Chapter 4. Conclusions
4.2 Recommendations for Future Work
The spatial displacement measurement has been proved the capability for the system identification and damage assessment. However, the optical measuring system used in this analysis is a total integrated system provides for experiment, which is not suitable for normal condition. To establish a sensing system with more widely capability for SHM, we can go detail about how to extract the three dimensional displacement data from the image. And apply this technique to the monitors installed in the structure.
Another idea is to long term measuring the structural motion through monitors, and performing system identification over time. It may become a good measuring system for SHM. For the local damage assessment applied in this research. The local element crack can all be detected. But the damage condition of elements without crack is hard to be quantified. The better indices should be established to quantify the damage condition and perform early warning. These are all hard issues. Further study is needed for these problems.
66
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71
Table 3-1 Physical parameters of shake table test (Freq. refer to Mao)
Case ID. Excitation Type
PGA (gal) Max Absolute Accel. (gal)
Max. Story Drift Ratio
Equivalent Linear System Freq.
Start Freq. (Hz) End Freq. (Hz)
Table 3-2 White noise analysis result by SSI-COV ( = 0.9)
WN Case ID. Natural Freq. (Hz) Damping ratio Subspace Damage Indicator
Null-space Damage Indicator
72
Table 3-3 Seismic analysis result by RSI and PCA
Seismic Case ID
RSI Frequency PCA Modal Contribution
Start Freq. (Hz) End Freq. (Hz) First Mode (%) Second Mode (%)
RCF6-1 5.78 3.08 99.22 0.74
RCF6-2 3.10 2.65 99.64 0.34
RCF6-3 3.16 2.5 99.52 0.47
RCF6-4 2.58 2.36 99.82 0.16
RCF6-5 2.58 2.28 99.95 0.02
RCF6-6 2.36 2.22 99.96 0.02
RCF6-7 2.43 2.35 99.95 0.03
Table 3-4 Element with oscillation principal motion by SSA
Seismic Case ID Direction Element Direction Element
RCF6-1 , , , -
RCF6-2 -
RCF6-3 - -
RCF6-4 - -
RCF6-5 -
RCF6-6 -
-RCF6-7 - -
Figur
Figure 2-2
re 2-1 Flow
2 Scheme o
73
chart of SSI
of on-line re
I-COV algo
ecursive iden orithm
ntification
F
Figure 2-3 FFinite elemen
Figure 2
nt coordina
2-4 Scheme
74
ate system, c
e of Q4 elem
combines ph
ment shape
hysic and na
function
natural systeem
Seismic Respo RC Frame (measured by Contact Sens
ure 2-5 Strai
Figure 2-6
6 Research f
se Sy d Feature Extractio
Direct Data Analysis
direct Data Analysi
ement
Fig
Figure
3-gure 3-2 De
1 Specimen
esign detail
76
n of one-sto
of elements
ry two-bay
s and specim
RC frame
men diemnssion
Figure 3-3
Figure 3-4
3 Configura
4 Configura
77
ation of gene
ation of opti
eral measur
ical measuri
ing system
ing system
-10 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Ground Accel. (g)
-10 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Ground Disp. (mm)
Figure 3-5
d input grou
40 50
Ground Motion
40 50
Time (sec)
m in the shak
und motion
60 70
n of TCU082
60 70
)
ke table test
of TCU082
79
Figure 3-7 Absolute acceleration response of the series of excitations
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-1 0 1
RCF6-1 (600gal): Absolute Acceleration, PA = 1.23g
(g)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-1 0 1
RCF6-3 (1000gal): Absolute Acceleration, PA = 1.37g
(g)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-1 0 1
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Absolute Acceleration, PA = 1.27g
(g)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-1 0 1
RCF6-5 (1000gal): Absolute Acceleration, PA = 1.26g
(g)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-1 0 1
RCF6-6 (800gal): Absolute Acceleration, PA = 1.06g
(g)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-1 0 1
RCF6-7 (600gal): Absolute Acceleration, PA = 0.81g
Time (sec)
(g)
80
Figure 3-8 Absolute acceleration Fourier spectrum of the series of excitations
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 500
RCF6-1 (600gal): Abs. Accel. Fourier Spectrum
Fourier Amp.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 500
RCF6-3 (1000gal): Abs. Accel. Fourier Spectrum
Fourier Amp.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 500
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Abs. Accel. Fourier Spectrum
Fourier Amp.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 500
RCF6-5 (1000gal): Abs. Accel. Fourier Spectrum
Fourier Amp.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 500
RCF6-6 (800gal): Abs. Accel. Fourier Spectrum
Fourier Amp.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 500
RCF6-7 (600gal): Abs. Accel. Fourier Spectrum
Frequency (Hz)
Fourier Amp.
