Control 0.6 6 60 150 300
Ratio of cyclin B1 mRNA
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
Figure 17. RT-PCR analysis of cyclin B1and beta-actin in human stomach cancer (SC-M1) cells for treatment with different doses of apigenin. (A) Gel electrophoresis. Lane 1:
DMSO;Lane 2:0.6 µM;Lane 3:6 µM;Lane 4:60 µM;Lane 5:150 µM;Lane 6:300 µM. (B) The statistic figure of cyclin B1 mRNA levels. Values are mean±
SD n= 2
β-actin (353 bp)
Cyclin B1 (720 bp)A.
1 2 3 4 5 6
B.
Concentration of apigenin (mM)
Control 0.6 6 60 150 300
Ratio of cyclin D1 mRNA
0.0 0.5 1.0
Figure 18. RT-PCR analysis of cyclin D1and beta-actin in human stomach cancer (SC-M1) cells for treatment with different doses of apigenin. (A) Gel electrophoresis. Lane 1:DMSO;Lane 2:0.6 µM;Lane 3:6 µM;Lane 4:60 µM;Lane 5:150 µM;
Lane 6:300
µM. (B) The statistic figure of cyclin D1 mRNA levels. Values are
mean± SD n= 2β-actin (353 bp)
Cyclin D1 (495 bp)A.
1 2 3 4 5 6
B.
Concentration of apigenin (mM)
Control 0.6 6 60 150 300
Ratio of CDK2 mRNA
0.0 0.5 1.0
Figure 19. RT-PCR analysis of CDK2 and beta-actin in human stomach cancer (SC-M1) cells for treatment with different doses of apigenin. (A) Gel electrophoresis. Lane 1:DMSO;Lane 2:0.6 µM;Lane 3:6 µM;Lane 4:60 µM;Lane 5:150 µM;
Lane 6:300
µM. (B) The statistic figure of CDK2 mRNA levels. Values are
mean± SD n= 2β-actin (353 bp)
CDK2(330 bp)
A.
1 2 3 4 5 6
B.
Concentration of apigenin (mM)
Control 0.6 6 60 150 300
Ratio of p21 mRNA
0.0 0.5 1.0
Figure 20. RT-PCR analysis of p21 and beta-actin in human stomach cancer (SC-M1) cells for treatment with different doses of apigenin. (A) Gel electrophoresis. Lane 1:
DMSO;Lane 2:0.6 µM;Lane 3:6 µM;Lane 4:60 µM;Lane 5:150 µM;Lane 6:300 µM. (B) The statistic figure of p21 mRNA leve ls. Values are mean± SD
β-actin (353 bp)
p21 (380 bp)A.
1 2 3 4 5 6
B.
Concentration of apigenin (mM)
Control 0.6 6 60 150 300
Ratio of p53 mRNA
0.0 0.5 1.0
Figure 21. RT-PCR analysis of p21 and beta-actin in human stomach cancer (SC-M1) cells for treatment with different doses of apigenin. (A) Gel electrophoresis. Lane 1:
DMSO;Lane 2:0.6 µM;Lane 3:6 µM;Lane 4:60 µM;Lane 5:150 µM;Lane 6:300 µM. (B) The statistic figure of p53 mRNA levels. Values are mean± SD n= 2
β-actin (353 bp)
p53 (293 bp)(二)檢測 17
α
-estradiol 對胃癌細胞株(SC-M1)細胞生長方面的影響由實驗結果 Figure 23.至 Figure 28.發現當 17
α
-estradiol (60、100、150µ
M) 濃度增加,SC-M1 細胞的細胞膜漸漸產生皺折而且懸浮在細胞培養液的細胞 成凋亡(apoptosis)更明顯,因此我們可以推論胃癌細胞在 17α
-estradiol 24 和 48 小時作用之後所造成的細胞死亡是使 SC-M1 細胞 DNA 產生斷裂造成細胞的 凋亡。(4) 檢測 17
α
-estradiol 對胃癌細胞株(SC-M1)細胞週期的影響由實驗結果 Figure 30.觀察到 17
α
-estradiol (60、150、300、600µ
M)可使 SC-M1 細胞週期停止在 G2/M 期,隨著藥物濃度的增加停止於 G2/M 期細胞 漸增,且在 24 小時作用後,SC-M1 細胞停止在 G2/M 期的最明顯,而在 6 和 12 小時細胞週期並沒有受到影響。從 18 小時作用已經可以初步看到,因為在 18 小時已經可以發現隨著17α
-estradiol 藥物濃度增加,停在 G0/G1 期的 SC-M1 細胞已經漸漸減少,相對的 S 和 G2/M 期則是漸漸上升。(5) 檢測 17
α
-estradiol 對胃癌細胞株(SC-M1)細胞週期素(Cyclins)的影響由細胞週期的結果已經發現在 24 小時 17
α
-estradiol 可使 SC-M1 細胞的細CDK1 隨著濃度增加很明顯受到抑制,而調節細胞週期由 S 期進入 G2/M 期的 cyclin E 和 CDK2 及調節 G0/G1 期的 cyclin D1、cyclin D2、cyclin D3 和 CDK6 則是沒有很大影響。
SC-M1 細胞內 p53 經 24 小時 17
α
-estradiol 作用後,隨著濃度增加並沒有 很明顯受到抑制,控制組 88.40±1.08,實驗組分別為 0.6µ
M:85.87±0.24、6µ
M:84.43±1.00、30µ
M:81.23±1.19、60µ
M:80.03±1.00、100µ
M:78.47±0.59、150
µ
M:77.88±0.41 及 300µ
