In this thesis, we are focusing on schematic design test item of subject building planning in Architect Registration Examination. To clearly represent the building properties for expressive power, extensibility and manipulation, our idea is to organize design attributes form experts' perspective by extending the layout with environmental context information. Accordingly, the Hierarchical Case-Based Reasoning approach was proposed to organize the knowledge granularities by hierarchical relations. In addition, the Intelligent Query Generator was proposed to support the verification of constraint rule during item design by iterative case retrieval process. We discussed about how to model and accumulate the design knowledge cases, and propose similarity function based on the viewpoint of data structure and architectural area. Moreover, the revise process and self-verify mechanism was proposed to support deriving design cases to achieve the new design requirements. Finally, a system interface has been introduced.
Currently, the pilot experiment was applied to prove the concept by retrieving high difficulties pattern to probe into the possibility of computer aided architectural test item generation.
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Expert System with Application 29 (2005) 183-192
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Appendix A
The Example of Exam Item
The family life center will provide recreational and fellowship facilities for a community church. The site is located on Market Street adjacent to a community church. Parking is available off the site.
(1) The major view is to the north.
(2) The receptionist is to have visual control of the entry to each of the following spaces: the lobby, the game room, and the children’s room.
(3) The main entrance door shall face west.
(4) All spaces shall have a 9 ft ceiling height except the multi-purpose room, which shall have an 18 ft ceiling height.
(5) The area of each space shall be within 10 percent of the required program area.
(6) The total corridor area shall not exceed 25 percent of the total program area.
(7) The second floor envelope must be congruent with or wholly contained within the first floor envelope with the exception that doors to the exterior may be recessed for weather protection.
Tag Name Area EE Elevator Equipment
Room 100
EM Electrical/Mechanical
Room 500
AO Assistant Director's Office
200 Exterior window required;
Direct access to Secretarial Office
CR Children's Room 750 Exterior window required;
Near Multi-purpose Room DO Director's Office 350 Exterior window required;
Direct access to Secretarial Office
GR Game Room 1,350 View—exterior window
required
L Lobby 700 Main Entrance
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LM Large Meeting Room 1,000 Exterior window required LR Locker Rooms 200 2 @ 100 ft*ft each;
Exterior windows prohibited; Direct access to
Multi-purpose Room
MP Multi-purpose Room 2,600 View—exterior window required; 18 ft ceiling; 2 exits; First floor
R Receptionist 400 Exterior window required;
Near Lobby
SM Small Meeting Room 750 Exterior window required;
Near Large Meeting Room SO Secretarial Office 500 Exterior window required;
Near Large Meeting Room;
Second Floor
SW Social Worker 500 Exterior window required TR Toilet Rooms 800 2 per floor @ 200 ft*ft
each
TS Table/chair Storage 300 Near Multi-purpose Room
Definitions
(1) Means of egress: A continuous and unobstructed path of travel from any point in a building to a public way. A means of egress comprises the vertical and horizontal means of travel to an exit and includes intervening doors, interior wall openings, corridors, circulation areas, and stairs.
(2) Circulation area: A lobby, a vestibule, or a space designated as an "area."
(3) Exit: That portion of a means of egress that provides a protected route of travel to the exit discharge. Exits include both exterior exit doors and exit stairways.
Exiting Requirements
(1) Provide a minimum of two exits from each floor separated by a travel distance equal to not less than 1/2 of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the floor to be served.
(2) Every room shall connect directly to a corridor or circulation area.
Exception: elevator equipment rooms and rooms with an area of 50 ft*ft or less may connect to a corridor or circulation area through an intervening space, but not directly to a stair.
(3) In rooms required to have two exit doors, separate the two exit doors by a distance equal to not less than 1/2 of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of that room. Exit doors may discharge directly to the exterior of the building at grade.
(4) Required exit doors shall swing in the direction of egress travel.
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(5) Door swings shall not reduce the minimum clear exit path to less than 3 ft.
Corridors
(1) Discharge corridors directly to the exterior at grade or through stairs or circulation areas.
(2) Do not interrupt corridors with intervening rooms-circulation areas are not considered to be intervening spaces.
(3) Maximum length of dead-end corridors: 20 ft.
(4) Minimum clear width of corridors: 6 ft.
Stairs
(1) Discharge stairs directly to the exterior at grade.
(2) Connect stairs directly to a corridor or circulation area at each floor with exit access doors.
(3) Minimum width of stairs: 4 ft.
Sample passing solution
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Sample failing solution
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Appendix B
The Questionnaire of Schematic Pattern Retrieve
Symbol Definition
Tag Description
E entry
B bedroom
A bathroom
N den
U utility
D dining room
L living room
K kitchen
G garage
P car_port
C corridor
CASE 1
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CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
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CASE 5
CASE 6
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CASE 7
CASE 8
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CASE 9
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1. Entry connect to Living room 2. Living room connect to
Corridor
3. Corridor connect to Bedroom
1. Entry connect to Dining room 2. Dining room connect to Kitchen
1. Corridor connect to Bedroom1 2. Corridor connect to Bedroom2 3. Corridor connect to Bedroom3 4. Bedroom3 connect to Bathroom3 5. Corridor connect to Bathroom1
1. Living room connect to Corridor1 2. Corridor1 connect to Bedroom1 3. Living room connect to Corridor2 4. Corridor2 connect to Bedroom2
System Output : Case1 Case5 Case2 Case6 Case3 Case7 Case4 Case8 Input : Query Pattern
System Output : Case1 Case6 Case2 Case8 Case3 Case9 Input : Query Pattern
System Output : Case4 Case8 Case5 Input : Query Pattern
System Output : Case2 Case7 Case3 Case8 Input : Query Pattern
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Appendix C
The Schematic Design Process
這是我理想的家，
(1) 在我的家鄉，在四周都還有稻田的地方，我要有個家，一座平房，座南 朝北，符合南台灣的季風氣候。
(2) 我想要有想兩對兒女，所以我需要有四間 children’s bedrooms，而且我希 望他們感情會很融洽、很團結，也希望有一個全家人能聚在一起的地方，
所以我用一個圓的living room 把他們結合在一起。
Step 0 :
Symbol definition
Step 1-1 : Bubble diagram
Step 1-2 : Bubble diagram
Step 2 : Sizing Step 3 : Location Step 4 : Creation
Convert from genotype to phenotype
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(3) 由於是座北朝南各有兩間，可以看到日出或夕陽，中間夾著兩間 toilets 是專門給小孩子用的。
(4) kitchen 採正方形加個弧邊的設計，讓媽媽使用起來更加方便順手，dining place 就在 kitchen 旁，方便我的 study。
(5) 在臥室內由於我不想要有四四方方的感覺，所以我把兩牆接角的部分改 成弧形，把算放上一大片玻璃，讓視野更為開闊，圖書寫作也較為舒適。
(6) 門口開在西側，所以我的 bedroom 較西側小孩子的房間突出，有保護警 衛的作用。
Reference:
Center for General Education, National Sun Yat-sen University, Student work.
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