西方及 中國式上行影響策略之差異〉，《新聞學研究》，80: 89-126。
姜定宇、鄭伯壎（2003）。〈組織忠誠、組織承諾、及組織公民行 為〉，鄭伯壎（編），《組織行為研究在台灣—三十年回顧與 展望》，頁 115-152。台北：桂冠。
黃光國（1988）。〈人情與面子：中國人的權力遊戲〉，黃光國（
編），《中國人的權力遊戲》，頁 1-55。台北：桂冠。
陳素秋譯（2006）。《文化社會學的實踐》。台北：韋伯。（原書 Edles, L. D. [2002]. Cultural sociology in practice. Malden, MA:
Blackwell Publishers. ）
葉蓉慧、陳凌（2004）。〈由個人自我構念價值看中國、香港與台灣之 文化趨向與爭辯行為〉，《新聞學研究》，80: 51-88。
Brinson, S. L., & Benoit, W. L. (1999). The tarnished star: Restoring Texaco’s damaged public image. Management Communication Quarterly, 12(4), 483-510.
Chacko, H. E. (1990). Methods of upward influence, motivational needs, and administrators’ perceptions of their supervisors’ leadership styles.
Group & Organization Studies, 15(3), 253-265.
Chen, G., & Chung, J. (1994). The impact of Confucianism on organizational communication. Communication Quarterly, 42(2), 93-105.
Chow, C. W., Lindguist, T. M., & Wu, A. (2001). A national culture and the implementation of high-stretch performance standards: An exploratory study. Behavioral Research in Accounting, 13, 25-26.
Elyon, D., & Au, K. Y. (1999). Exploring empowerment cross-cultural differences along the power distance dimension. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 23(3), 373-385.
Falbe, C. M., & Yukl, G. (1992). Consequences for managers of using single influence tactics and combinations of tactics. Academy of Management Journal, 35, 638-652.
Gudykunst, W. B., Matsumoto, Y., Ting-Toomey, S., Nishida, T., Kim, K., &
Heyman, S. (1996). The influence of cultural individualism-collectivism, self-construals, and individual values on communication styles across cultures. Human Communication Research, 22, 510-543.
Hirokawa, R. Y., Mickey, J., & Miura, S. (1991). Effects of request of legitimacy on the compliance-gaining tactics of male and female managers. Communication Monographs, 58, 421-436.
Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Hofstede, G. H., & Fang, C. F. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Hunt, M. D., & Waldron, V. R. (1994). The subordinate’s view: A communication inventory of talk between subordinates and their supervisors. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Speech Communication Association, New Orleans.
Kellermann, K., & Cole, T. (1994). Classifying compliance-gaining messages: Taxonomic disorder and strategies confusion.
Communication Theory, 4(1), 3-60.
Kim, M. S., Aune, K. S., Hunter, J. E., Kim, H. J., & Kim, J. S. (2001). The effect of culture and self-construals on predispositions toward verbal
communication. Human Communication Research, 27(3), 382-408.
Kim, M. S., Hunter, J. E., Miyahara, A., Horvath, A., Bresnahan, M., &
Yoon, H. J. (1996). Individual- vs. culture-level dimensions of individualism and collectivism: Effects on preferred conversational styles. Communication Monographs, 63, 28-49.
Kim, U. (1994). Individualism and collectivism: Conceptual clarification and elaboration. In U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, Ç. Kâgitçibasi, S. C. Choi &
G. Yoon (Eds.), Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method and applications (pp. 19-40). Newbury, CA: Sage.
Kipnis, D., & Schmidt, S. M. (1988). Upward-influence styles: Relationship with performance evaluations, salary, and stress. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33, 528-542.
Kipnis, D., Schmidt, S. M., & Swaffin-Smith, C., & Wilkinson, L. (1984).
Patterns of managerial influence strategies: Shotgun managers, tacticians, and bystanders. Organizational Dynamics, 12, 58-67.
Kipnis, D. (1984). The use of power in organizations and in interpersonal settings. In S. Oskamp (Ed.), Applied social psychology annual:
Applications in organizational setting (pp. 179-210). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Kipnis, D., & Schmidt, S. M. (1982). Profiles of organizational influence strategies. Toronto: University Associates.
Kipnis, D., Schmidt, S. M., & Wilkinson (1980). Interorganizational influence tactics: Explorations in getting one’s way. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 440-452.
Krippendorff, K. (1980). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Krone, K. J. (1994). Structuring constraints on perceptions of upward
influence and supervisory relationships. The Southern Communication Journal, 59(3), 215-226.
Krone, K. J. (1992). A comparison of organizational, structural, and relationship effects on subordinates’ upward influence choices.
Communication Quarterly, 40(1), 1-15.
