We studied two topics in mesoscopic transport. First one is about the low tem-perature electron dephasing time and second one is about the spin transport in vertical quantum dots.
In the topic of low temperature dephasing time, we have studied the low tem-perature dephasing time in Cu93Ge4Au3 thin films (∼ 200 ˚A) with different levels of disorder. The results show that the electron-phonon inelastic scattering domi-nates the dephasing rates above 10 K. The scattering times are inverse proportion to square of temperature, τϕ ∼ AT−2. A is 0.53 ± 0.1 nsec K2 and independent of levels of disorder. The dephasing times are a constant values between 10 K and 5 K and it is the same for all samples. From the analysis of the concentration of magnetic impurities and temperature dependent resistances at high magnetic field, it indicates that the plateau is not from the Kondo effect. The most distinc-tive phenomenon is that the dephasing times below 5 K increase as temperature decreasing and the dephasing increasing rates depend on levels of disorder. The τϕ ∝ T−0.5 for the most disordered film and dephasing time is almost no increas-ing for the weakest disordered film. The well studied electron-electron inelastic scattering rate is 2 orders weaker than our results and the Kondo effect can not explain the sample dependent scattering rate. The measured temperature de-pendent dephasing times do not agree with the prediction of Kondo effect. On the other hand, resistances are also measured. All of the films show that resis-tances increase logarithmically from 10 K down to 30 mK and are insensitive to magnetic field up to 15 Tesla. Moreover, this behavior does not dependent on
the dimensionality of samples. All of the results support that the less studied dynamic structure defeat scattering dominates the behavior of the system.
In the topic of spin transport in vertical quantum dots, we have studied two subjects. First one is about spin selection rule and the second one is about spin tunneling in Zeeman mismatch doublet quantum dots.
In the subject of spin selection rule, we measured the transport spectrum of (1, 1) ↔ (1, 2) in In0.05Ga0.95As and GaAs vertical double quantum dots, where (N(L), N (R)) mean the electron number in left dot and right dot respectively.
At low magnetic field, the ground state of 2 electron system is 1S2. Two elec-trons occupy the 1S state with anti-parallel spins. We observe spin singlet-triplet transition at 5 Tesla which is the same with the literatures. The triplet states become ground state when magnetic field is higher than 5 Tesla and the energy of singlet state increases drastically. We observe two Zeeman sublevels instead of three Zeeman sublevels for triplet at magnetic field from 6 Tesla to 15 Tesla.
Spin selection rule predicts that the total spin difference between N electrons and N+1 electrons can not be larger than 1/2. Assume that the initial spin state is spin up, the transitions from the state of | ↑> to the states of | ↑↑> and (| ↑↓> +| ↓↑>)/√
2 are allowed, but the transition from the state of | ↑> to the state of | ↓↓> is forbidden. The measured result shows that the tunneling rate is about 1νs which is much short than the relaxation time, which is longer than 50νs, from state of spin down to spin up. It means that the state of spin down also can be the initial state. The transitions from the state of | ↓> to the states of | ↓↓> and (| ↑↓> +| ↓↑>)/√
2 are allowed, but the transition from the state of
| ↓> to the state of | ↑↑> is forbidden. There are totally four possible transport processes contributing to the spectrum. However, the adding energy of from | ↑>
to (| ↑↓> +| ↓↑>)/√
2 is equal to that from | ↓> to | ↓↓> and the adding energy of from | ↑> to | ↑↑> is equal to that from | ↓> to (| ↑↓> +| ↓↑>)/√
2. There are four transition processes, but only two energy values could be observed. The results show that the g factors are 0.36 ± 0.02 and 0.25 ± 0.02 for In0.05Ga0.95As and GaAs respectively.
In the subject of spin tunneling in Zeeman mismatch double quantum dots.
The tunneling behavior has been well studied in double quantum dots with the same g factors for two dots. The spin-up states and spin-down states are always
on-site at the same time, so only one resonance tunneling peak would appear. In the double quantum dots with different g factors for two dots, the spin-up states and spin-down states would not line up at the same time. By appropriately tuning the respective position of energy states of two dots, it is expected that two resonance tunneling peaks appear and the distance of two peaks is equal to the difference of Zeeman energies of two dots. Further analysis the system, we found that the phonon-assisted relaxation dominate the tunneling processes.
The phonon-assisted relaxation time is so long that make it is difficult to observe the splitting of two Zeeman mismatch peaks. Only the resonance tunneling peak of spin-up is observed. Instead of the splitting of two Zeeman mismatch peaks, we observe the bandwidth tunneling peak in the Zeeman mismatch system. The results show that the position of bandwidth tunneling peak depends on the states which is within the transport window. Two splitting peaks are observed in the experiments and the distance of the two peaks is equal to half of difference of two Zeeman energies.
In the first part of my future work, I plan to continuous the previous work and make a full understanding of the spin transport through mismatch spin states.
Second, we also plan to study the photon-assisted resonant tunneling by using microwave. The understanding of the influence of external microwave helps us analysis and know the potential transport processes. It also helps us to know another crucial problem, the coherence time of spin entanglement. Combine these two parts, the results would make us understand the spin transport a lot and further realize the quantum computing in the future.
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