• 沒有找到結果。

Chapter 5 Conclusion and future work

5.2 Future work

In our work, we derive the relationship of applied voltage and displacement as equation (2. 31) by constructing the mechanical-electrical coupling model depending on mechanical properties of hyper-elastic model and electric properties of parallel-capacitor. Because the equation of relationship is already derived successfully, it is convenient to discuss about hyper-elastic model in the future. Meanwhile, we derive that breakdown occurs before pull-in effect occurs by the discriminant of condition. In the future work, operating characteristics of DEAPs is affected by applied voltage and geometric size of DEAPs. We try to make the DEA actuator thinner, the breakdown electric field increases at the same applied voltage. If breakdown electric field increases, the range in use of actuator becomes large. Meanwhile, we can discuss whether pull-in effect occurs or not by discriminant of condition. It is difficult to manufacture thinner DEA actuator. VHB is chosen by us out of its stickiness. This characteristic is a trouble for us. How to choose appropriate DEA material as actuator is very important. Today, the researches of reliability are important issues. We are going to try to discuss reversibility, repeatability and durability of novel materials in the future. If reliability of material is good enough, practicability will improve effectively.

Reference

[1] T. Furukawa and N. Seo, "Electrostriction as the origin of piezoelectricity in ferroelectric polymers," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 29, pp.

675-680, 1990.

[2] H. Tobushi, S. Hayashi, and S. Kojima, "Mechanical properties of shape memory polymer of polyurethane series. (Basic characteristics of stress-strain-temperature relationship)," JSME International Journal Series A:

Mechanics and Material Engineering, vol. 35, pp. 296-302, 1992.

[3] R. Pelrine, R. Kornbluh, J. Joseph, R. Heydt, Q. Pei, and S. Chiba, "High-field deformation of elastomeric dielectrics for actuators," Materials Science and Engineering: C, vol. 11, pp. 89-100, 2000.

[4] Y. Bar-Cohen, Electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators as artificial muscles:

reality, potential, and challenges, SPIE press, 2004.

[5] R. Pelrine, R. Kornbluh, Q. Pei, and J. Joseph, "High-speed electrically actuated elastomers with strain greater than 100%," Science, vol. 287, pp. 836-839, 2000.

[6] R. Kornbluh, R. Pelrine, Q. Pei, S. Oh, and J. Joseph, "Ultrahigh strain response of field-actuated elastomeric polymers," In proceedings of SPIE Conference on Smart Structures and Materials,Newport Beach, CA, USA, pp. 51-64, 2000.

[7] Y. Liu, X. Lan, L. HAI-BAO, and J. Leng, "Recent Progresses in Polymeric Smart Materials," International Journal of Modern Physics B: Condensed Matter Physics, Statistical Physics, Applied Physics, vol. 15, pp. 2351-2356, 2010.

[8] P. Brochu and Q. Pei, "Advances in dielectric elastomers for actuators and artificial muscles," Macromolecular Rapid Communications, vol. 31, pp. 10-36,

2010.

[9] Z. Gao, "Modeling and simulation of the coupled mechanical-electrical response of dielectric elastomers," Ph.D. dissertation, New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 2007.

[10] F. Carpi, S. Bauer, and D. De Rossi, "Stretching Dielectric Elastomer Performance," Science, vol. 330, pp. 1759-1761, 2010.

[11] R. Shankar, T. Ghosh, and R. Spontak, "Dielectric elastomers as next-generation polymeric actuators," Soft Materials, vol. 3, pp. 1116-1129, 2007.

[12] G. Kofod, P. Sommer-Larsen, R. Kornbluh, and R. Pelrine, "Actuation response of polyacrylate dielectric elastomers," Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol. 14, pp. 787-793, 2003.

[13] D. Hanson, G. Pioggia, Y. Bar-Cohen, and D. De Rossi, "Androids: application of EAP as artificial muscles to entertainment industry," In proceedings of SPIE Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, Newport Beach, CA, USA, 2001.

[14] Y. Bar-Cohen, "EAP as artificial muscles: progress and challenges," In proceedings of SPIE Conference on Structures and Materials, pp. 10-16, 2004.

[15] R. Jones, "Artificial Muscles: Dielectric Electroactive Polymer-Based Actuation," In proceedings of the International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering, Chengdu, China, pp. 209-216, 2010.

[16] F. Carpi and D. De Rossi, Electroactive polymer artificial muscles: an overview, Wit Pr/Computational Mechanics, Southampton, 2010.

[17] C. Chidsey and R. Murray, "Electroactive polymers and macromolecular electronics," Science, vol. 231, pp. 25-31, 1986.

[18] S. Nemat-Nasser and J. Li, "Electromechanical response of ionic polymer-metal

composites," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 87, pp. 3321-3331, 2000.

[19] S. Nemat-Nasser, "Micromechanics of actuation of ionic polymer-metal composites," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 92, pp. 2899-2915, 2002.

[20] R. Pelrine, R. Kornbluh, and J. Joseph, "Electrostriction of polymer dielectrics with compliant electrodes as a means of actuation," Sensors and Actuators A:

Physical, vol. 64, pp. 77-85, 1998.

[21] R. Pelrine, P. Sommer-Larsen, R. Kornbluh, R. Heydt, G. Kofod, Q. Pei, and P.

Gravesen, "Applications of dielectric elastomer actuators," In proceedings of SPIE Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, Newport Beach, CA, USA, pp. 335-349, 2001.

[22] X. Zhang, C. LOWE, M. Wissler, B. Jahne, and G. KOVACS, "Dielectric elastomers in actuator technology," Advanced Engineering Materials, vol. 7, pp.

361-367, 2005.

