Figure 1.1 Building Section
Green House DC Fan PV Technology Water Wall Natural Resource
2.0 Innovation in Engineering and Construction
3.0 Innovation in Energy Efficiency
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DC-Powered Fans: While most electronics in a house use AC electricity, Delta Electronics has developed● Retrofit LED Lamps of long life cycle and high energy saving
● Artistic industrial design offering both elegance and performance
● Selections of color temperature and dimming fuction to fullfill diverse request
● 90% of composition recyclable for better environmental friendliness
● World’s number one provider of switching power supplies to support in-house LED driver technology
● Reliable quality, manufacture capability, and global logistics by Delta Group 40-year establishment
A lamp Omni PARPAR MR16 Tube Driver
w w w . d e l t a w w . c o m
Light-thru BIPV Module GCG125-6P66FL0
All specifications are subject to change without prior notice 2 models are available with different
junction box positions:
GCG125-6P66FL0 (Junction box on the right) GCG125-6P66FL2 (Junction box in the middle)
* IEC 61215 & Safety Class II
* IEC 61730
Standard Test Conditions:1,000 W/m2, AM 1.5, and cell temperature of 25°C Temperature Coeff. of Voc Temperature Coeff. of Isc
-40°C to +85°C 700 kgf/m2 2.5cm ice-ball with 23 m/sec -0.0752 V/°C 0.004 A/°C
Light-thru BIPV Module GCG125-6P66FL0 Number of Cells Junction Box 6” Poly (156*156 mm) 36 IP65 Tyco with 3 bypass diodes Tyco cable with plugs x 1 (2 Meters, 4 mm2) IP67 Tyco plugs 6 mm Saint-Gobain low-iron tempered glass EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl-Acetate) 6 mm tempered glass 25%
Orchid House
ture house would not stay in a comfortable range without active solar heating, but we also have passive methods, such as a thermal mass wall and louvers at the north side of the house to draw out air by nega-tive pressure, that reduce the energy load.
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Rainwater Collecting and Dew Harvesting: The design of our house makes use of all resources with as little waste as possible. We specifically designed the roof so that collecting rainwater and harvesting dew hap-pens naturally, without any need for human or mechanical labor. The liquid will be used for our water wall, and for watering the various plants around the house through drip irrigation. Drip irrigation is a relatively new way of watering plants that supplies plants with exactly the amount of water they need, thus prevent-ing unnecessary waste.5.0 Innovation in Urban Design, Transportation, and Affordability
5.1 Urban Regeneration:
We use the word “regeneration” to indicate our dedication to cause as little disturbance as possible in our mission to revamp the city and its social housing system. Taipei city has very little available space, and we do not wish to destroy pre-existing buildings, so our solution is to build on rooftops. We studied the rooftop configurations of Taiwan, and came up with dimensions for our house that are adaptable to the most com-mon forms of buildings in the city.
4.0 Innovation in Communication and Social Awareness
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Bamboo Fox Bed & Breakfast: Instead of letting the hype over the Orchid House die down after the end of the SDE competition, we wish to contin-ue our momentum and push strongly for better recognition of sustainable practices. Before the competition, we will be broadcasting news of the Or- chid House through as many channels and to as broad an audience as pos-sible; after the competition, we will allow those interested to stay a night in the actual Orchid House. Through this project, we will be able to convince people that a better future lies in green energy and conserving resources.Solar Energy Rainwater Collection Create Energy :
987
GWH / yearRainwater Collection :
20,448
ton / yearIncrease Social Housing Ratio :
12.07%
New urban public-use space on the rooftop Cost & Earn
New urban landscape
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Planting the Solar Seeds: Besides focusing on spreading awareness of green energy and sustainable practices to the public, we also want to target the literal future – the next generation of architects and home-owners.With this communication strategy, we will plant the seeds of environmental awareness in the minds of the primary and secondary school students. All levels of society are important to this project, not just those with low-income who will benefit from the implementation of our project as social housing.
5.2 Transportation
Our main strategy for efficient transportation is pre-fabrication. We designed the house as a module, which when combined with use of RFID, decreases construction time, increases quality control, lowers costs, and allows for easy assembly. Furthermore, because the Orchid House is designed as parts, if it ever needs to be removed from the rooftop – perhaps if the original building is being renovated or torn down – it is easily disassembled and moved to another location.
5.3 Affordability
Our plan for the Orchid House to act as a prototype for social housing includes making sure that it is not only af-fordable to maintain, but also to construct. The costs for building the Orchid House will be split into three parts:
30% paid by the government, 30% by the residents of the original building, and 40% by energy serving companies (ESCO).