81
Figure 3-9 Relative displacement of the series of exciations
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-50 0 50
RCF6-1 (600gal): Relative Displacement
(mm)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-50 0 50
RCF6-3 (1000gal): Relative Displacement
(mm)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-50 0 50
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Relative Displacement
(mm)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-50 0 50
RCF6-5 (1000gal): Relative Displacement
(mm)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-50 0 50
RCF6-6 (800gal): Relative Displacement
(mm)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-50 0 50
RCF6-7 (600gal): Relative Displacement
Time (sec)
(mm)
82
Figure 3-10 Inter story drift ratio of the series of excitations
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0 2 4
RCF6-1 (600gal): Story Drift Ratio
(%)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0 2 4
RCF6-3 (1000gal): Story Drift Ratio
(%)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0 2 4
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Story Drift Ratio
(%)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0 2 4
RCF6-5 (1000gal): Story Drift Ratio
(%)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0 2 4
RCF6-6 (800gal): Story Drift Ratio
(%)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0 2 4
RCF6-7 (600gal): Story Drift Ratio
Time (sec)
(%)
83
Figure 3-11 Hysteresis behavior of the series of excitations
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60
RCF6-1 (600gal): Hysteresis Loop
(g)
RCF6-3 (1000gal): Hysteresis Loop
(g)
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Hysteresis Loop
(g)
RCF6-5 (1000gal): Hysteresis Loop
(g)
RCF6-6 (800gal): Hysteresis Loop
(mm)
RCF6-7 (600gal): Hysteresis Loop
(mm)
(g)
(a
Figur a)
re 3-12 DM
Figure 3-13
MM of NDI I
3 Scheme o
84
Inc.: (a) Op
f two differ
ptical tracke
rent coordin (b)
er and (b) tar
nate systems argets.
s
Figuree 3-14 Systeem natural f
85
frequency sstability diaggram, = 0.7
Figuree 3-15 Systeem natural f
86
frequency sstability diaggram, = 0.8
Figuree 3-16 Systeem natrual f
87
frequency sstability diaggram, = 0.9
88
Figure 3-17 Scheme of space difference (a) reference, (b) current, and (c) compare
Figure 3-18 Damage indicators of space projection
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
White Noise Case Number Subspace Damage Indicator
Damage Indicators of SSI-COV
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
White Noise Case Number Null-space Damage Indicator (×10-3)
Csvd=0.7 Csvd=0.8 Csvd=0.9
(a) (b)
(c)
Figure 3--19 System natural freq
89
quency duriing seismic loading, = 0.9
Figure 3-20 Systemm damping
90
ratio duringg seismic looading, = 0.9
91
Figure 3-21 System natural frequency compare diagram
Figure 3-22 Instantaneous phase analysis
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RSI Frequency Compare Diagram
RCF6-1
Unwraped Phase Angle
Instantaneous Phase Analysis
0 20 40 60 80 100
Unwraped Phase Angle
RCF6-1
92
Figure 3-23 Effective mode shape (a)
Figure 3-24 Effective mode shape (b)
0 500 1000
Longtudinal Direction (mm)
Vertical Direction (mm)
RCF6-1 (600gal): PCA
Mode1
Longtudinal Direction (mm) RCF6-2 (800gal): PCA
Mode1
Longtudinal Direction (mm)
Vertical Direction (mm)
RCF6-3 (1000gal): PCA
Mode1
Longtudinal Direction (mm) RCF6-4 (1200gal): PCA
Mode1 Mode2
93
Figure 3-25 Effective mode shape (c)
Figure 3-26 Effective mode shape (d)
0 500 1000
Longtudinal Direction (mm)
Vertical Direction (mm)
RCF6-5 (1000gal): PCA
Mode1
Longtudinal Direction (mm) RCF6-6 (800gal): PCA
Mode1
Longtudinal Direction (mm)
Vertical Direction (mm)
RCF6-7 (600gal): PCA
Mode1 Mode2
94
Figure 3-27 Variation of modal contribution
Figure 3-28 Mesh grids of optical sensors on central column
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Seismic Excitation Case Number
(%)
Mode1 Relative Contribution
Variation of Modal Contribution
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Seismic Excitation Case Number Mode2 Relative Contribution
B10
95
Figure 3-29 Nodal order for a particular element
Figure 3-30 Scheme of damage detection: (a) vertical, (b) laterial difference, and (c) y direction bending analysis
Δ Δ
Δ Δ
(b) (a)
(c)
96
Figure 3-31 RCF6-1 X Dir. element four nodes principal motion
0 10 20
RCF6-1 (600gal): Bottom Side X Dir. Pricipal Motion
B4
Number of SV
