• 沒有找到結果。

Indeed, Lydia’s marriage also reminds us of another important marriage described earlier in the text. Of the many family stories Lydia hears from her mother, the marriage between her parents remains her favorite. Lydia and her sister repetitively urge their mother to re-tell “the whole story [. . .] in correct sequence” (10). Their strong interest in the process of the

courtship and marriage of their parents may be dismissed as young girls’ general fascination with whatever romantic. Or, one may argue that the marital union between parents is always important of their children, for it provides the children with a sense of safety, a feeling of familial belonging, and a guarantee of their familial unity. To me, however, Lydia and her sister’s strong interest in the story of their parent’s marriage could be attributed to this marriage’s special position in preserving and extending Lydia’s family line. And the fact that this marriage takes place during the wartime Japanese American relocation adds further symbolic significance to this marital affiliation. First, the union between a Kibei mother and a Nisei father—two persons of different backgrounds—testifies to the family’s ability to grow by taking in the different. As Lydia asserts, the marriage between her mother and father creates a “new familial network” (11, emphasis mine). Moreover, arranged during the Second

World War, when most Japanese Americans are under the threat of familial disruption and community disintegration, the marriage features a wish-fulfillment for most Japanese Americans. It symbolizes the strength and resilience of a Japanese American family that grows despite the hostile socio-political situation. By formulating this marriage, Minatoya intervenes into the history. She writes Japanese American relocation into a chance-ground for two Japanese Americans, who would otherwise remain strangers to each other, to meet and achieve a marital union.

To conclude, this paper explores the possible domestic interventions into our conception of Asian America. Paying special attentions to the domestic dimensions of Japanese America in The Floating World and Talking to High Monks, I have tried to make clear how an

“unhomely” Japanese American domicile intervenes into the open world through a re-inventing of its own constitutive complexities. Both texts present Japanese American families as temporally-shifting and territorially-unbounded. The familial present is perpetually invaded by the emergence of its past in the form of telling-stories or re-told histories.

Moreover, the open road, be it domestic or international, is—to quote from Obāsan—always of “too much magic” (32) and provides the space of unpredictable development and

emergence of Japanese American families. The writing of a family, a home, and a domestic space remains inseparable from our conception of the community, the nation, and the public domain. The fluidity of families mirrors the heterogeneous constitutions of a nation. Never completely self-enclosed, the family life intervenes into the nation with its everyday convolution. As this paper should have demonstrated, when unfixing the boundary of Japanese American families, both The Floating World and Talking to High Monks help us conceive a Japanese America that ceaselessly stretches to other people and different places.

Making mobility and contacts with others the dominant mode of existence, the two texts restore our conception of Japanese America to its “real” hybridities, porosity, movement, and transgression.

Works Cited

Bammer, Angelika. “Mother Tongues and Other Strangers: Writing ‘Family’ across Cultural Divides.” Displacements: Cultural Identities in Question. Ed. Angelika Bammer.

Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994. 90-109.

Bhabha, Homi K. “The World and the Home.” 1992. Dangerous Liaisons: Gender, Nation,

and Postcolonial Perspectives. Ed. Anne McClintock, Aamir Mufti, and Ella Shohat.

Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997. 445-455.

Chu, Patricia P. Assimilating Asians: Gendered Strategies of Authorship in Asian America.

Durham: Duke University Press, 2000.

Dirlik, Arif. “The Asian Pacific Idea in Asian-American Perspective.” What Is in a Rim?:

Critical Perspectives on the Pacific Region Idea. Ed. Arif Dirlik. Boulder: Westview, 1993. 305-329.

Freud, Sigmund. “The ‘Uncanny.’” 1919. The Standard Edition of the Complete

Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Trans. and Ed. James Strachey. Vol. XVII.

London: The Hogarth Press, 1955. 217-252. 24 vols.

Gilbert, Sandra M. and Susan Gubar, eds. Preface. No Man’s Land: The Place of the Woman Writer in the Twentieth Century, Vol. III, Letters from the Front. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994. xi-xvii.

Hareven, Tamara K. “The Home and the Family in Historical Perspective.” Social Research 58.1 (1991): in Database: Academic Search Premier, 26 pages.

Kadohata, Cynthia. The Floating World. New York: Ballantine, 1989.

Kaplan, Amy. “Manifest Domesticity.” American Literature 70.3 (1998): 581-606.

Lacan, Jacques. The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book XX Encore: On Feminine Sexuality and the Limits of Love and Knowledge. 1972-1973. Trans. Bruce Fink. Ed. Jacques-Alain Miller. New York: Norton, 1998.

Li, David Leiwei. Imagining the Nation: Asian American Literature and Cultural Consent.

Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998.

Lowe, Lisa. Immigrant Acts: On Asian American Cultural Politics. Durham: Duke University Press, 1996.

McClintock, Anne. “‘No Longer in a Future Heaven’: Gender, Race, and Nationalism.”

Dangerous Liaisons: Gender, Nation, and Postcolonial Perspectives. Ed. Anne

McClintock, Aamir Mufti, and Ella Shohat. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997. 89-112.

Minatoya, Lydia Yuri. Talking to High Monks in the Snow: An Asian American Odyssey. New York: HarperCollins, 1992.

Mura, David. Where the Body Meets Memory: An Odyssey of Race, Sexuality, and Identity.

New York: Anchor Books, 1996.

Okada, John. No-No Boy. 1957. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1976.

Ono, Kent A. “Re/signing ‘Asian American’: Rhetorical Problematics of Nation.” Amerasia Journal 21:1&2 (1995): 67-78.

Park, You-me and Gayle Wald. “Native Daughters in the Promised Land: Gender, Race, and the Questions of Separate Spheres.” American Literature 70.3 (1998): 607-633.

Pearlman, Mickey. “Cynthia Kadohata.” Listen to Their Voices: Twenty Interviews with Women Who Write. New York: Norton, 1993. 112-120.

Sarkar, Sheila. “Cynthia Kadohata and David Wong Louie: The Pangs of a Floating World.”

Critical Mass: A Journal of Asian American Cultural Criticism 2.1 (1994): 79-97.

Yanagisako, Sylvia. “Transforming Orientalism: Gender, Nationality, and Class in Asian American Studies.” Naturalizing Power: Essays in Feminist Cultural Analysis. New York: Routledge, 1995. 275-298.

---. Transforming the Past: Tradition and Kinship among Japanese Americans. Stanford:

Stanford University Press, 1985.

Yogi, Stan. “Japanese American Literature.” An Interethnic Companion to Asian American Literature. Ed. King-Kok Cheung. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

125-154.

IV.

Title:Skinny Ladies, Skinless Women: Eating, Bodily Surface, and Bodily Fluids in The

相關文件