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Government: Since social housing is supposed to be the government’s responsibility, paying only 30% of the constructions cost will be an added incentive.•
ESCO: ESCO’s will be willing to shoulder part of the costs because their company mission is to provide com-prehensive energy solutions.•
Residents: Residents of row houses and duplex apartments will be willing to pay for 30% because they will receive rent. The costs for building an extension on the apartments is already low because the rooftop land is for free; when the 30% is further divided among the multiple households of the row house or duplex apart-ment. Also, because the houses are pre-fabricated and can be manufactured by parts, the more houses that are commissioned, the lower the cost.
Our design also contributes to improving the conditions of urban life such as:
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Water: The Orchid House collects and uses rainwater and dew for maintenance of the house, which prevents rainwater from leaking into buildings, reduces the burden placed on city sewage systems, and contains stormwater runoff•
Power: The Orchid House can generate up to 987,000 KWH per year. As the house is extremely electric-ity-efficient, other occupants of the buildings can also share the power.•
Public Amenities: On duplex apartments when the Orchid House module is mirrored to create a “C”shape, the empty area within can be used by all the occupants of the building, whether for socializing or for an extension of the elevator.
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Heat-Island Effect: Our design includes various areas within and around the house dedicated to growing plants, which will help reduce the urban heat island effect and alleviate carbon emissions in the city.•
Social Housing: The Orchid House is a prototype for future homes built for the social housing system.Taipei’s statistics for social housing is currently low at 0.64%; with our project, the city will see an in-crease up to 12.71%.
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Skyline: The Orchid House provides green vegetation among the concrete and glass buildings during the day and gives off a soft glow at night. This will be a vast improvement from the current shoddy sheet metals and water tanks that dot the skyline.Orchid House
1.0 Objective
Cities in Taiwan contain buildings with illegal structures. Everyone tries to gain a little more living space by en-croaching vertically. Solar Decathlon is an opportunity to make people rethink what they have done, and what is crucial for a better world. Orchid House strives to solve problems such as electricity and water usage, along with social housing at once, in a smarter and more sustainable way.
2.0 Introduction: Sustainability Concept applied
We can all learn from Nature. A house is like a plant. The leaves creates de
w drops, and the root absorbs water, then circulate in the stems, and the leaves performs photosynthesis. This cy-cle creates water and energy, properly stored, then supply to the entire plant. Our house will function the same, as the solar panels absorb light from the sun, converted and stored in the battery, then supply to the rest of the house. We can also harvest water, circulate, recycle and reuse our own water.
Our house design concept is based on the Taiwanese local conditions, however, we believe those systems are applicable to any other locations of earth. Here are the sustainable approaches to the house which we have incorporated during the design process:
1. Light weight structure with BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) system 2. Highly insulated structural panel for living space
3. Solar thermal water device for radiant flooring
4. Humidity and temperature control system develop upon the green house technology 5. Water circulation systems
To create and control a comfortable living environment, we incorporate a special building system at the Orchid House. First we created a skin, which is semi-covered for shading and ventilation purpose. The inside core is the actual living area, where we will have a well-controlled system to keep temperature and humidity levels even.
Figure 2.1 Concept Sketch of Living Plant
3.0 Bioclimatic Strategies
There are three key bioclimatic strategies we have learned from Orchid’s eco-system:
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No direct sunlight•
Good ventilation•
No excess waterTo mimic the living environment, the Orchid House’s outer skin serves as a canopy to filter direct sunlight and reduce heat gain in the interior space. Large swinging doors opens up and let in cool air, which then go out through the operated windows on the mezzanine level. The sloped solar panel harvest rainwater which are stored, filtered, and can be used for irrigation.
orchid
Figure 2.2 Initial Concept Sketch
Orchid House
3.1 Water
To make a greater use of water, we have created two water zones in the house and have implemented the fol-lowing systems:
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Rain water collection•
Dew harvesting•
Grey water recyclingThe first water zone in the Orchid House will collect rainwater, which is used for the water wall and for evapora-tion cooling. The metal sheets in the water zone will create dew drops when due to temperature difference, which we can collect and use as well. The water will then be filtered and used for toilet flushing and irrigation.
The second water zone in the back of the house provides clean water, recycles all the used water from house, which is filtered then pumped into the gray water tank for vegetation irrigation.
