Chapter 1 Introduction
1.6 Application Scenarios
Before presenting the detailed design of the proposed system, three major target application scenarios are first discussed below. The proposed system targets applications in long-term medical observation, emergency care and potential researches on brain function and cognitive science.
1.6.1 Long-Term Observation
Traditional electroencephalogram acquisition systems and DOT systems are very bulky and very heavy. As a result, these expensive equipment installations are only possible in the hospital setting. For patients requiring long-term observation such as seizure, epileptic and degenerative brain disease patients, they have no choice but to stay in the hospital for long periods of time under stringent observation protocols, degrading severely their quality of life.
Furthermore, because these equipment lack wireless communication features, many connecting wires (one for each channel) come between the subject and the monitoring
equipment, thus restricting free movement and bringing tremendou patient. Figure 1
Figure 1-1
enlargement at head part (c) Frequency Domain DOT System (d) Frequency domain DOT
The proposed system, shown in
portable and inexpensive solution such that the subject is freed from the abovementioned restrictions. With wireless capability, the patient needs only wear a light
headgear for EEG and DO
unrestricted movement and significantly improving his or her healthcare experience.
Biomedical data received at the base station volatile storage media for further off
equipment, thus restricting free movement and bringing tremendou 1-1 shows some
1 (a) Traditional EEG measuring equipment (b)
enlargement at head part (c) Frequency Domain DOT System (d) Frequency domain DOT
The proposed system, shown in
portable and inexpensive solution such that the subject is freed from the abovementioned restrictions. With wireless capability, the patient needs only wear a light
headgear for EEG and DOT, coupled with a few electrodes for ECG, thus granting the patient unrestricted movement and significantly improving his or her healthcare experience.
Biomedical data received at the base station storage media for further off
equipment, thus restricting free movement and bringing tremendou some traditional
(a)
(c)
Traditional EEG measuring equipment (b)
enlargement at head part (c) Frequency Domain DOT System (d) Frequency domain DOT system enlargement at head part
The proposed system, shown in
portable and inexpensive solution such that the subject is freed from the abovementioned restrictions. With wireless capability, the patient needs only wear a light
T, coupled with a few electrodes for ECG, thus granting the patient unrestricted movement and significantly improving his or her healthcare experience.
Biomedical data received at the base station storage media for further off
6
equipment, thus restricting free movement and bringing tremendou
traditional EEG and DOT acquisition instruments.
Traditional EEG measuring equipment (b)
enlargement at head part (c) Frequency Domain DOT System (d) Frequency domain DOT system enlargement at head part
The proposed system, shown in Figure
portable and inexpensive solution such that the subject is freed from the abovementioned restrictions. With wireless capability, the patient needs only wear a light
T, coupled with a few electrodes for ECG, thus granting the patient unrestricted movement and significantly improving his or her healthcare experience.
Biomedical data received at the base station can be
storage media for further off-line processing, analysis and diagnosis. In addition, equipment, thus restricting free movement and bringing tremendou
and DOT acquisition instruments.
Traditional EEG measuring equipment (b)
enlargement at head part (c) Frequency Domain DOT System (d) Frequency domain DOT system enlargement at head part
1-2, addresses this problem by offering a portable and inexpensive solution such that the subject is freed from the abovementioned restrictions. With wireless capability, the patient needs only wear a light
T, coupled with a few electrodes for ECG, thus granting the patient unrestricted movement and significantly improving his or her healthcare experience.
can be displayed in real
line processing, analysis and diagnosis. In addition, equipment, thus restricting free movement and bringing tremendous inconvenience to the
and DOT acquisition instruments.
(b)
(d)
Traditional EEG measuring equipment (b) Traditional EEG System enlargement at head part (c) Frequency Domain DOT System (d) Frequency domain DOT
system enlargement at head part
, addresses this problem by offering a portable and inexpensive solution such that the subject is freed from the abovementioned restrictions. With wireless capability, the patient needs only wear a light
T, coupled with a few electrodes for ECG, thus granting the patient unrestricted movement and significantly improving his or her healthcare experience.
displayed in real
line processing, analysis and diagnosis. In addition, s inconvenience to the and DOT acquisition instruments.