M:71.81±0.75,此結果可由統計 Figure 32 顯示。(6) 檢測 17
α
-estradiol 對人類胃癌細胞株(SC-M1)細胞內細胞週期素(Cyclins)基因 表現的影響經 24 小時作用後發現 SC-M1 細胞內調節細胞週期 G2/M 期的 cyclin B1 mRNA 的量並沒有隨著 17
α
-estradiol 濃度增加而受到抑制(Figure 33.),調節細 胞進入 G0/G1 期的 cyclin D1 及 CDK2 mRNA 的量也沒有受到抑制(Figure 34、35),但是 cyclin E 隨著濃度增加漸漸受到抑制 (Figure 36.) 。對於 cyclin- dependent kinase inhibitor 包括 p53 和 p21 方面,p53 mRNA 的量(Figure 37.) 沒有明顯受到 17
α
-estradiol 的抑制,而 p21 mRNA 的量(Figure 38.)則是漸漸增 加。Incubation time (hr)
Figure 22. Percentage of viable SC-M1 cells after cotreatment with different doses of 17α-estradiol for 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 hrs incubated. After the treatment of various concentrations of apigenin, cells were harvested PI stain solution and assayed for % viable cells by FACS analysis. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.
Value= mean± SD, n=3 *P<0.05, **P<0.005, ***P<0.001
A. B.
C. D.
E. F.
Figure 23. The morphology of human stomach cancer (SC-M1) cells after exposure to 17α-estradiol for 6 hr then were examined and photographed by phase microscope (200x). A:Control, B:6 µM, C:30 µM, D:60 µM, E:100
µM, F:150 µM.
A. B.
C. D.
E. F.
Figure 24. The morphology of human stomach cancer (SC-M1) cells after exposure to 17α-estradiol for 12 hr then were examined and photographed by phase microscope (200x). A:Control, B:6 µM, C:30 µM, D:60 µM, E:100
µM, F:150 µM.
A. B.
C. D.
E. F.
Figure 25. The morphology of human stomach cancer (SC-M1) cells after exposure to 17α-estradiol for 18 hr then were examined and photographed by phase microscope (200x). A:Control, B:6 µM, C:30 µM, D:60 µM, E:100
µM, F:150 µM.
A. B.
C. D.
E. F.
Figure 26. The morphology of human stomach cancer (SC-M1) cells after exposure to 17α-estradiol for 24 hr then were examined and photographed by phase microscope (200x). A:Control, B:6 µM, C:30 µM, D:60 µM, E:100
µM, F:150 µM.
A. B.
C. D.
E. F.
Figure 27. The morphology of human stomach cancer (SC-M1) cells after exposure to 17α-estradiol for 36 hr then were examined and photographed by phase microscope (200x). A:Control, B:6 µM, C:30 µM, D:60 µM, E:100
µM, F:150 µM..
A. B.
C. D.
E. F.
Figure 28. The morphology of human stomach cancer (SC-M1) cells after exposure to 17α-estradiol for 48 hr then were examined and photographed by phase microscope (200x). A:Control, B:6 µM, C:30 µM, D:60 µM, E:100
µM, F:150 µM.
A.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Figure 29. An agarose electrophresis of DNA from human stomach cancer (SC-M1) cells after exposure to various concentrations of 17α-estradiol for A:24 hr;B:48 hr. Lane 1:Maker;Lane 2:DMSO;Lane 3:6
µM;Lane 4:30 µM;Lane 5:60 µM;
Lane 6:150 µM;Lane 7:300 µM.
A. B.
Concentration of 17α-estradiol (µM)
control 0.06 0.6 6 60 150 300 600
percentage of cell number
control 0.06 0.6 6 60 150 300 600
percentage of cell number
control 0.06 0.6 6 60 150 300 600
percentage of cell number
control 0.06 0.6 6 60 150 300 600
percentage of cell number
control 0.06 0.6 6 60 150 300 600
percentage of cell number
control 0.06 0.6 6 60 150 300 600
percentage of cell number
Figure 30. The cell cycle distribution of SC-M1 cells growing in the percentage of different doses of 17α-estradiol for 6hr (A), 12 hr (B), 18 hr (C), 24 hr (D), 36 hr (E) or 48 hr
A.