The focus of this research has been on proposing the use of dynamic web-based multimedia templates to empower users of pervasive computing devices and how it might fit in a pervasive computing environment by addressing, from an application-centric viewpoint, specific criteria such as the application challenges, mobile user characteristics and device limitations while considering the vision of pervasive computing and enhancing the user experience. The application of MobileCampus is not limited and can be conceived to be a general application for all multimedia data. The successful features of the proposed system rely heavily on its commitment to addressing the set criteria.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
CDMA
The US military first use Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology during World Ware II. CDMA encodes radio signals by using a random sequence to define a channel and convert speech into digital signals. It reportedly is more reliable, saves battery life, and is more secure than other wireless transmission technologies. QUALCOMM provided the hardware for the military during World War II and is now applying for patents on the technology that was made public after the war.CSS
An extension to HTML to allow styles, e.g. colors, font, size to be specified for certain elements of a hypertext document. Style information can be included in-line in the HTML file or in a separate CSS file (which can then be easily shared by multiple HTML files). Multiple levels of CSS can be used to allow selective overriding of styles.GPRS
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) offers high-speed Internet service over a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) network. This process sends packets in bursts so that the user experience is instant connectivity, faster data transmission and faster response time for roaming users. It’s easy to set up and easy to install.GSM
GSM was introduced in 1991 and came into service sometime in 1997. The packet technology provides high-speed wireless access over a GSM network for access by mobile devices and allows eight simultaneous calls per radio frequency. GSM is available in more than 100 countries, and the default service is available in Europe, Asia and Australia. GSM is also available in the Americas at the 1900mhz frequency.IEEE 802.11
The IEEE 802.11 protocol is a standard in the wireless industry. It defines a physical layer and a sublayer that manages media access control (MAC). The protocol specifies two authentication methods. Open Systems authentication allows free access to the network and Shared Key authentication provides security through a prearranged signature.IEEE 802.11b (Wi-Fi)
The IEEE 802.11b protocol enhances and standardizes the physical layer so that it can support higher bit-rates, which allows wireless networking at higher speeds. This protocol supports bit-rates of 5.5mbps and 11mbps.
IEEE 802.1x
The IEEE 802.1x protocol defines port-based, network access control used to provide authenticated network access for Ethernet (wired) and wireless networks. 802.1x support is included with Windows XP Professional.IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is an open organization designed topromote communication among network developers, architects, designers, and basically anyone with an interest in promoting well-designed Internet applications and efficient development for Internet tools and applications.
ITU
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is located in Geneva, Switzerland, and works with the United Nations to establish standards for global telecommunication networks and services. Its purpose is to act as a free international agent to work with governments to establish telephony and wireless standards worldwide.Pervasive Computing
The idea that technology is moving beyond the personal computer to everyday devices with embedded technology and connectivity as computing devices become progressively smaller and more powerful. Also called ubiquitous computing, pervasive computing is the result of computer technology advancing at exponential speeds -- a trend toward all man-made and some natural products having hardware and software. Pervasive computing goes beyond the realm of personal computers: it is the idea that almost any device, from clothing to tools to appliances to cars to homes to the human body to your coffee mug, can be imbedded with chips to connect the device to an infinite network of other devices. The goal of pervasive computing, which combines current network technologies with wireless computing, voice recognition, Internet capability and artificial intelligence, is to create an environment where the connectivity of devices is embedded in such a way that the connectivity is unobtrusive and always available.
TDMA
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technology is used to transmit digital packets from a cell phone to a base station Access Point. TDMA works by breaking transmissions into smaller chunks and then stacking them into shorter time units so that more calls can be sent simultaneously. GSM is using TDMA to provide the eight calls per frequency mentioned earlier.Wi-Fi Alliance
The Wi-Fi Alliance is a non-profit international association formed in 1999 to certify the interoperability of WLAN products based on the IEEE 802.11 specification. The goal of the Wi-Fi Alliance’s members is to enhance the user experience through product interoperability.
WLAN
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) provide wireless network access in a corporate environment. With roaming wireless connections, users can move from building to building and from room to room without disruption of service. Two types of WLANs are available: infrastructure and ad-hoc networks. An infrastructure network connects individual PCs (known as stations) to a wired network via a wireless AP. Ad-hoc networks allow individual users to form a temporary wireless network for sharing and collaborating without the need for a wireless AP.WMV
Short for Windows Media Video, it is a Microsoft standard for delivering video over the Internet.WPAN
Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) are designed to provide anindividual with wireless connectivity within a personal space. This space surrounds the user up to 10 meters and provides an ad-hoc wireless network.
Typically used for cell phones, laptops and PDAs. This ad-hoc network uses either infrared technology to “squirt” data to another device within 1 meter or takes advantage of Bluetooth technology.
WWAN
Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs) are designed to establish wireless connections over a large geographic area. Due to the size of the areas that a WWAN must transmit, WWAN technologies transfer data by using satellites or multiple antenna sites that wireless service providers maintain. Although wireless manufacturers and developers are working toward a wireless world standard, there isn’t one today. GSM is widely predominant throughout the world; however CDMA and its 1xRTT standard are also available.XML
XML is a markup language for documents containing structured information.Structured information contains both content (words, pictures, etc.) and some indication of what role that content plays (for example, content in a section heading has a different meaning from content in a footnote, which means something different than content in a figure caption or content in a database table, etc.). Almost all documents have some structure. A markup language is a mechanism to identify structures in a document. The XML specification defines a standard way to add markup to documents.
XSLT
Short for Extensible Style Language Transformation, the language used in XSL style sheets to transform XML documents into other XML documents. An XSL processor reads the XML document and follows the instructions in the XSL style sheet, then it outputs a new XML document or XML-document fragment. This is extremely useful in e-commerce, where the same data need to be converted into different representations of XML. Not all companies use the exact same programs, applications and computer systems. XSLT Recommendation was written and developed by the XSL Working Group and became ratified by the W3C on November 16, 1999REFERENCE APPENDIX
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