• 沒有找到結果。

Coupland et al. (1989) proposed the meaning and function of age-disclosure through the investigation of the discourse from elderly people. Following but distinct from theirs, the present study enriches the interpretation of age-disclosure through the investigation of the discourse from young people and further enhances the understanding of age in medical context in the following three directions: (1) Age is a point of reference of a patient’s disease trajectory (e.g. age at diagnosis). (2) Age is a point of reference of a person’s life course (i.e. Different age groups correspond to different stages of physical development and different life goals). (3) Age is the reason for denial when a patient is faced with a disease that is out of his/her expectation because of the violation of the normally assumed physical development.

Besides, the present study opens up a new way to understand Taiwanese cancer patients’ psychosocial characteristics through the Internet by employing a linguistic approach. Thus, in terms of linguistics, the present study provides future studies with new directions for topic selection, for example, to look into discourse taken from online social

media (i.e. online discourse analysis) and to look into medical-related topics. From the perspective of health care, online social media are valuable sources of patient voices and the combination of linguistic approaches and health-related topics allows researchers to look into the same topic from different angles and thus gain different insights.

REFERENCES

Bordia, Prashant. 1997. Face-to-face versus computer-mediated communication: a synthesis of the experimental literature. Journal of Business Communication 34.99-118.

Buckman, Robert. 1992. How to break bad news: a guide for health care professionals.

Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Caughlin, John P., Sylvia L. Mikucki-Enyart, Ashley V. Middleton, Anne M. Stone, and Laura E. Brown. 2011. Being open without talking about it: a rhetorical/normative approach to understanding topic avoidance in families after a lung cancer diagnosis.

Communication Monographs 78.409-36.

Charon, Rita. 2001a. Narrative medicine: a model for empathy, reflection, profession, and trust. Journal of the American Medical Association 286.1897-902.

Charon, Rita. 2001b. Narrative medicine: form, function, and ethics. Annals of Internal Medicine 134.83-87.

Chelf, Jane Harper, Amy M. Deshler, Shauna Hillman, and Ramon Durazo-Arvizu. 2000.

Storytelling: a strategy for living and coping with cancer. Cancer Nursing 23.1-5.

Chou, Wen-Ying Sylvia, Yvonne Hunt, Anna Folkers, and Erik Augustson. 2011. Cancer survivorship in the age of YouTube and social media: a narrative analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 13.e7.

Cline, R. J. W., and K. M. Haynes. 2001. Consumer health information seeking on the Internet: the state of the art. Health Education Research 16.671-92.

Cohen, Henry. 2006. How to write a patient case report. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 63.1888-92.

Colley, Ann, Zazie Todd, Matthew Bland, Michael Holmes, Nuzibun Khanom, and Hannah

Pike. 2004. Style and content in e-mails and letters to male and female friends.

Journal of Language and Social Psychology 23.369-78.

Cotten, Shelia R., and Sipi S. Gupta. 2004. Characteristics of online and offline health information seekers and factors that discriminate between them. Social Science &

Medicine 59.1795-806.

Coupland, Nikolas, Justine Coupland, and Howard Giles. 1989. Telling age in later life:

identity and face implications. Text 9.129-51.

DeBakey, Lois, and Selma DeBakey. 1983. The case report. I. guidelines for preparation.

International Journal of Cardiology 4.357-64.

Derks, Daantje, Arjan E. R. Bos, and Jasper von Grumbkow. 2008. Emoticons and online message interpretation. Social Science Computer Review 26.379-88.

Diaz, Joseph A., Rebecca A. Griffith, James J. Ng, Steven E. Reinert, Peter D. Friedmann, and Anne W. Moulton. 2002. Patients' use of the Internet for medical information.

Journal of General Internal Medicine 17.180-85.

Donovan-Kicken, Erin, and John P. Caughlin. 2010. A multiple goals perspective on topic avoidance and relationship satisfaction in the context of breast cancer.

Communication Monographs 77.231-56.

Eide, Eric R., and Mark H. Showalter. 2011. Estimating the relation between health and education: what do we know and what do we need to know? Economics of Education Review 30.778-91.

Greenhalgh, Trisha and Brian Hurwitz. 1999. Narrative based medicine: why study narrative? British Medical Journal 318.48-50.

Høybye, Mette Terp, Christoffer Johansen, and Tine Tjørnhøj-Thomsen. 2005. Online interaction. Effects of storytelling in an internet breast cancer support group.

Psycho-Oncology 14.211-20.

Hilton, Shona, Carol Emslie, Kate Hunt, Alison Chapple, and Sue Ziebland. 2009.

Disclosing a cancer diagnosis to friends and family: a gendered analysis of young men's and women's experiences. Qualitative Health Research 19.744-54.

Hodges, Brian David, Ayelet Kuper, and Scott Reeves. 2008. Discourse analysis. British Medical Journal 337.570-72.

Im, Eun-Ok. 2011. Online support of patients and survivors of cancer. Seminars in Oncology Nursing 27.229-36.

Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth. 1970. On death and dying. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Khan, Naghma, Farrukh Afaq, and Hasan Mukhtar. 2010. Lifestyle as risk factor for cancer:

evidence from human studies. Cancer Letters 293.133-43.

Kiesler, Sara, Jane Siegel, and Timothy W. McGuire. 1984. Social psychological aspects of computer-mediated communication. American psychologist 39.1123-34.

Kim, Eunkyung, Jeong Yeob Han, Tae Joon Moon, Bret Shaw, Dhavan V. Shah, Fiona M.

McTavish, and David H. Gustafson. 2012. The process and effect of supportive message expression and reception in online breast cancer support groups.

Psycho-Oncology 21.531-40.

Klemm, Paula, Karla Reppert, and Lori Visich. 1998. A nontraditional cancer support group the Internet. Computers in Nursing 16.31-36.

Kreitler, Shulamith. 1999. Denial in cancer patients. Cancer Investigation 17.514-34.

Kyngäs, H., R. Mikkonen, E. M. Nousiainen, M. Rytilahti, P. Seppänen, R. Vaattovaara, and T. Jämsä. 2001. Coping with the onset of cancer: coping strategies and

resources of young people with cancer. European Journal of Cancer Care 10.6-11.

Li, Cherry Ing. 1997. Logical entailment and conversational implication: a

discourse-pragmatic account of Taiwanese joh (就) and ciah (才). Journal of

Taiwan Normal University: Humanities & Social Science 42 (New Version).55-70.

Limayem, Moez, and Christy M. K. Cheung. 2008. Understanding information systems continuance: the case of Internet-based learning technologies. Information &

Management 45.227-32.

Locher, Miriam A. 2006. Advice online: advice-giving in an American Internet health column. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Maynard, Douglas W. 2003. Bad news, good news: conversational order in everyday talk and clinical settings. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Merckaert, Isabelle, Yves Libert, Sophie Messin, Mina Milani, Jean-Louis Slachmuylder, and Darius Razavi. 2010. Cancer patients' desire for psychological support:

prevalence and implications for screening patients' psychological needs.

Psycho-Oncology 19.141-49.

Mishler, Elliott G. 1991. Representing discourse: the rhetoric of transcription. Journal of Narrative and Life History 1.255-80.

Mo, Phoenix K. H., and Neil S. Coulson. 2008. Exploring the communication of social support within virtual communities: a content analysis of messages posted to an online HIV/AIDS support group. CyberPsychology & Behavior 11.371-74.

Nurmi, Jari-Erik. 1992. Age differences in adult life goals, concerns, and their temporal extension: a life course approach to future-oriented motivation. International Journal of Behavioral Development 15.487-508.

Parker, Patricia A., Walter F. Baile, Carl de Moor, and Lorenzo Cohen. 2003. Psychosocial and demographic predictors of quality of life in a large sample of cancer patients.

Psycho-Oncology 12.183-93.

Riva, Giuseppe. 2002. The sociocognitive psychology of computer-mediated communication: the present and future of technology-based interactions.

CyberPsychology & Behavior 5.581-98.

Roberts, Celia, and Srikant Sarangi. 2005. Theme-oriented discourse analysis of medical encounters. Medical Education 39.632-40.

Rodgers, Shelly, and Qimei Chen. 2005. Internet community group participation:

psychosocial benefits for women with breast cancer. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 10.article 5. Online:

http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol10/issue4/rodgers.html.

Sherzer, Joel. 1987. A discourse-centered approach to language and culture. American Anthropologist 89.295-309.

Spears, Russell, and Martin Lea. 1994. Panacea or panopticon?: the hidden power in computer-mediated communication. Communication Research 21.427-59.

Stark, Daniel Peter Harry, and A. House. 2000. Anxiety in cancer patients. British Journal of Cancer 83.1261-67.

van't Spijker, A., R. W. Trijsburg, and H. J. Duivenvoorden. 1997. Psychological sequelae of cancer diagnosis: a meta-analytical review of 58 studies after 1980.

Psychosomatic Medicine 59.280-93.

Waseleski, Carol. 2006. Gender and the use of exclamation points in computer-mediated communication: an analysis of exclamations posted to two electronic discussion lists. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 11.1012-24.

Weinberg, Nancy, John Schmale, Janet Uken, and Keith Wessel. 1996. Online help: cancer patients participate in a computer-mediated support group. Health & Social Work 21.24-29.

Weis, Joachim. 2003. Support groups for cancer patients. Supportive Care in Cancer 11.763-68.

Ziogas, Argyrios, Nora K. Horick, Anita Y. Kinney, Jan T. Lowery, Susan M. Domchek,

Claudine Isaacs, Constance A. Griffin, Patricia G. Moorman, Karen L. Edwards, Deirdre A. Hill, Jonathan S. Berg, Gail E. Tomlinson, Hoda Anton-Culver, Louise C. Strong, Carol H. Kasten, Dianne M. Finkelstein, and Sharon E. Plon. 2011.

Clinically relevant changes in family history of cancer over time. Journal of the American Medical Association 306.172-78.

相關文件