(b)
(d)
Traditional EEG System enlargement at head part (c) Frequency Domain DOT System (d) Frequency domain DOT
, addresses this problem by offering a portable and inexpensive solution such that the subject is freed from the abovementioned restrictions. With wireless capability, the patient needs only wear a light-weight comfortable T, coupled with a few electrodes for ECG, thus granting the patient unrestricted movement and significantly improving his or her healthcare experience.
displayed in real-time, and stored into line processing, analysis and diagnosis. In addition, s inconvenience to the
Traditional EEG System enlargement at head part (c) Frequency Domain DOT System (d) Frequency domain DOT
, addresses this problem by offering a portable and inexpensive solution such that the subject is freed from the abovementioned weight comfortable T, coupled with a few electrodes for ECG, thus granting the patient unrestricted movement and significantly improving his or her healthcare experience.
time, and stored into line processing, analysis and diagnosis. In addition, s inconvenience to the
, addresses this problem by offering a portable and inexpensive solution such that the subject is freed from the abovementioned weight comfortable T, coupled with a few electrodes for ECG, thus granting the patient unrestricted movement and significantly improving his or her healthcare experience.
time, and stored into line processing, analysis and diagnosis. In addition,
the data can be sent from the base station to a remote workstation in a hospital for online monitoring and diagnosis by a medical expert.
With an inexpensive and portable
signal acquisition device, improving significantly his or her quality of life, and allowing more realistic biomedical monitoring more closely in accordance to the patient’s daily
style.
Figure 1-2
1.6.2 Emergency Care
Current brain imaging technologies used in hospitals are not useful in emergency situations. For example, due to its
an ambulance, even though cerebral hemorrhage is a very common case for car accident victims. If the ambulance can be equipped with a portable CW DOT device on board, occurrence of cerebral hemorrha
necessary preparations can be relayed to the hospital in advance even when the ambulance is still en route.
1.6.3 Research on Brain and Cognitive Science
Past researches have shown that the electroencephal
information about the human cognitive process. As a result, related topics such as brain computer interface
the data can be sent from the base station to a remote workstation in a hospital for online monitoring and diagnosis by a medical expert.
With an inexpensive and portable
signal acquisition device, improving significantly his or her quality of life, and allowing more realistic biomedical monitoring more closely in accordance to the patient’s daily
2 Application scenario for the proposed wearable brain monitoring system Emergency Care
Current brain imaging technologies used in hospitals are not useful in emergency situations. For example, due to its
an ambulance, even though cerebral hemorrhage is a very common case for car accident victims. If the ambulance can be equipped with a portable CW DOT device on board, occurrence of cerebral hemorrha
necessary preparations can be relayed to the hospital in advance even when the ambulance is
Research on Brain and Cognitive Science
Past researches have shown that the electroencephal
information about the human cognitive process. As a result, related topics such as brain computer interface [10], artificial intelligence, electronic prosthesis and artificial neural the data can be sent from the base station to a remote workstation in a hospital for online monitoring and diagnosis by a medical expert.
With an inexpensive and portable
signal acquisition device, improving significantly his or her quality of life, and allowing more realistic biomedical monitoring more closely in accordance to the patient’s daily
Application scenario for the proposed wearable brain monitoring system
Current brain imaging technologies used in hospitals are not useful in emergency situations. For example, due to its massive size, a CT scanning machine cannot be equipped in an ambulance, even though cerebral hemorrhage is a very common case for car accident victims. If the ambulance can be equipped with a portable CW DOT device on board, occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage can be quickly determined on site, while requests for necessary preparations can be relayed to the hospital in advance even when the ambulance is
Research on Brain and Cognitive Science
Past researches have shown that the electroencephal
information about the human cognitive process. As a result, related topics such as brain , artificial intelligence, electronic prosthesis and artificial neural
7
the data can be sent from the base station to a remote workstation in a hospital for online monitoring and diagnosis by a medical expert.