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-1 (600gal): Top Side X Dir. Pricipal Motion
B10
Number of SV
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
97
Figure 3-32 RCF6-1 Y Dir. element four nodes principal motion
0 10 20
RCF6-1 (600gal): Bottom Side Y Dir. Pricipal Motion
B4
Number of SV
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-1 (600gal): Top Side Y Dir. Pricipal Motion
B10
Number of SV
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
98
Figure 3-33 RCF6-1 X Dir. unrecoverable element principal motion
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-0.5 0 0.5
RCF6-1 (600gal): Bottom Side X Dir. Unrecoverable Pricipal Motion
B4
Bottom Edge Top Edge
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-0.5 0 0.5
RCF6-1 (600gal): Top Side X Dir. Unrecoverable Pricipal Motion
B10
Bottom Edge Top Edge
99
Figure 3-34 RCF6-1 Y Dir. unrecoverable element principal motion
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-0.5 0 0.5
RCF6-1 (600gal): Bottom Side Y Dir. Unrecoverable Pricipal Motion
B4
Left Edge Right Edge
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-0.5 0 0.5
RCF6-1 (600gal): Top Side Y Dir. Unrecoverable Pricipal Motion
B10
Left Edge Right Edge
100
Figure 3-35 RCF6-4 X Dir. element four nodes principal motion
0 10 20
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Bottom Side X Dir. Pricipal Motion
B4
Number of SV
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Top Side X Dir. Pricipal Motion
B10
Number of SV
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
101
Figure 3-36 RCF6-4 Y Dir. element four nodes principal motion
0 10 20
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Bottom Side Y Dir. Pricipal Motion
B4
Number of SV
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Top Side Y Dir. Pricipal Motion
B10
Number of SV
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
102
Figure 3-37 RCF6-4 X Dir. unrecoverable element principal motion
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-0.5 0 0.5
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Bottom Side X Dir. Unrecoverable Pricipal Motion
B4
Bottom Edge Top Edge
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-0.5 0 0.5
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Top Side X Dir. Unrecoverable Pricipal Motion
B10
Bottom Edge Top Edge
103
Figure 3-38 RCF6-4 Y Dir. unrecoverable element principal motion
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-0.5 0 0.5
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Bottom Side Y Dir. Unrecoverable Pricipal Motion
B4
Left Edge Right Edge
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-0.5 0 0.5
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Top Side Y Dir. Unrecoverable Pricipal Motion
B10
Left Edge Right Edge
104
Figure 3-39 RCF6-1 X Dir. square -sum of unrecoverable signals
Figure 3-40 RCF6-1 Y Dir. square-sum of unrecoverable signals
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-1 (600gal): Bottom Side X Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B4
RCF6-1 (600gal): Top Side Y Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B10
RCF6-1 (600gal): Bottom Side Y Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B4
B3 B2 B1
105
Figure 3-41 RCF6-2 X Dir. square-sum of unrecoverable signals
Figure 3-42 RCF6-2 Y Dir. square-sum of unrecoverable signals
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-2 (800gal): Top Side X Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B10
RCF6-2 (800gal): Bottom Side X Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B4
RCF6-2 (800gal): Top Side Y Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B10
RCF6-2 (800gal): Bottom Side Y Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B4
B3 B2 B1
106
Figure 3-43 RCF6-3 X Dir. square-sum of unrecoverable signals
Figure 3-44 RCF6-3 Y Dir. square-sum of unrecoverable signals
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-3 (1000gal): Top Side X Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B10
RCF6-3 (1000gal): Bottom Side X Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B4
RCF6-3 (1000gal): Top Side Y Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B10
RCF6-3 (1000gal): Bottom Side Y Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B4
B3 B2 B1
107
Figure 3-45 RCF6-4 X Dir. square-sum of unrecoverable signals
Figure 3-46 RCF6-4 Y Dir. square-sum of unrecoverable signals
