Chapter 4 General Discussion
4.4 Conclusion
As one of the first studies which employed the eye-tracking method to investigate
off 30 years ago. The fruits of this study demonstrated the advantages of the eye-tracking
method as a useful technique in exploring the moment-to-moment processes of sight
translation. It would be farfetched to say that the process of interpreting has been wholly
revealed. However, the present study, as a continuation of previous studies which have
employed tools in cognitive psychology, has marked the beginning of another stage in
interpretation studies. It is strongly recommended that researchers in the field of T&I
continue to conduct empirical studies which make use of these cognitive psychology tools
for it is believed that they will lead us to revealing more about the process of interpreting.
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Appendix A. Experiment Materials manufacturing industry. Take a car manufacturing company for example.
The mood of a worker on the assembly line may not influence the quality of a car. However, in a hotel, there are hundreds of employees every one of them is a “product” of the company. If one of the employees treats a customer in an unfriendly manner, the customer will be unhappy.
Therefore, it is important to pay attention to every detail in the service industry because every employee makes a difference.
Comprehension questions
服務業跟生產業其實沒有差別。(X)
The service industry and the manufacturing industry are no different.
旅館的員工如果對客人不友善，客人就會感到不開心。(O)
Translation
After most people buy a bike, a motorcycle, or a car, they would usually buy a lock to go with it. Most people also use envelopes. After they finish writing a letter, they will put the letter in the envelope and seal it before mailing the letter. However, be it software or hardware, the computer systems we use today do not have locks. Take emails for example. Only a simple password is needed to retrieve or send a letter, so it is actually quite easy for anyone to gain access to our emails. Our computers are without “locks”either. Most people who work in an office often leave their seats with their computers left on.
Comprehension questions
大部分人都會把電腦上鎖。(X) Most people lock their computers.
大部分在公司上班的人會把電腦上鎖。(X)
Most people who work in offices lock their computers.
3 their fears. A salesperson can never predict what kind of people they will meet. There are all sorts of situations and everyday is an adventure, filled with many problems to be solved. Salespeople also need to engage with different kinds of people, who are usually of different race, gender, personality, and values. Learning to communicate and interact with different people or to cooperate with them is a lifelong challenge. This challenge is especially important to salespeople.
Comprehension questions
業務人員需要處理各種不同的問題。(O)
Salespeople need to deal with different types of problems.
業務雖然是困難的工作，但也可以幫助人克服恐懼。(O)
Being a salesperson may be a difficult job, but it can also help people overcome their fears.
4.
Many people say that if you are not sick, it means that you are healthy. In fact, even if you are not sick, it does not mean that you are healthy. Being healthy means someone is without any illnesses and also very energetic.
Often we do not pay attention to the issue of health until we lose it. Only when we feel tired or sick will we take actions to preserve our health.
However, when trying to maintain our health, it is important not to go to the extreme. For example, one should not eat only one type of food but should keep a balanced diet.
Comprehension questions
沒有病痛就代表身體很健康。(X) Not being sick means you are healthy.
維護健康的同時也要小心不可太過極端。(O)
We should not go to the extreme when trying to maintain our health.
5
If you want to be complimented, you should pay others compliments first.
As long as we put in more efforts and compliment others at the right time, we will also get positive feedback. A compliment should be sincere and timely to really encourage others. A compliment needs to be concrete so the person being complimented will know his/her strength. However, most importantly, a compliment needs to be expressed. Because if we do not express ourselves, the other party will never know what you think of him/her.
Comprehension questions
如果先付出讚美，就比較容易獲得讚美。(O)
It’s easier to be complimented by others if we pay compliments first.
只要誠心地欣賞他人，就算沒有表達出來對方也感覺得到。(X) As long as we have sincere appreciation others, it would not matter if we did not express our thoughts.
6 investments, we should know ourselves first. Some people are risk-takers, while others are more conservative. Therefore, different investment strategies are suitable for different people. For instance, a riak-taker can invest in things which may yield high profits but also have high risks.
However, we should not put all the eggs in one basket. On the other hand, it may be more suitable for a conservative person to invest in products with lower risks. Yet, he/she should also make investments which involve a certain level of risk, otherwise, it would be hard to make money by investing.
Comprehension questions
投資前只要留心市場走向，不需要考慮自己的性格。(X)
We only need to pay attention to the market but do not have to think about our personality before making an investment.
積極型的人適合獲利機會高但風險也高的投資工具。(O)
Investment tools which may yield high profits but also have high risks are suitable for risk-takers.
Translation
If you have never bought or sold anything online and would like to try, I suggest that you start by browsing an online shopping site. If you see something you are interested in or something you like, do not buy it immediately. Observe how others bid for it and think about a price you are willing to pay before really making the purchase. If you do decide to buy something, pay attention to the past record of the seller or ask friends who are familiar with the product first. Also, you can send an email or make a phone call to ask about online shopping details first.
Comprehension questions
如果沒有在網路上買過東西，最好先熟悉一下再進場購買。(O) If you have never bought anything online, it’s better to familiarize yourself to it before really buying.
看到喜歡的商品，一定要馬上下標才不會錯失機會。(X)
If you see something that you like, you need to bid for it immediately so that you won’t lose the opportunity.
8 convenient the Internet is. I remember when I was studying in the States, if I wanted to buy a plane ticket or book a nice hotel; I would have had to make many phone calls but may not necessarily achieve my goals.
Nowadays, my daughter tells me that before she goes on a business trip to the US, all she has to do is go on the Internet, and in less than 10 minutes, everything is taken care of. Some say that the future society will be the Internet era since the distance between people will be shortened because of the Internet. However, I say that era has already arrived.
Comprehension
9 very difficult for a young person to succeed by self-learning. In today’s society, we need to rely on experienced people such as school teachers or professionals to organize information for us so we can find a shortcut to learning. Under this environment, getting a school education is definitely the fastest way to learning.
Comprehension questions
現在的環境中，自學是最快的學習捷徑。(X)
In the environment today, self-learning is the fastest way to learn.
現代社會中，學校老師或專業人士可以幫助我們學習。(O)
School teachers or professionals can help us learn in the modern society.
Appendix B. Statistic Results of Eye movement Indices
Table B 1. Statistic results of first-pass reading time (p<.05*, p<.01**, p<.001***)
Table B 2. Statistic results of fixation probability and refixation probability
Table B 3. Statistic results of go-past time and regression-out rate on two-character words (p<.05*, p<.01**, p<.001***)
Table B 4. Statistic results of rereading time and total viewing time on two-character words (p<.05*, p<.01**, p<.001***)
Table B 5. Statistic results of rereading rate and on two-character words (p<.05*, p<.01**, p<.001***)