Chapter 5 Conclusions
5.2 Future Work
The thesis has had superiority in the biomedical signals recording system
according to the result of the AFEIC post-layout simulation. However, the AFEIC is still worth improving further in the future. For example, reduce the phase delay in the SCLPF, consume lower power, use battery to supply the power of AFEIC, integrate with digital circuit, ADC and embedded system, has fewer noise, etc.Reference
[1] Chan, P.K.; Ng, K.A.; Zhang, X.L., "A CMOS chopper-stabilized differential difference amplifier for biomedical integrated circuits," Circuits and Systems, 2004. MWSCAS '04. The 2004 47th Midwest Symposium on , vol.3, no., pp.
iii-33-6 vol.3, 25-28 July 2004.
[2] Martins, R.; Selberherr, S.; Vaz, F.A., "A CMOS IC for portable EEG acquisition systems," Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on , vol.47, no.5, pp.1191-1196, Oct 1998.
[3] Koli, K.; Halonen, K.A.I., "CMRR enhancement techniques for current-mode instrumentation amplifiers," Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, IEEE Transactions on [see also Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, IEEE Transactions on] , vol.47, no.5, pp.622-632, May 2000.
[4] Shojaei-Baghini, M.; Lal, R.K.; Sharma, D.K., "An ultra low-power CMOS instrumentation amplifier for biomedical applications," Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 2004 IEEE International Workshop on , vol., no., pp. S1/1-S1-4, 1-3 Dec. 2004.
[5] Maryam Shojaei-Baghini; Rakesh K. Lal; Dinesh K. Sharma, "A Low-Power and Compact Analog CMOS Processing Chip for Portable ECG Recorders,"
Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2005 , vol., no., pp.473-476, Nov.
2005.
[6] Yazicioglu, R. F.; Merken, P.; Puers, R.; Van Hoof, C., "A 60 μW 60 nV/√Hz Readout Front-End for Portable Biopotential Acquisition Systems," Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of , vol.42, no.5, pp.1100-1110, May 2007.
[7] Chun-Lung Hsu; Mean-Hom Ho; Yu-Kuan Wu; Ting-Hsuan Chen, "Design of Low-Frequency Low-Pass Filters for Biomedical Applications," Circuits and Systems, 2006. APCCAS 2006. IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on , vol., no., pp.690-695, 4-7 Dec. 2006.
[8] Chun-Chieh Huang,; Shao-Hang Hung,; Jen-Feng Chung,; Lan-Da Van,;
Chin-Teng Lin,, "Front-end amplifier of low-noise and tunable BW/gain for portable biomedical signal acquisition," Circuits and Systems, 2008. ISCAS 2008. IEEE International Symposium on , vol., no., pp.2717-2720, 18-21 May 2008.
[9] M. Falkenstein, J. Hohnsbein, J. Hoormann, and L. Blanke,” Effects of crossmodal divided attention on late ERP components. II. Error processing in choice reaction tasks,” Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology,
and T. J. Sejnowski,” Electroencephalographic Sources of Visual Evoked Responses,“ Science, vol. 295, pp. 690-694, Jan. 25,2002.
[11] N. G. Einspruch, “VLSI Handbook – Handbook in Science and Technology,”
Academic Press, 1986.
[12] N. G. Einspruch and R. D. Gold, “VLSI in Medicine – VLSI Electronics Microstructure Science,” Academic Press, 1989.
[13] Chih-Jen Yen; Wen-Yaw Chung; Mely Chen Chi; Shing-Hao Lee, "A 0.75-mW analog processor IC for wireless biosignal monitor," Low Power Electronics and Design, 2003. ISLPED '03. Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on , vol., no., pp. 443-448, 25-27 Aug. 2003.
[14] Qiuting Huang; Oberle, M., "A 0.5-mW passive telemetry IC for biomedical applications," Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of , vol.33, no.7, pp.937-946, Jul 1998.
[15] Wen-Yaw Chung; Kang-Ping Lin; Chih-Jen Yen; Cheng-Lun Tsai; Te-Shin Chen, "Analog processor chip design for the bio-signal readout circuit application," [Engineering in Medicine and Biology, 1999. 21st Annual Conf.
and the 1999 Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Soc.]