[23] M. Wissler and E. Mazza, "Modeling of a pre-strained circular actuator made of dielectric elastomers," Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 120, pp. 184-192, 2005.

[24] X. Zhao and Z. Suo, "Electrostriction in elastic dielectrics undergoing large deformation," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 104, pp. 123530, 2009.

[25] X. Zhao and Z. Suo, "Method to analyze electromechanical stability of dielectric elastomers," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 91, pp. 061921, 2007.

[26] Y. Liu, L. Liu, K. Yu, S. Sun, and J. Leng, "An investigation on electromechanical stability of dielectric elastomers undergoing large deformation," Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 18, pp. 095040, 2009.

[27] M. Nazari, P. Perrier, M. Chabanas, and Y. Payan, "Simulation of dynamic orofacial movements using a constitutive law varying with muscle activation,"

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, vol. 13, pp.

469-482, 2010.

[28] Y. Liu, L. Liu, S. Sun, and J. Leng, "Electromechanical stability of a Mooney-Rivlin type dielectric elastomer with nonlinear variable permittivity,"

Polymer International, vol. 59, pp. 371-377, 2010.

[29] C. Hoang-Ngoc and E. Paroissien, "Simulation of single-lap bonded and hybrid (bolted/bonded) joints with flexible adhesive," International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, vol. 30, pp. 117-129, 2010.

[30] L. Lampani and P. Gaudenzi, "3D Finite Element Analyses of Multilayer Dielectric Elastomer Actuators with Metallic Compliant Electrodes for Space Applications," Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol. 21, pp. 621-632, 2010.

[31] P. Wang, B. Lassen, R. Jones, and B. Thomsen, "Multiscale modelling of a composite electroactive polymer structure," Smart Materials and Structures, vol.

19, pp. 124008, 2010.

[32] J. Woosang and T. Yutaka, "Computational Modeling of Electromechanical Behaviors of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators," In proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, Hong Kong, 2010.

[33] G. Kofod, "Dielectric elastomer actuators," Ph.D. dissertation, The Technical University of Denmark, 2001.

[34] J. Cheng, J. Zhe, and X. Wu, "Analytical and finite element model pull-in study of rigid and deformable electrostatic microactuators," Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 14, pp. 57-68, 2004.

[35] S. Pamidighantam, R. Puers, K. Baert, and H. Tilmans, "Pull-in voltage analysis

of electrostatically actuated beam structures with fixed-fixed and fixed-free end conditions," Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 12, pp.

458-464, 2002.

[36] Y. Nemirovsky and O. Bochobza-Degani, "A methodology and model for the pull-in parameters of electrostatic actuators," Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 10, pp. 601-615, 2002.

[37] J. O'dwyer, "Theory of dielectric breakdown in solids," Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 116, pp. 239-242, 1969.

[38] J. Plante and S. Dubowsky, "Large-scale failure modes of dielectric elastomer

[41] C. Jean-Mistral, A. Sylvestre, S. Basrour, and J. Chaillout, "Dielectric properties of polyacrylate thick films used in sensors and actuators," Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 19, pp. 075019, 2010.

[42] M. Wissler and E. Mazza, "Mechanical behavior of an acrylic elastomer used in dielectric elastomer actuators," Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 134, pp.

494-504, 2007.

[43] M. Coelho and J. Zigelbaum, "Shape-changing interfaces," Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, pp. 1-13, 2010.

[44] S. Crandall, N. Dahl, and T. Lardner, An introduction to the mechanics of solids,

McGraw-Hill, New York, 1978.

[45] R. Diaz Calleja and P. Llovera Segovia, "Energy diagrams and stability restrictions for electroelastic generators," Journal of Polymer Science Part B:

Polymer Physics, vol. 48, pp. 2023-2028, 2010.

[46] A. Ali, M. Hosseini, and B. Sahari, "A review and comparison on some rubber elasticity models," Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, vol. 69, pp.

495-500, 2010.

[47] L. R. G. Treloar, H. G. Hopkins, R. S. Rivlin, and J. M. Ball, "The Theory of Rubber Elasticity [and Discussion]," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.

A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, vol. 351, pp. 301-330, 1976.

[48] J. Wegner, J. Haddow, and L. Jiang, "Electrostriction of Polymer Dielectrics With Compliant Electrodes," In proceedings of SPIE Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 77-85, 2004.

[49] C. Bolzmacher, J. Biggs, and M. Srinivasan, "Flexible dielectric elastomer actuators for wearable human-machine interfaces," In proceedings of SPIE Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, CA, USA, pp.

616804, 2006.

[50] D. Cheng, Field and wave electromagnetics, Pearson/Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2003.

[51] S. Ha, W. Yuan, Q. Pei, R. Pelrine, and S. Stanford, "Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for High-Performance Electroelastomer Artificial Muscles," Advanced Materials, vol. 18, pp. 887-891, 2006.

[52] J. Fox and N. Goulbourne, "On the dynamic electromechanical loading of dielectric elastomer membranes," Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol. 56, pp. 2669-2686, 2008.

[53] N. Goulbourne, E. Mockensturm, and M. Frecker, "A nonlinear model for dielectric elastomer membranes," Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol. 72, pp.

899-906, 2005.

[54] D. Halliday, R. Resnick, and J. Walker, Fundamentals of physics, John Wiley &

Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ 2010.

[55] C. Liu, Foundations of MEMS, Pearson/Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2006.

[56] M. Wissler and E. Mazza, "Electromechanical coupling in dielectric elastomer actuators," Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 138, pp. 384-393, 2007.

[57] G. Kofod, "The static actuation of dielectric elastomer actuators: how does pre-stretch improve actuation?," Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 41, pp. 215405, 2008.

相關文件