Law, K. S., Wong, C., Wang, D., & Wang, L. (2000). Effect of supervisor-subordinate guanxi on supervisory decisions in China: An empirical investigation. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(4), 751-765.
Lee, J. (1998a). Effective maintenance communication in superior-subordinate relationships. Western Journal of Communication, 62(2), 181-208.
Lee, J. (1998b). Maintenance communication in superior-subordinate relationships: An exploratory investigation of group social context and the “Pelz Effect.”. The Southern Communication Journal, 63(2), 144-159.
Lee, J., & Jablin, F. M. (1995). Maintenance communication in superior-subordinate work relationships. Human Communication Research, 22, 220-257.
Li, S. S. (2000, November). Relationship quality, situational context, and upward communication strategies: An examination of Chinese working adults in Taiwan. Paper presented at the annual conference of the National Communication Association, Seattle.
Li, S. S. (1995, November). Compliance-gaining strategies used by superiors and subordinates in Chinese media organizations. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Speech Communication Association, San Antonio.
Lu, S. (1997). Culture and compliance gaining in the classroom: A preliminary investigation of Chinese college teachers’ use of behavior alteration techniques. Communication Education, 46, 10-28.
Lustig, M. W., & Koester, J. (1996). Intercultural competence: Interpersonal communication across cultures. New York: HarperCollins College Publishers.
Ma, R. (1992). The role of unofficial intermediaries in interpersonal conflicts in the Chinese culture. Communication Quarterly, 40(3), 269-276.
Ma, R., & Chuang, R. (2001). Persuasion strategies of Chinese college students in interpersonal contexts. The Southern Communication Journal, 66(4), 267-278.
Mader, T. F., & Mader, D. C. (1991). Understanding one another:
Communicating interpersonally. Dubuque, IA: Brown & Benchmark Publishers.
Maslyn, J. M., Farmer, S. M., & Fedor, D. D. (1996). Failed upward influence attempts: Predicting the nature of subordinate persistence in pursuit of organizational goals. Group and Organization Management, 21, 461-480.
Riccillo, S. C., & Trenholm, S. (1983). Predicting managers’ choice of influence mode: The effects of interpersonal trust and worker attributions on managerial tactics in a simulated organizational setting. Western Journal of Speech Communication, 47, 323-339.
Schilit, W. K. (1987). Upward influence activity in strategic decision making:
An examination of organizational differences. Group and Organization Studies, 12, 343-368.
Schmidt, S. M., & Kipnis, D. (1984). Manager’s pursuit of individual and organizational goal. Human Relations, 37, 781-794.
Scott, W. (1955). Reliability of content analysis: The case of nominal scale coding. Public Opinion Quarterly, 17, 321-325.
Sellnow, T. L., & Brand, J. D. (2001). Establishing the structure of reality for an industry: Model and anti-model arguments as advocacy in Nike’s crisis communication. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 29(3), 278-295.
Tsui, A. S., & Farh, J. L. (1997). Where guanxi matters: Relational demography and guanxi in the Chinese context. Work &
Occupations, 24(1), 56-79.
Waldron, V. R. (1999). Communication practices of followers, members, and protégés: The case of upward influence tactics. In M. E. Roloff (Ed.), Communication yearbook 22 (pp. 251-299). New Brunswick, N.J.:
International Communication Association.
Waldron, V. R. (1991). Achieving communication goals in superior-subordinate relationships: The multi-functionality of upward maintenance tactics. Communication Monographs, 58, 289-306.
Waldron, V. R., & Hunt, M. D. (1992). Hierarchical level, length, and quality of supervisory relationship as predictors of subordinates’ use of maintenance tactics. Communication Reports, 5(2), 82-89.
Waldron, V. R., Hunt, M. D., & Dsilva, M. (1993). Towards a threat management model of upward communication: A study of influence and maintenance tactics in the leader-member dyad. Communication Studies, 44, 256-272.
Wheeless, L. R., Barraclough, R., & Stewart, R. (1983). Compliance-gaining and power in persuasion. In R. Bostrom (Ed.), Communication Yearbook 7 (pp. 105-145). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Wimmer, R. D., & Dominick, J. R. (2003). Mass media research: An
introduction. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Xin, K. R. (1997). Asian American managers: An impression gap?—An investigation of impression management and supervisor-subordinate relationship. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 33(3), 335-355.
Yeh, R. (1995). Downward influence styles in cultural diversity settings. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 6(3), 626-641.
Yukl, G., & Falbe, C. M. (1990). Influence tactics and objectives in upward, downward, and lateral influence attempts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(2), 132-140.
Yukl, G., Kim, H., & Falbe, C. M. (1996). Antecedents of influence outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 309-317.
Yum, J. O. (1988). The impact of Confucianism on interpersonal relationships and communication patterns in East Asia.
Communication Monographs, 55, 374-388.