With an inexpensive and portable implementation, the patient can even bring home the signal acquisition device, improving significantly his or her quality of life, and allowing more realistic biomedical monitoring more closely in accordance to the patient’s daily
Application scenario for the proposed wearable brain monitoring system
Current brain imaging technologies used in hospitals are not useful in emergency massive size, a CT scanning machine cannot be equipped in an ambulance, even though cerebral hemorrhage is a very common case for car accident victims. If the ambulance can be equipped with a portable CW DOT device on board, ge can be quickly determined on site, while requests for necessary preparations can be relayed to the hospital in advance even when the ambulance is
Research on Brain and Cognitive Science
Past researches have shown that the electroencephal
information about the human cognitive process. As a result, related topics such as brain , artificial intelligence, electronic prosthesis and artificial neural the data can be sent from the base station to a remote workstation in a hospital for online
implementation, the patient can even bring home the signal acquisition device, improving significantly his or her quality of life, and allowing more realistic biomedical monitoring more closely in accordance to the patient’s daily
Application scenario for the proposed wearable brain monitoring system
Current brain imaging technologies used in hospitals are not useful in emergency massive size, a CT scanning machine cannot be equipped in an ambulance, even though cerebral hemorrhage is a very common case for car accident victims. If the ambulance can be equipped with a portable CW DOT device on board, ge can be quickly determined on site, while requests for necessary preparations can be relayed to the hospital in advance even when the ambulance is
Research on Brain and Cognitive Science
Past researches have shown that the electroencephal
information about the human cognitive process. As a result, related topics such as brain , artificial intelligence, electronic prosthesis and artificial neural the data can be sent from the base station to a remote workstation in a hospital for online
implementation, the patient can even bring home the signal acquisition device, improving significantly his or her quality of life, and allowing more realistic biomedical monitoring more closely in accordance to the patient’s daily
Application scenario for the proposed wearable brain monitoring system
Current brain imaging technologies used in hospitals are not useful in emergency massive size, a CT scanning machine cannot be equipped in an ambulance, even though cerebral hemorrhage is a very common case for car accident victims. If the ambulance can be equipped with a portable CW DOT device on board, ge can be quickly determined on site, while requests for necessary preparations can be relayed to the hospital in advance even when the ambulance is
Past researches have shown that the electroencephalogram (EEG) contains important information about the human cognitive process. As a result, related topics such as brain , artificial intelligence, electronic prosthesis and artificial neural the data can be sent from the base station to a remote workstation in a hospital for online
implementation, the patient can even bring home the signal acquisition device, improving significantly his or her quality of life, and allowing more realistic biomedical monitoring more closely in accordance to the patient’s daily
Application scenario for the proposed wearable brain monitoring system
Current brain imaging technologies used in hospitals are not useful in emergency massive size, a CT scanning machine cannot be equipped in an ambulance, even though cerebral hemorrhage is a very common case for car accident victims. If the ambulance can be equipped with a portable CW DOT device on board, ge can be quickly determined on site, while requests for necessary preparations can be relayed to the hospital in advance even when the ambulance is
ogram (EEG) contains important information about the human cognitive process. As a result, related topics such as brain , artificial intelligence, electronic prosthesis and artificial neural the data can be sent from the base station to a remote workstation in a hospital for online
implementation, the patient can even bring home the signal acquisition device, improving significantly his or her quality of life, and allowing a more realistic biomedical monitoring more closely in accordance to the patient’s daily
Application scenario for the proposed wearable brain monitoring system
Current brain imaging technologies used in hospitals are not useful in emergency massive size, a CT scanning machine cannot be equipped in an ambulance, even though cerebral hemorrhage is a very common case for car accident victims. If the ambulance can be equipped with a portable CW DOT device on board, ge can be quickly determined on site, while requests for necessary preparations can be relayed to the hospital in advance even when the ambulance is
ogram (EEG) contains important information about the human cognitive process. As a result, related topics such as brain , artificial intelligence, electronic prosthesis and artificial neural the data can be sent from the base station to a remote workstation in a hospital for online
implementation, the patient can even bring home the a more realistic biomedical monitoring more closely in accordance to the patient’s daily
Current brain imaging technologies used in hospitals are not useful in emergency massive size, a CT scanning machine cannot be equipped in an ambulance, even though cerebral hemorrhage is a very common case for car accident victims. If the ambulance can be equipped with a portable CW DOT device on board, ge can be quickly determined on site, while requests for necessary preparations can be relayed to the hospital in advance even when the ambulance is
ogram (EEG) contains important information about the human cognitive process. As a result, related topics such as brain , artificial intelligence, electronic prosthesis and artificial neural
8
tissues have become an active and challenging research area in recent years. Even more recently, the research community is seeking more innovative ways of understanding the human brain, with the functional near-infrared (fNIR) technology showing great promise.
Through fNIR, the cortical hemodynamic response can be localized thereby showing which area of the brain is active at a given point in time [11]. The flexible nature of DOT, which uses a wearable imaging cap shown in Figure 1-1d, makes it well-suited to human brain studies in enriched environments and for a wide range of behavioral paradigms and activations [12], including visual [11], motor tasks [13], somatosensory system [14], auditory [15], speech [16], and language [17]. Although technologies like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) together with multiple-channel EEG can provide significantly higher brain activity resolution, their high cost and huge size result in low availability for academic research.