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should own their inner computing resources to support private clouds and virtualize all of their resources to facilitate the operation of private clouds. Public and private clouds also have a positive relation, and our research indicates that knowledge of public clouds can be of great use in the implementation of private clouds.
As for academic contributions, we organize and tabulate previous research on cloud computing in this study and develop a readiness model. Although our model is not fully supported by the results of our analysis, partly because of the newness of the technology, some of our results will acquaint readers with helpful cloud implementation knowledge and will aid readers in improving their processes of implementing and operating cloud computing.
6.3 Limitations and Future Research
The research is based on a broad review of past research, and the research model developed before publishing the questionnaire is altered on the professional advice of two companies that are already offering cloud computing as one of their products.
Nonetheless, there are several limitations to our research, and the research leaves room for improvement. First, we must reflect on the sample size of our research.
Because the questionnaire is provided online and only spread on referrals, we only collect approximately one hundred fifty completed questionnaires. When we begin to analyze the returned questionnaires, we delete several questionnaires with unreasonable responses, which makes the sample size even smaller. Usually, small samples easily result in a greater possibility of flawed results, so empirical study should be conducted with sufficiently sized samples. Second, the measurements we use to design our questionnaire also constitute a limitation. When we test the validity of our sample, we delete several measurements because of the results of the test. After the process, we find that some of our readiness factors contain only two measurements, which is quite insufficient because one factor should normally contain more than three measurements. Therefore, it is important to ensure that sufficient measurements are included before making a questionnaire available. Future research can focus on the underlying contributing factors that may differentiate among different cloud computing users. The large standard deviations for some of our research factors may indicate the presence of distinct features among users.
Additionally, we initially propose only six managerial and technological factors, but other factors may still be forming because cloud computing is a new technological phenomenon that is still evolving.
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Appendix A. Questionnaire (English Version)
Dear participants,
Thank you for your time in completing this research questionnaire. This research is being conducted by EB-Lab of National Cheng-chi University and is subsidized by the National Science Council. The goal of the research is to assess the readiness and development of companies implementing and operating cloud computing in Taiwan.
The target participants of the research include the following:
1. Companies that have not adopted cloud computing but have performed preliminary research on cloud computing and are likely to adopt cloud computing in the future.
2. Companies that have not adopted cloud computing but have developed plans for introducing cloud computing.
3. Companies that have adopted cloud computing but are not currently operating cloud computing.
4. Companies that have adopted cloud computing and are operating cloud computing.
The research participants are not exclusive to IT staff; anyone with knowledge of cloud computing is qualified. The research questions are brief and open-ended and will take you only ten minutes at most to finish. Please answer all of the questions to the best of your knowledge to reflect the current status of your company. Your response is much appreciated and helpful to our research.
The results are only for academic purposes, and no disclosure of personal information is intended. In addition, we provide all of the participants with a coupon that entitles them to $NT100 off any purchase at the Carrefour hypermarket. If there are any questions, please feel free to contact us via the following:
James Chen (Tel:0956960815 / Email: [email protected]) Jerry Che (Tel:0960750151 / Email: [email protected]) Thank you for your time.
Research conducted by EB-Lab of National Cheng-chi University Research hosted by Dr. Hsin-Lu Chang
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services your company is currently using.Cloud computing is a new way of online computing. Users can gain access to pools of services deployed on the Internet through cloud computing without knowing the location of the server or service providers.
