Conclusion

5.1 Conclusion

In this thesis, a frequency quadrupler was designed and analyzed. This nonlinear circuit was fabricated using 90-nm low leakage CMOS technology.

The frequency quadrupler makes a better use of the existing sub-harmonic mixing to enhance the generation efficiency. According to the measurement results, the sub-harmonic mixing provides a increment of 4 to 6 dB for the method of merely direct generation without additional power consumption. Furthermore, the fabulous spur harmonic suppression make the practical application more convenient, and the DC power consumption is still lower than prior works. Of course, detailed analyses and investigations were demonstrated to optimize the performance.

5.2 Future Work

The mechanism of generating the forth-order harmonic at 4f0 is intrinsically a broadband technique. An output tank with broader frequency response could further accentuate the advantage of the quadrupler. Moreover, the frequency tuning range of VCO is rather narrow at high operating frequency. Therefore, base on the VCO operating at low frequency with the property of large FTR and low phase noise, through the multiplier to turn into a high frequency source with the great performance more than the VCO designed at high frequency.

Figure 5.1 shows the FTR of VCO published in recent years. It clear reveals the degradation as operation frequency increasing. Therefore, our target is the frequency which exceed the fmax of the most advanced process.

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Figure 5.1 The FTR of VCO published in recent years.

63

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66

Vita

姓名：任根生

出生日期：中華民國七十二年七月十九日 學經歷：

國立新竹高級中學 (88 年 9 月～90 年 7 月)

國立中央大學電機工程學系 (90 年 9 月～95 年 2 月)

國立交通大學電子工程研究所 (97 年 9 月～100 年 9 月)

[1] P. Wambacq and W. M. C. Sansen, Distortion analysis of analog integrated circuits. Boston, Mass: Kluwer Academic, 1998.