The combined system does not only help reduce storm water runoff, but also reduces the wasting of potable water. During the competition weeks, we expect to reduce the waste water to nearly 0. In the city of Taipei, we have approximately 10,000,000 m² roof area, which we could expect to harvest more than 20,000 tons of water in a year.
source：Department of Land, Taipei City Government
Rainwater collection
Rainwater Collection :
[4-5 stories ßoor area / (4-5 stories) stories]*Rainfall per year
Rainfall per year
2.9103 m (total Rainfall, 2012) Rooftop Area
[40,150,320 (m2)/4 (stories)]=10,037,580 m2
1. Reduce the burden of Sewage treatment plant 11. Increase grey water collection
Deviation-take 70% performance
Rooftop Area * Rainfall per year
≒ 20,448 ton / year
3.2 Solid Waste
3.2.1 Assessment PlanThe pre-fabricated method allows 90% of the materials to be fabricated off-site. During construction process, any wasted material need to recycled directly in the plant. The building parts will be designed to be fabricated with numerically controlled machine, which as laser cutter or CNC machine. Detail assessment plan will be described in the next deliverables.
3.2.2 Management of Domestic Waste
The people of Taiwan have progressed far in recycling and minimizing waste, and it is mandatory to separate and recycle garbage in cities. Kitchen waste is especially separated for making fertilizer or pig fed. Currently, Taiwan has 24 incinerators, and all of these incinerators are the waste-to-energy type. The heat generated from burning garbage is converted into electricity and sold to the electric company. Kitchen waste takes up to 20-30% of the weight of household garbage. We want to advocate the policy of sorting, collecting and recycling, then the expected landfills maybe lengthened.
Figure 3.1.1: Expected rain water harvest in Taipei, Taiwan (annual)
3.3 Material
3.3.1 Materials selection
The main structure will be steel, which can be recycled an infinite number of times with no loss of product quality. This is incredibly sustainable, and the use of scrap steel, as opposed to virgin ore, has the following estimated environmental impacts:
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Reducing air pollution by 86%•
Saving energy by 74%•
Reducing water consumption by 40%Glass is the other one of the few materials that can be recycled infinitely without losing strength, purity or qual-ity. All glazing used in the Orchid House are recycled in the local facilqual-ity. For every 1,000kg of waste glass recycled into new items saves 314 kilograms of carbon dioxide from being released into atmosphere during the process of making new glass. Therefore, we want to focus on these 2 materials to construct most of the structures of the house.
3.3.2 Enclosure description
The glass laminated PV panel cuts internal gain by 40%, while letting most of the sunlight through the interior space. The 10-meter long thermal mass on the west side is filled with water to create a 12-hour time lag. The beginning point of the tour is strategically placed at the west facade, so visitors can see the panoramic projec-tion on the wall while waiting.
3.3.3 Maintenance Plan
Since our house is designed to be built in parts, factories can pre-fabricate the parts and ship them to the job site, and maintenance becomes easy and quick. However, since the materials we have used are mainly steel and glass, we do not expect it to need maintenance for at least 10 years.
Figure 3.3.1.1 Steel, Scrap Steel, Glass
Figure 3.3.2.1 West Elevation with projection on the thermal wall
Orchid House
3.3.4 Incorporated Energy
This calculation will be included in the next deliverables.
3.3.5 Incorporated CO2
This calculation will be included in the next deliverables.
3.4 Solar Facilities
This calculation will be included in the next deliverables.
3.5 Equipment
All the appliances in the house, including washing machine, dryer and oven, etc., will be approved by the Taiwanese government and given a green certification. All lighting will be LED, provided by our sponsor Delta Electronics, Inc., that are 90% recyclable, with ex-tended 90,000 hour life time. HVAC system is combined with a heat reclaim ventilator, to further reduce wasted energy. Radiant flooring that utilizes the hot water from the solar water heater is installed in the main living space. In addition, rain water is recycled and run through the water wall system. Together with DC fan, it becomes another energy and water saving system. Orchid House combines passive and the active systems to create a better solution and to be more sustainable.
3.6 Transportation
Orchid House relies on the three principles to reduce cost and energy impact:
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Pre-fabrication•
Local production•
Smaller partsThe building materials are pre-fabricated locally to reduce transportation distance, and the smaller part makes shipping with regular size container easier, thus reducing the carbon footprint. The smaller parts can be handled with smaller machines and we can expect a huge saving on labor time and machine power.
Figure 3.6 Trucks Shipment
Figure 3.5.1 Green Certification
NCTU