1. Personal familiarity with cloud computing?
□ I never heard of it
□ I never used it in the past
□ I have used it
□ I have used it and understand how it works
□ I understand and have developed cloud services
□ I have instructed others in using cloud service
□ Other _______
2. Which of the following cloud services are currently in place in my company?
The SaaS (software as a service) layer of cloud computing
□ Cooperation Software (Microsoft Office Live Workspace、Google Apps)
□ Donor Management Software (Raiser’s Edge、eTapestry)
□ Email Software (Hotmail、Gmail、Yahoo!Mail、Hinet)
□ Email Marketing Software (Constant Contact、StrongMail)
□ Subsidization Management Software (Microsoft Grants Manager、Salesforce)
□ Media Tracking Software (Wildfire、Google Alerts)
□ Office Software (Microsoft Office、Zoho Office)
□ VoIP(Cisco CloudVoIP、Skype)
□ Social Network Website (Facebook、Twitter、Plurk)
□ Online Meeting Software (Skype、WebEx、ReadyTalk、Citrix Go to Meeting)
□ Training Software (Citrix GoToWebinar、ReadyTalk)
□ Anti-virus Software (Symantec Cloud)
□ Project Management Software (Basecamp、QuickBase)
□ Accounting Software(Intuit QuickBooks Online、NetSuite)
□ Receipt Management Software (Invoicera)
□ Man Power Management Software (SuccessFactors、Ascentis HR、NAVICUS)
□ Payroll Software(101pay、PayCom)
□ Transaction Management Software (Paypal)
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The PaaS (platform as a service) layer of cloud computing
□ Customer Database Management Software (Microsoft Dynamics CRM、Salesforce)
□ Server Hosting Platform (FatCow、Chunghwa Teleco)
□ Online Developing Platform (Apple Store API、Windows Azure)
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The IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) layer of cloud computing
PP1 □ Data Analyzing Service (Crystal Reports)
PP2 □ Date Back-up and Collocation Service (SugarSync) PP3 □ Disaster Recovery Service (Mware vCloud)
PP4 □ Rental Storage and Sharing Platform (Amazon EBS、Sharepoint online、
Box.net)
PP5 □ Virtual Machines (Amazon EM2、RackSpace)
PP6 □ Server Load Balance Monitoring Service(RackSpace、Cloud Load Balancers) PP7 □ My company owns internal virtualized machine
PP8 □ My company has VPN services
PP9 □ My company provides private computing resources PP10 □ My company has private storage space
□ Other ______________
--- PP11 □ I am not familiar with or have used any of the listed cloud services.
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Part Two (technological readiness of companies):
Please choose the score that best reflects the current technological status of your company. The following questions are divided into public and private readiness factors, which define the ownership of companies’ technological capabilities. Please rate them on a scale of one to seven on the basis of your participation and experience at your company. Score one stands for “strongly disagree,” score two for “disagree,”
score three for “slightly disagree,” score four for “normal,” score five for “slightly agree,” score six for “agree,” score seven for “strongly agree.”
Item Questions Score
TIC1 Local-area connections in the company are stable.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TIC2 Internet connections in the company are stable.1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TIC3 The quality of Internet services is consistent, anddoesn’t vary cording to places or times.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
