Chapter 5. Discussion
5.2 Limitations and future work
Our study examined the effect of testing environments, route cue types and psychological geospatial abilities on wayfinding performance. There are, however, limitations in our study. First, real-life environment of wayfinding was located in NTU campus, where road instructions might not be complete. Therefore, there might be differences between campus and general road condition. Second, indoor environments were not tested here. Several studies have investigated wayfinding in indoor environment (Baskaya, Wilson, & Ozcan, 2004; Vanclooster et al., 2014; Walkowiak, Foulsham, &
Eardley, 2015). Whether indoor and outdoor environments share similar mental processed remains to be tested in future studies.
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Third, though behavior patterns are similar in real-life and virtual environment settings, whether training effect is transferrable from VE to real-life lacks empirical evidence. It remains to be solved in future work.
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Santa Barbara Sense of Direction Scale (SBSOD)
請仔細閱讀每題幹敘述後，想想「它與自己實際經驗」的相同程度，並勾選您的同
意程度；共計15 題，請填答所有題目。
B01.別人問路時，我很擅長報路
B02.我記憶力不佳，常忘記東西放在哪 B03.我擅長判斷距離的遠近
B04.我的方向感非常好
B05.我傾向使用「東西南北」來思考所處的環境 B06.我容易在陌生的地方迷路
B07.我喜歡看地圖
B08.問路時，我通常無法理解別人給的路線指引 B09.我擅長看地圖
B10.坐車時，我通常不記得車子的行駛路線 B11.別人問路時，我不喜歡報路
B12.「我人在哪裡」對我來說並不重要 B13.旅行時，我通常讓其他人規劃路線
B14.在只有走過一次的情形下，我可以把沿路路線記住 B15.我不太能在腦海中呈現家裡附近的地圖
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Geo-spatial thinking ability test, GSTAT
地理-空間思考能力測驗 (Geo-spatial thinking ability test, GSTAT)
本部份共計24 題選擇題，每題僅有一個正確或是最佳解答，請填答所有題目，答
錯並不會扣分。
1. ( ) 下圖為一假想的地球。其中同心圓線為緯線，自中心點北極向外散開的
線為經線。請問：甲地位在乙地的哪一方位？ (Ａ)東北方 (Ｂ)東南方
(Ｃ)西北方 (Ｄ)西南方。
2. ( ) 下圖是某座山的等高線圖，其中線段 AD、線段 CE、線段 CF 經過此 山。請問下列選項的敘述中，何者是上坡且坡度最陡？
(Ａ)A 點至 B 點 (Ｂ) C 點至 D 點 (Ｃ) E 點至 C 點 (Ｄ) F 點至 C 點
3. ( ) 下圖為小明家周遭地圖，並依照他家為中心，每 5 公里畫一同心圓。請
由圖中算出，小明家方圓20 公里內，有幾家便利商店？
(A)12 家 (B)15 家 (C) 16 家 (D) 18 家
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4. ( ) 下圖是某一地的衛星影像圖。請由該圖中判斷該張影像有幾個聚落存 在？ (A)3 (B)5 (C)7 (D)9
5. ( ) 某國政府希望在一地區設立垃圾掩埋場(如圖，網格線部分為
掩埋場預定地；星號為住家)，屆時除了掩埋場內的住家必須遷移之外，距 離掩埋場 300 公尺內的住家也必須遷移。請問，這樣一來受波及而必須遷移 的住家有幾戶？
