• 沒有找到結果。

Chapter 5 Conclusion and Future Work

5.2 Future Work

There are kinds of biomedical signals. Therefore, it is necessary to have more channels to acquire more accurate and meaningful data. Extending the AFE IC is one of the solutions. For example, if the ICA algorithm become 64-channel analysis, it can use an 8-to-1 multiplexer in front of the 4-channel front-end, and use a 32-to-1 multiplexer after the 4-channel front-end as show in Figure 5.1. The 4-channel front-end circuit means four channels which are produced in 8-channel front-end for EEG application as show in Figure 2.1. In this way, the 64-channel front-end for ICA is designed as same as [43]. However, there is a same problem about time delay of multiplexers and front-end circuits. The architectures of them are decided by ICA processor.

Finally, the AFE IC and DSP IC will be composed together in one chip. In other words, it can use mix signal technology to produce a new chip in order to achieve the targets of lower power, lower noise, and area efficiency.

Figure 5.1 4-channel front-end extends to 64-channel front-end

86

Reference

[1] N. Hooyman and H. Kiyak, Social gerontology: A multidisciplinary perspective, 6th ed.: Allyn & Bacon, 2002.

[2] 陳寬政, "人口老化的原因與結果," 台灣人口老化問題, pp. 7-28, 2009.

[3] A. S. Grove, "Efficiency in the Health Care Industries: A View From the Outside," JAMA, vol. 294, pp. 490-492, July 27, 2005 2005.

[4] Fidopiastis, Cali; Hughes, Charles; , “Workshop 1: Use of psychophysiological measures in virtual rehabilitation, ” Virtual Rehabilitation, 2008, pp.xi-xi, 25-27 Aug. 2008

[5] Malarvili, M.B.; Mesbah, M., “Combining newborn EEG and HRV information for automatic seizure detection,”Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2008. EMBS 2008. 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, pp.4756-4759, 20-25 Aug. 2008

[6] Abdullah, H.; Holland, G.; Cosic, I.; Cvetkovic, D., "Correlation of sleep EEG frequency bands and heart rate variability," Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009. EMBC 2009. Annual International Conference of the IEEE, pp.5014-5017, 3-6 Sept. 2009

[7] Rankine, L.; Stevenson, N.; Mesbah, M.; Boashash, B., “A Nonstationary Model of Newborn EEG,” Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on , vol.54, no.1, pp.19-28, Jan. 2007

[8] “Electrocardiography.” Internet:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocardiography, 16 October 2011

[9] Rajendra Acharya, U., K. Paul Joseph, et al. (2006). "Heart rate variability: a

87

review." Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing 44(12):

1031-1051.

[10] Roche F, Pichot V, Sforza E, Court-Fortune I, Duverney D, Costes F, Garet M, Barthe´ le´my J-C (2003) Predicting sleep apnoea syndrome from heart period: a time-frequency wavelet analysis. Eur Respir J 22:937–942

[11] G. Strangman, D. A. Boas, and J. P. Sutton, "Non-invasive neuroimaging using near-infrared light," Biological Psychiatry, vol. 52, pp. 679-693, 10/1 2002.

[12] A. Siegel, J. J. Marota, and David Boas, "Design and evaluation of a continuous-wave diffuse optical tomography system," Opt. Express 4, 287-298 (1999)

[13] Lin, Yuanqing; Lech, Gwen; Nioka, Shoko; Intes, Xavier; Chance, Britton; ,

"Noninvasive, low-noise, fast imaging of blood volume and deoxygenation changes in muscles using light-emitting diode continuous-wave imager," Review of Scientific Instruments , vol.73, no.8, pp.3065-3074, Aug 2002

[14] B.R. Greene, et a.l, “Combination of EEG and ECG for improved automatic neonatal seizure detection”, Clinical Neurophysiology, vol. 118, pp.1348-1359, 2007.

[15] C.-T. Lin, et al., “A Real-Time Wireless Brain-Computer Interface System for Drowsiness Detection,” Biomedical Circuits and Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 4, pp. 214-222, 2010.

[16] W.-C. Fang, et al., “A low power biomedical signal processing system-on-chip design for portable brain-heart monitoring

88

systems,” International Conference on Green Circuits and Systems , 2010, ICGCS2010, pp.18 – 23, 21-23 June 2010.

[17] C.W. Chang, et al., “Surface-mounted dry electrode and analog-front-end systems for physiological signal measurements,” Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop, 2009, LiSSA2009, IEEE/NIH, pp. 108 – 111, 9 – 10 Aprial 2009.

[18] K.A. Ng, et al., “A CMOS analog front-end IC for portable EEG/ECG monitoring applications,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I:

Regular Papers, vol. 52, pp. 2335-2347, 2005.

[19] R. R. Harrison, "A low-power, low-noise CMOS amplifier for neural recording applications," in Circuits and Systems, 2002. ISCAS 2002. IEEE International Symposium on, 2002, pp. V-197-V-200 vol.5.

[20] R.F. Yazicioglu, et al., “A 60 uW 60 nV/√Hz Readout Front-End for Portable Biopotential Acquisition Systems,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol.

