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27 2001 「新頻道有線電視公司」與「彰化城有線電視公司」結合案
28 雅虎台灣併購奇摩站 水平 53.25 億
30 2000 東森媒體集團併購民眾日報 跨媒體 3 億
31 象山集團收購中天、大地頻道
32 1999 象山集團收購人人廣播電台
33 凱雷集團收購台灣寬頻 跨國投資 64 億
34 1997 「太平洋集團」收購新竹「竹視」及汐止「觀天下」兩系統 水平
35 1996 和信集團陸續併購有線電視系統 跨產業、水平併購 150 億
36 1994 (象山集團)木喬傳播併購傳訊電視(中天、大地頻道) 水平 6 億元
37 1991 力霸集團在全台進行有線電視系統投資併購活動 跨產業、水平併購
附錄表二、本研究整理圖示目前台灣媒體集團
附錄表三、美國、英國與德國的跨媒體併購案審查程序比較 (FTC)
休曼法(Sherman Act of 1890)與克萊頓法(Clayton Act of 1914)
反托拉 斯處(AD)
休曼法(Sherman Act)
救濟程序 FCC 向 FCC 委員會議提起訴願,委員會依法裁決。
2014 Comcast (CCV‐US)將宣布有意以 450 億美元,併購 Time Warner Cable (TWC‐US) 檢討機制與 2. 2003 年《通傳法》,依照通傳法附則 Para. 1‐Para. 6,設有跨媒體所有權的限制。
救濟程序 部長 向競爭上訴法庭(Competition Appeal Tribunal,CAT)上訴。
Ofcom 董事會下的公正小組職掌是,決定是否接受、處理、審議及裁決
程序: (1)舉行「聽證會」(具有法律效力);(2) 公正小組決定是否指示 Ofcom 將案件的 摘要及其決定公告;(3) 公正小組的決定即為終局,不受內部的審議或申訴
(OFT) 2. 不服 OFT 依據消費者信用法(Consumer Credit Act)所做的決定,可以向獨立的小組
(independent panel)申訴。
重大個案 新聞集團併購 BskyB 化調查委員會(KEK)進行監督。
法源依據 聯邦卡
重大個案 2006 年 Axel Spring AG 及 ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG 檢討機制與
附錄表四、不同版本的反壟斷特別法比較
星境內外節目供應者執照者,新聞節
係人限制 關係企業概念、援引公司法
關係人持全國性日報年平均發行量達 20%以上
無線、有限、衛星、頻道代理收視率、
占有率達20%以上
有線廣播電視事業及其關係人,直接或 間接供應(控制)頻道超過可利用的十 分之一
有線廣播電視事業及其關係人,直接或 肩接供應(控制)頻道,其年均收視率 占有率 25%以上。
市場計算 §6年平均收視率、年平收視率、年平 均閱讀率(以全國總人口作分母)
收視占有率,只申請之日起前一年內,
某特定頻道的收視率占該年所有總頻 道總收視率之百分比;媒體相關市場也 納入計算(上下游)
§2市占率:指一定期間內,媒體事業 在國內的訂戶數,占該市場所有訂戶數 的百分率,若訂戶數不確定則以廣告市 占率計之
接觸率:指民眾於醫定時間內接觸不同 媒體的比例
加權比重換算 收聽率
由主管機關經聽證後定之
§17(水平)、18(跨媒)
溯及既往 X(原本有後來又刪除) 有
§22、23
未有明確規範 X