(A)9 戶 (B) 12 戶 (C) 14 戶 (D) 18 戶
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6. ( ) 柯南撿到一張紙條，上面寫著案發現場當時四位嫌疑人的相對
位置關係：「甲坐在乙的西北方，丙坐在乙的西方，丁坐在乙的北方」。請問
：若從紙條敘述還原當時現場四位嫌疑人的位置，下列示意圖何者最正確？
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
7. ( ) 下圖是某地區的行政區域圖，圖中的虛線是斷層線，圓點代表 房屋。今日該地政府想要畫設距離斷層線X公尺內的房屋為危險房屋，應加 強監測。若政府公告該區域的危險房屋有11間，則X應是多少？
(A) 250 (B) 500 (C) 750 (D)1000
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8. ( ) 下圖是某一地區樹種、溫度以及溼度的分布圖。其中樹種圖中數字越大 代表越為易燃樹種；溫度圖中的數字表示攝氏溫度，數字越高越有可能發生 火災；溼度表示相對濕度，數字越低越有可能發生火災。若森林火災的發生 僅受樹種、溫度及溼度影響，則下列甲乙丙丁四個地區哪一地區發生森林火 災的機率最大？
(A) 甲 (B) 乙 (C) 丙 (D) 丁
▲樹種分布圖 ▲溫度分布圖
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▲溼度分布圖
9. ( ) 下圖是某地區的等高線圖。請問，若小王站在圖中 X 所在的觀景台遠 眺，則他看不到哪些英文字母所在位置的地點？
(Ａ) 只有 C (Ｂ) A、C (Ｃ) B、C、D、E (Ｄ) A、E
10. ( ) 小明在一未知地區迷路，此時他發現燈塔在他的前方，煙囪在他的
左後方。請問，下圖W、X、Y、Z 四的中，何者最有可能是小明所在的位
置？
(A)W (B)X (C)Y (D)Z
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11. ( ) 左下圖是某鄉鎮的住家分布圖，今日政府想要在該鄉鎮人口稠密處
建一座游泳池共大眾使用，請問應建築在右下圖中的何處較佳？
(A)W (B)X (C)Y (D)Z
12. ( ) 王老先生有塊地，他想要在土地上蓋一間豪宅。他拿出那塊地的坡
度圖以及地質圖(如下圖)。王老先生希望他的豪宅蓋在安山岩上面，且坡度
越低越好。若依照王老先生的期望，請問下面A、B、C、D 四點哪一點較適
合蓋豪宅？
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D
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13. ( ) 下圖為某鄉鎮的交通路線圖。請估計該鄉鎮距離高速公路5 公里內
的工廠有幾家？
(A) 6 家 (B) 7 家 (C) 8 家 (D) 9 家
14. ( ) 老王考慮在下圖四個黑原點中的某一處開設一間水電行。假設一間
水電行的服務範圍為400 公尺，則老王開設在哪一地點可以服務到最多住
家？
(A)甲 (B)乙 (C)丙 (D)丁
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15. ( ) 下圖是某縣市中各鄉鎮的便利商店分布圖。若將每個鄉鎮的便利商
店數量加總繪製成柱狀圖，則選項(A) (B) (C) (D)中何者最正確？
(A) (B)
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(C) (D)
16. ( ) 下列A~D 選項中哪張圖的空間分布型態，與圖 I 的分布型態最像？
圖 I
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
17. ( ) 老張是一位生物學家，想找尋某種水鹿的蹤跡，且身邊有一張 等高線地形圖(如下圖)。已知該種水鹿的棲地在海拔 500-1000 公尺且常聚 集於溪邊喝水。請問，下圖甲、乙、丙、丁四地中何處較有機會找到？
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(Ａ) 甲 (Ｂ) 乙 (Ｃ) 丙 (Ｄ)丁。
18. ( ) 下圖是某城市的街道圖。小敏站在圖中三角形的位置出發，向西走
一路口，接著向北走一路口，再向東走兩個路口，最後向南走兩個路口。請 問，圖中甲乙丙丁四個點，何者離小敏最後所在位置最近？
(A) 甲 (B)乙 (C)丙 (D)丁。
19. ( ) 下圖是某地區的等高線圖。請問，圖中A、B、C、D四點何者所在
的海拔最低？
(Ａ) A (Ｂ) B (Ｃ) C (Ｄ) D
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20. ( ) 下圖為某個區域的街道圖，圖中的實線為道路。今日小華從打星號
20. ( ) 下圖為某個區域的街道圖，圖中的實線為道路。今日小華從打星號