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Top Side X Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B10
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Bottom Side X Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B4
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Top Side Y Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B10
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Bottom Side Y Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B4
B3 B2 B1
108
Figure 3-47 RCF6-5 X Dir. square-sum of unrecoverable signals
Figure 3-48 RCF6-5 Y Dir. square-sum of unrecoverable signals
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-5 (1000gal): Top Side X Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B10
RCF6-5 (1000gal): Bottom Side X Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B4
RCF6-5 (1000gal): Top Side Y Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B9
RCF6-5 (1000gal): Bottom Side Y Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B4
B3 B2 B1
109
Figure 3-49 RCF6-6 X Dir. square-sum of unrecoverable signals
Figure 3-50 RCF6-6 Y Dir. square-sum of unrecoverable signals
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-6 (800gal): Top Side X Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B10
RCF6-6 (800gal): Bottom Side X Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B4
RCF6-6 (800gal): Top Side Y Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B10
RCF6-6 (800gal): Bottom Side Y Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B4
B3 B2 B1
110
Figure 3-51 RCF6-7 X Dir. square-sum of unrecoverable signals
Figure 3-52 RCF6-7 Y Dir. square-sum of unrecoverable signals
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-7 (600gal): Top Side X Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B10
RCF6-7 (600gal): Bottom Side X Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B4
RCF6-7 (600gal): Top Side Y Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B10
RCF6-7 (600gal): Bottom Side Y Dir. Square-sum of Unrecoverable Signals B4
B3 B2 B1
111
Figure 3-53 Element B2 Y Direction bending angle analysis
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-7 (600gal): Element B2 Block Bending Angle
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-7 (600gal): Element B2 Left Side Difference
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-5 (1000gal): Element B2 Block Bending Angle
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-5 (1000gal): Element B2 Left Side Difference
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-6 (800gal): Element B2 Block Bending Angle
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-6 (800gal): Element B2 Left Side Difference
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-3 (1000gal): Element B2 Block Bending Angle
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-3 (1000gal): Element B2 Left Side Difference
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Element B2 Block Bending Angle
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Element B2 Left Side Difference
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-1 (600gal): Element B2 Block Bending Angle
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-1 (600gal): Element B2 Left Side Difference
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-2 (800gal): Element B2 Block Bending Angle
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-2 (800gal): Element B2 Left Side Difference
112
Figure 3-54 RCF6-1 CWT analysis of element B2 lef edge difference
Figure 3-55 RCF6-1 CWT analysis of element B2 right edge difference
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
-0.1 0 0.1
RCF6-1 (600gal): CWT Analysis on the Signal Dirrerence of Left Edge
Scalogram
Percentage of energy for each wavelet coefficient
Time (or Space) b
Scales a
RCF6-1 (600gal): CWT Analysis on the Signal Dirrerence of Right Edge
Scalogram
Percentage of energy for each wavelet coefficient
Time (or Space) b
Scales a
113
Figure 3-56 RCF6-2 CWT analysis of element B2 lef edge difference
Figure 3-57 RCF6-2 CWT analysis of element B2 right edge difference
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
-0.2 0 0.2
RCF6-2 (800gal): CWT Analysis on the Signal Dirrerence of Left Edge
Scalogram
Percentage of energy for each wavelet coefficient
Time (or Space) b
Scales a
RCF6-2 (800gal): CWT Analysis on the Signal Dirrerence of Right Edge
Scalogram
