Concluding remarks - 台灣華語字彙產製之音韻變化性

Chapter 5 Discussion

5.4 Concluding remarks

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accord with Sosa and Stoel-Gammon (2012). They suggested that high frequency facilitates both word recognition and word production, that is, the relationship

between syllable type frequency and variability rate may respond to the rule that

‘practice makes perfect’, so the more the children produce a certain kind of syllable

type, the lower the variability rate of that type is.

5.4 Concluding remarks

The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the issue concerning phonological variability of children acquiring Taiwan Mandarin. Two aspects are included: the overall variability pattern, and the syllable types that composed the variable phonetic forms of words. The overall variability pattern, the syllable type frequency, variability rates, and the substitution pattern of immature syllable types were examined. From the analysis and discussion, the patterns of variability displayed by these children observed here indicate that variability pattern is influenced by the development of speech neuromotor control, the phonemic representation, and also the linguistic reorganization process. At early stage in phonological development, since the speech motor control is not mature, the variability rate is high. When children’s lexicon starts to grow, their phonemic representation development then becomes mature. However, when linguistic reorganization happens, and in this case, the onset of two-word combination and the increased amount of different word, variability rate increases

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again. Presumably, the system would once again stabilize and variability would then decrease. The process may continue until children were 7 years old. This study didn’t

show the once-again stabilized pattern of variability.

Concerning the syllable type frequency, variability rates, and substitution pattern, the results would be in support of the markedness theory of syllable proposed by Jakobson (1941/68). The comparison showed that syllable types with higher frequency as well as syllable types used frequently in replacing others are more unmarked ones. Syllable types with lower frequency and syllable types that were replaced by others frequently are more marked ones. Furthermore, syllable types contained more complex structure, that is, a more marked syllable, would present high variability rates. It would be beneficial for future work to trace patterns of phonological variability for more participants, for longer duration, and carefully examine the

development of both variability and accuracy of individual words over time. Furthermore, comparing the syllable types used in motherese and children might also provide different view in the syllable acquisition in Taiwan Mandarin.

All in all, the findings in this thesis provide evidence of the process of phonological

variability in Taiwan Mandarin

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