42, pp. 1100-1110, 2007.

[21] S.-T. Kao, et al., “A 1.5V 7.5uW programmable gain amplifier for multiple biomedical signal acquisition,” IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference, 2009, BioCAS2009, pp. 73 – 76, 26 – 28 Nov. 2009.

[22] C.-H. Wu, et al., “A Differential Sallen-Key Low-Pass Filter in Amorphous-Silicon Technology,” Display Technology, Journal of, vol. 6, pp.

207-214, 2010.

[23] 運算放大器原理與應用,張文恭、江昭皚譯,儒林圖書㈲限公司,90 年 3㈪。

89

[24] Abou-Allam, E., El-Masry, E. I. “High CMRR CMOS current operational amplifier,” Electronics Letters, vol. 30, pp.1042-1043,1994

[25] R.R. Harrison, et al., “A low-power low-noise CMOS amplifier for neural recording applications,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 38, pp.

958-965, 2003.

[26] I. Cota, et al., “Reuse of existing resources for analog BIST of a switch capacitor filter,” in Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition 2000. Proceedings, 2000, pp. 226-230.

[27] C.-C. Huang, et al., “ Front-end amplifier of low-noise and tunable BW/gain for portable biomedical signal acquisition,” in Circuits and Systems, 2008.

ISCAS 2008. IEEE International Symposium on, 2008, pp. 2717-2720.

[28] Hao-Chiao Hong, Member, IEEE, and Guo-Ming Lee “A 65-fJ/Conversion-Step 0.9-V 200-kS/s Rail-to-Rail 8-bit Successive Approximation ADC” IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 42, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2007

[29] A. S. Sedra and K. C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, 4th Ed., Oxford University Press, 1998.

[30] Roubik Gregorian and Gabor Temes, “Analog MOS Integrated Circuits for Signal Processing,” John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1986.

[31] Y.-J. Chen, K.-T. Tang, W.-C. Fang, “An 8uW 100kS/s successive approximation ADC for biomedical applications,” in Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop, 2009. LiSSA 2009. IEEE/NIH, 2009, pp.

176-178.

90

[32] R. Jacob Baker, CMOS Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation, Wiley-IEEE, 2008.

[33] Brian P. Ginsburg and Anantha P. Chandrakasan “An Energy-Efficient Charge Recycling Approach for a SAR Converter With Capacitive DAC”

[34] Ginsburg and Chandrakasan. “An Energy-Efficient Charge Recycling Approach for a SAR Converter With Capacitive DAC” Circuit and System, 2005. ISCAS 2005. IEEE International Symposium on (2005) pp. 184 – 187 vol. 1.

[35] Hao-Chiao Hong, and Guo-Ming Lee “A 65-fJ/Conversion-Step 0.9-V 200-kS/s Rail-to-Rail 8-bit Successive Approximation ADC” IEEE J.

Solid-State Circuit, vol. 42, No. 10, October 2007.

[36] Yung-Jui, C., T. Kea-Tiong, Wai-Chi, Fang. (2009). “An 8uW 100kS/s successive approximation ADC for biomedical applications.” Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop, 2009. LiSSA 2009. IEEE/NIH.

[37] Lee, Seon-Kyoo, Park, Seung-Jin, Suh, Yunjae, Park, Hong-June, Sim, Jae-Yoon (2009). “A 1.3uW 0.6V 8.7-ENOB successive approximation ADC in a 0.18um CMOS.” VLSI Circuits, 2009 Symposium on.

[38] Ginsburg and Chandrakasan. “An Energy-Efficient Charge Recycling Approach for a SAR Converter With Capacitive DAC” Circuit and System, 2005. ISCAS 2005. IEEE International Symposium on (2005) pp. 184 – 187 vol. 1

[39] A. Rossi and G. Fucili, “Nonredundant successive approximation register for A/D converters,” Electronics letters, vol. 32, no. 12, June 1996

91

[40] Chou, et al., "A 1-V low-noise readout front-end for biomedical applications in 0.18um CMOS," in VLSI Design Automation and Test (VLSI-DAT), 2010 International Symposium on, pp. 295-298.

[41] Naveen Verma, and Anantha P. Chandrakasan, “An Ultra Low Energy 12-bit Rate-Resolution Scalable SAR ADC for Wireless Sensor Nodes” IEEE J.

Solid-State Circuit, vol. 42, No. 6, June 2007.

[42] Desel, T., Reichel, T., Rudischhauser, S., Hauer, H. “A CMOS nine channel ECG measurement IC,” in ASIC, 1996., 2nd International Conference on 115-118 21-24 Oct 1996

[43] Moosung Chael, Wentai Liu',, Zhi Yang', Tungchien Chen', Jungsuk Kim', Mohanasankar Sivaprakasaml, Mehmet Yuce4 “A 128-Channel 6mW Wireless Neural Recording IC with On-the-Fly Spike Sorting and UWB Tansmitter,” in ISSCC 2008 / SESSION 7 /TD : ELECTRONICS FOR LIFE SCIENCES / 7.9

相關文件