MCM5 The cooperation with contracted companies is smooth and flawless.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
MCM6 The contracted companies secure the company’s information security.
TV1 I have certain knowledge of virtualization in cloud computing.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TV2 I believe the company are able to carry out virtualization in cloud computing.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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TII1 The company owns enough IT equipment.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TII2 The company often updates software.1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TII3 The company often updates hardware.1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TII4 The computers provided by the company areoperating smoothly and flawless.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
MIS3 The company has a well-developed system of staff training.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
MSS1 The main goal of the company is clear.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
MSS2 The operation of the company is consistent withits main goal.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
MSS3 The company is used to introducing new technology.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
MSS4 The company often reflects on its main goal and adjusts it when needed.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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Part Three (personal information):
1. Gender：□ Male □ Female
2. Age：□ 18 ~ 20 □ 21 ~ 25 □ 26 ~ 30 □ 31 ~ 35
□ 36 ~ 40 □ 41 ~ 45 □ 46 ~ 50 □ 51 以上
3. Education background：□ Elementary school □ Junior high □ Senior high □ college □ Master’s degree and above
4. My company’s name：_______________
5. My title：_______________
6. My department：_______________
7. My seniority at the company：□ Less than 2 years □ Between 2 and 5 years □ Between 6~10years □ Between 10 and 15 years □ More than 15 years
8. Years of my company’s operation：□ Less than 2 years □ Between 2 and 5 years
□ Between 6~10years □ Between 10 and 15 years □ More than 15 years 9. Type of the industry：□ Information service industry □ Electronics industry □
Service industry □ Software development industry □ Banking industry □ Electrical engineering industry □ Chemical industry □ Sales industry □
Communication industry □ Plastics industry □ Car manufacturing industry □ Other____________
10. Capital of the company：□ Less than 10 million □ Between 10 million and 30 million □ Between 30million and 80 million □ Between 80 million and 0.5 billion □ Between 0.5 billion and 1 billion □ More than 1 billion
11. Number of employees：□ Less than 5 □ Between 6 and 20 □ Between 21 and 50
□ Between 51 and 200 □ Between 201 and 1000 □ More than 1001
12. Annual revenue of the company：□ Less than 5 million □ Between 5 million and 20 million □ Between 20 million and 0.1 billion □ Between 0.1 billion and 0.5 billion □ Between 0.5 billion and 5 billion □ More than 5 billion
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Appendix B. Questionnaire (Mandarin Version)