BMES/EMBS Conference, 1999. Proceedings of the First Joint , vol.2, no., pp.881 vol.2-, Oct 1999.
[16] Refet Firat Yazicioglu; Patrick Merken; Robert Puers; Chris Van Hoof,
"Low-Power Low-Noise 8-Channel EEG Front-End ASIC for Ambulatory Acquisition Systems," Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2006. ESSCIRC 2006.
Proceedings of the 32nd European , vol., no., pp.247-250, Sept. 2006.
[17] Gano, A.J.; Franca, J.E., "New multiple input fully differential variable gain CMOS instrumentation amplifier," Circuits and Systems, 2000. Proceedings.
ISCAS 2000 Geneva. The 2000 IEEE International Symposium on , vol.4, no., pp.449-452 vol.4, 2000.
[18] Yazicioglu, R.F.; Merken, P.; Van Hoof, C., "Integrated low-power 24-channel EEG front-end," Electronics Letters , vol.41, no.8, pp. 457-458, 14 April 2005.
[19] A. P. Brokaw and M. P. Timko, “An improved monolithic instrumentation amplifier,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-10, pp. 417–423, Dec. 1975.
[20] Ng, K.A.; Chan, P.K., "A CMOS analog front-end IC for portable EEG/ECG monitoring applications," Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, IEEE Transactions on [Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, IEEE Transactions on], vol.52, no.11, pp. 2335-2347, Nov.
2005.
[21] Sackinger, E.; Guggenbuhl, W., "A versatile building block: the CMOS differential difference amplifier," Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of ,
vol.22, no.2, pp. 287-294, Apr 1987.
[22] Nicollini, G.; Guardiani, C., "A 3.3-V 800-nVrms noise, gain-programmable CMOS microphone preamplifier design using yield modeling technique,"
IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol.28, no.8, pp.915-921, Aug 1993.
[23] Enz, C.C.; Temes, G.C., "Circuit techniques for reducing the effects of op-amp imperfections: autozeroing, correlated double sampling, and chopper stabilization," Proceedings of the IEEE , vol.84, no.11, pp.1584-1614, Nov 1996.
[24] Steyaert, M.; Kinget, P.; Sansen, W., "Full integration of extremely large time constants in CMOS," Electronics Letters , vol.27, no.10, pp.790-791, 9 May 1991.
[25] P. R. Gray; P. J. Hurst; S. H. Lewis; R. G. Meyer, “Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits,” Wiley, New York, 2000.
[26] R. D. Middlebrook. Differential Amplifiers. Wiley, New York, 1963.
[27] Garrett, W.; Maxfield, T., "A monolithic differential-output operational amplifier," Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers. 1972 IEEE International , vol.XV, pp. 174-175, Feb 1972.
[28] Ping Wai; Chin, M.; Gray, P.; Castello, R., "A ratio independent algorithmic A/D conversion technique," Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers. 1984 IEEE International, vol.XXVII, pp. 62-63, Feb 1984.
[29] R. A. Whatley. “Fully Differential Operational Amplifier with DC Common-Mode Feedback,” U.S. Patent 4,573,020, February 1986.
[30] Shih, C.; Gray, P.R., "Reference refreshing cyclic analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol.21, no.4, pp. 544-554, Aug 1986
[31] Choi, T.C.; Kaneshiro, R.T.; Brodersen, R.W.; Gray, P.R.; Jett, W.B.; Wilcox, M., "High-frequency CMOS switched-capacitor filters for communications application," Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of , vol.18, no.6, pp. 652-664, Dec 1983.
[32] Ming-Jer Chen; Yen-Bin Gu; Wu, T.; Po-Chin Hsu; Tsung-Hann Liu, "Weak inversion charge injection in analog MOS switches," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol.30, no.5, pp.604-606, May 1995.
[33] Azhari, S.J.; Fazlalipoor, H., "A novel current mode instrumentation amplifier (CMIA) topology," Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on , vol.49, no.6, pp.1272-1277, Dec 2000.
[34] Dal Fabbro, P.A.; dos Reis Filho, C.A., "An integrated CMOS instrumentation amplifier with improved CMRR," Integrated Circuits and Systems Design,
[35] A. B. Grebene, “Bipolar and MOS Analog Integrated Circuit Design,” New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1984.
[36] Aldea, C.; Sabadell, J.; Celma, S.; Martinez, P.A., "Optimized design for the high-swing cascode mirror," Circuits and Systems, 1998. Proceedings. 1998 Midwest Symposium on , vol., no., pp.233-236, 9-12 Aug 1998.
[37] Honglei Wu; Yong-Ping Xu, "A low-voltage low-noise CMOS instrumentation amplifier for portable medical monitoring systems," IEEE-NEWCAS Conference, 2005. The 3rd International , vol., no., pp. 295-298, 19-22 June 2005.
[38] Yazicioglu, R.F.; Merken, P.; Van Hoof, C., "Effect of electrode offset on the CMRR of the current balancing instrumentation amplifiers," Research in Microelectronics and Electronics, 2005 PhD , vol.1, no., pp. 35-38 vol.1, 25-28 July 2005.
[39] Patel, A.; Terry, T.; Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, H.S., "Analog multiplexing in time domain for biochemical measurement processing," Circuits and Systems, 2002.
MWSCAS-2002. The 2002 45th Midwest Symposium on , vol.1, no., pp. I-60-3 vol.1, 4-7 Aug. 2002.
[40] Yen, R.C.; Gray, P.R., "A MOS switched-capacitor instrumentation amplifier,"
Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of , vol.17, no.6, pp. 1008-1013, Dec 1982.
[41] Zeng, X.; Tse, C.K.; Tang, P.S., "A new scheme for complete cancellation of charge injection distortion in second generation switched-current circuits,"
Microelectronics and VLSI, 1995. TENCON '95., IEEE Region 10 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.127-130, 6-10 Nov 1995.
[42] Calvo, B.; Sanz, M.T.; Celma, S., "Low-voltage Low-power CMOS Programmable Gain Amplifier," Devices, Circuits and Systems, Proceedings of the 6th International Caribbean Conference on , vol., no., pp.101-105, April 2006.
[43] Coelho Vincence, V.; Galup-Montoro, C.; Cherem Schneider, M., "A high-swing MOS cascode bias circuit," Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on [see also Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, IEEE Transactions on] , vol.47, no.11, pp.
1325-1328, Nov 2000.
Appendix A. DRC Verification
Whole Chip DRC
圖I 全系統晶片之 DRC 驗證
其中DRC ERROR 為I/O PAD內部錯誤,錯誤訊息皆在PAD,為可忽略的錯,如 圖II所示。
圖II 可允許DRC錯誤說明
B. LVS Verification
圖III 全系統晶片之 LVS 驗證無誤
C. Tapeout Review Form
Tapeout review form 的用意在提醒設計者在設計、模擬、佈局、佈局驗證及 tapeout 時具備 設計理念及了解應注意事項,希望能藉此提昇晶片設計的成功率及達到完整的學習效果。因此,請
3 Power Line 佈局考量
6-4 下線者是否有使用該製程設備之經驗?______
7-3 模擬軟體 (可不只一種)? _____________________
7-4 系統整合chip 裡之各個 block 是否曾下過線且量測符合預期規格 (chip 為系統整合者
7-6 DRC 驗證過程中, 部分錯誤若為特殊考量, 請說明____________________________
________________________________________________________________________
使用的 metal layers 的層數:
佈局中 ARM926EJ /ARM7TDMI Macro 的 cell name:
這個晶片是否為修訂版本(revision,也就是之前曾下線過相同晶片)?
若是修訂版本,前一次下線的晶片編號:
修訂版本的原因是?(例如修正 bug) 10 其他考量
10-1 是否考量測試時的輸出量測點? 是
10-2 是否考量電路之可修改性(如用 laser cut 設備) 是
設計者簽名:___戴毓廷______ 指導教授簽名:___林進燈____