台灣企業雲端準備度與成熟度評估
親愛的先生/女士您好：
首先非常感謝您在繁忙之中，撥空填答此問卷。這份問卷調查是由國立政治 大學商學院資訊管理學系企業電子化營運實驗室所設計，並得到國家科學委員會
（國科會）的補助，旨在評估台灣企業導入與發展雲端運算的準備度與成熟度。
本問卷所針對的企業為：
(1)尚未導入，但對雲端運算已有初步研究，並不排除未來會導入的公司 (2)尚未導入，但已有計畫未來會導入雲端運算的公司
(3)曾經導入雲端運算的公司，但目前已無使用 (4)目前正在使用雲端運算的公司
填答對象不限定於資訊部人員，只要您對公司的雲端運算發展有所認識，皆 可填答。本問卷內容精簡，可在 5-10 分鐘內完成填寫，問卷內各題並無標準答 案，請依據您的企業實際狀況作答即可，您的填答結果對本研究有極大的助益，
惠請您撥空協助，提供寶貴的意見。
填答內容僅供研究分析用途，絕無個別披露之虞，亦不另做它用，請您安心 作答。對於完整回覆問卷者，本問卷中心將提供問卷填答禮品，禮品為家樂福一 百元提貨券，經確認為有效問卷後即寄出禮品至您的聯絡地址。若對本研究問卷 有任何疑問，請洽研究聯絡人：
陳 楷： 電話 0956960815 [email protected] 車育賢： 電話 0960750151 [email protected] 感謝您的參與和協助！
敬祝 順心如意
研究單位：國立政治大學商學院 資訊管理學系 企業電子化營運實驗室 研究主持人：張欣綠博士
研究助理：碩士生 陳楷 車育賢 敬上
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□協同合作軟體(Microsoft Office Live Workspace、Microsoft Lync、Google Apps)
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PaaS（ 平 台 即 服 務 ）「 將 整 合 了 設 計 、 開 發 、 測 試 、 部 署 、 代 管 等 功 能 的 平 台 提 供 給 用 戶 的 雲 端 運 算 服 務 ， 藉 由 打 造 程 式 開 發 與 作 業 系 統 平 台 ， 讓 開 發 人 員 可 以 透 過 網 路 撰 寫 程 式 與 服 務，並 依 據 流 量 或 運 算 資 源 使 用 量 來 進 行 收 費 」
□客戶資料庫(Microsoft Dynamics CRM、Salesforce)
□網站託管(FatCow、智邦網站代管、中華電信)
□線上開發平台(Apple Store API、Windows Azure)
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IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service ， 基 礎 架 構 即 服 務 ) 指 的 是 「 使 用 者 可 以 透 過 向 雲 端 服 務 提 供 商 租 用 的 方 式 ， 使 用 處 理 器 、 儲 存 容 量 、 網 路 等 基 礎 的 運 算 資 源 ， 不 需 自 行 購 買 硬 體 及 建 置 基 礎 設 施 」
PP1 □資料分析數據(Crystal Reports) PP2 □資料備份/同步(SugarSync) PP3 □災難復原(Mware vCloud)
PP4 □外租儲存與分享空間(Amazon EBS、Sharepoint online、Box.net) PP5 □外租虛擬伺服器(Amazon EM2、RackSpace)
PP6 □監控伺服器負載平衡服務(RackSpace、Cloud Load Balancers、中華電 信 CaaS 負載平衡)
PP7 □公司內部擁有虛擬化主機 PP8 □公司內部私有網路(VPN) PP9 □公司內部提供運算資源 PP10 □公司私有儲存空間
□其他：__________________
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PP11 □不清楚或皆未使用過任何上述雲端服務
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第三部分：
四、 請填寫您公司與您的一些基本資料 13. 性別：□ 男 □ 女
14. 年齡：□ 18 ~ 20 □ 21 ~ 25 □ 26 ~ 30 □ 31 ~ 35
□ 36 ~ 40 □ 41 ~ 45 □ 46 ~ 50 □ 51 以上
15. 教育程度：□ 國小 □ 國中 □ 高中 □ 大學 □ 研究所(含)以上 16. 我的公司名稱：_______________
17. 我的工作職稱：_______________
18. 我的工作部門：_______________
19. 我在這個職位工作已：□ 2 年以下 □ 2~5 年(含) □ 5~10 年(含) □ 10~15 年(含) □ 15 年以上
20. 公司已成立：□ 2 年以下 □ 2~5 年(含) □ 5~10 年(含) □ 10~15 年 (含) □ 15 年以上
21. 公司的產業別：□水泥工業 □食品工業 □塑膠工業 □紡織工業 □電 機業 □電器電纜業 □化學工業 □玻璃陶瓷業 □造紙工業 □鋼鐵 業 □橡膠業 □汽車業 □電子業 □營建業 □運輸業 □觀光業
□金融保險業 □資訊服務業 □資訊軟體業 □百貨業 □綜合業 □ 其他_______________
22. 公司的資本額：□1000 萬以下 □1000 萬~3000 萬(含) □3000 萬~8000 萬(含) □8000 萬~5 億(含) □5 億~10 億(含) □10 億以上
23. 公司的員工人數：□5 人以下 □6 人~20 人 □21 人~50 人 □51 人~200 人 □201 人~1000 人 □1001 人以上
24. 公司的平均年營業額：□500 萬以下 □500 萬~2000 萬(含) □2000 萬~1 億(含) □1 億~5 億(含) □5 億~50 億(含) □50 億以上
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VIVOTEK Inc FAE engineer Technical support department 電子業 5 億~10 億(含) 201 人~1000 人
晶睿通訊 經理 設計驗證部 電子業 5 億~10 億(含) 201 人~1000 人
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大同公司 教師 資管 資訊服務產業 5 億~10 億(含) 1001 人以上
中華航空 營業員 票務 運輸業 5 億~10 億(含) 1001 人以上
中國人壽 業務主任 營業處 金融保險業 5 億~10 億(含) 1001 人以上
英業達 工程師 軟體設計部門 資訊服務產業 10 億以上 1001 人以上
PEGA programmer mis 資訊服務產業 10 億以上 1001 人以上
KPMG 實習生 資訊科技諮詢服務 資訊服務產業 10 億以上 1001 人以上
廣達電腦 工程師 未來研究室 資訊服務產業 10 億以上 1001 人以上
HP Commodity Manager DTO Supply Chain 資訊服務產業 10 億以上 1001 人以上
神通 分析師 WF2 資訊服務產業 10 億以上 1001 人以上
宏達電 工讀生 環安 電子業 10 億以上 1001 人以上
英業達 網管工程師 網路部 電子業 10 億以上 1001 人以上
英業達 網管工程師 網路部 電子業 10 億以上 1001 人以上