Percentage of energy for each wavelet coefficient
Time (or Space) b
Scales a
114
Figure 3-58 RCF6-3 CWT analysis of element B2 lef edge difference
Figure 3-59 RCF6-3 CWT analysis of element B2 right edge difference
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
-0.1 0 0.1 0.2
RCF6-3 (1000gal): CWT Analysis on the Signal Dirrerence of Left Edge
Scalogram
Percentage of energy for each wavelet coefficient
Time (or Space) b
Scales a
RCF6-3 (1000gal): CWT Analysis on the Signal Dirrerence of Right Edge
Scalogram
Percentage of energy for each wavelet coefficient
Time (or Space) b
Scales a
115
Figure 3-60 RCF6-4 CWT analysis of element B2 lef edge difference
Figure 3-61 RCF6-4 CWT analysis of element B2 right edge difference
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
-0.10.10.20.30
RCF6-4 (1200gal): CWT Analysis on the Signal Dirrerence of Left Edge
Scalogram
Percentage of energy for each wavelet coefficient
Time (or Space) b
Scales a
RCF6-4 (1200gal): CWT Analysis on the Signal Dirrerence of Right Edge
Scalogram
Percentage of energy for each wavelet coefficient
Time (or Space) b
Scales a
116
Figure 3-62 RCF6-5 CWT analysis of element B2 lef edge difference
Figure 3-63 RCF6-5 CWT analysis of element B2 right edge difference
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
-0.2 0 0.2
RCF6-5 (1000gal): CWT Analysis on the Signal Dirrerence of Left Edge
Scalogram
Percentage of energy for each wavelet coefficient
Time (or Space) b
Scales a
RCF6-5 (1000gal): CWT Analysis on the Signal Dirrerence of Right Edge
Scalogram
Percentage of energy for each wavelet coefficient
Time (or Space) b
Scales a
117
Figure 3-64 RCF6-6 CWT analysis of element B2 lef edge difference
Figure 3-65 RCF6-6 CWT analysis of element B2 right edge difference
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
-0.10 0.1 0.2
RCF6-6 (800gal): CWT Analysis on the Signal Dirrerence of Left Edge
Scalogram
Percentage of energy for each wavelet coefficient
Time (or Space) b
Scales a
RCF6-6 (800gal): CWT Analysis on the Signal Dirrerence of Right Edge
Scalogram
Percentage of energy for each wavelet coefficient
Time (or Space) b
Scales a
118
Figure 3-66 RCF6-7 CWT analysis of element B2 lef edge difference
Figure 3-67 RCF6-7 CWT analysis of element B2 right edge difference
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
-0.2 0 0.2
RCF6-7 (600gal): CWT Analysis on the Signal Dirrerence of Left Edge
Scalogram
Percentage of energy for each wavelet coefficient
Time (or Space) b
Scales a
RCF6-7 (600gal): CWT Analysis on the Signal Dirrerence of Right Edge
Scalogram
Percentage of energy for each wavelet coefficient
Time (or Space) b
Scales a
119
Figure 3-68 Strain field variation from RCF6-1 to RCF6-7,
0 90 180 270 360 450 540 630
Bottom Side Strain Evolution εxx×10-3
B4
120
Figure 3-69 Strain field variation from RCF6-1 to RCF6-7,
0 90 180 270 360 450 540 630
-10 0 10
Bottom Side Strain Evolution εyy×10-3
B4
121
Figure 3-70 Strain field variation from RCF6-1 to RCF6-7,
0 90 180 270 360 450 540 630
-10 0 10
Bottom Side Strain Evolution γxy×10-3
B4
122
Figure 3-71 RCF6-4 Strain field trend of
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
123
Figure 3-72 RCF6-4 Strain field trend of
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
124
Figure 3-73 RCF6-4 Strain field trend of
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
125
Figure 3-74 Normal strain tendency approach by principal motion
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-7 (600gal): Normal Strain εxx of Element B2
Calculate by Principal motion Trend of Normal Strain
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-5 (1000gal): Normal Strain εxx of Element B2
Calculate by Principal motion Trend of Normal Strain
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-6 (800gal): Normal Strain εxx of Element B2
Calculate by Principal motion Trend of Normal Strain
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-3 (1000gal): Normal Strain εxx of Element B2
Calculate by Principal motion Trend of Normal Strain
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Normal Strain εxx of Element B2
Calculate by Principal motion Trend of Normal Strain
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-1 (600gal): Normal Strain εxx of Element B2
Calculate by Principal motion Trend of Normal Strain
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-2 (800gal): Normal Strain εxx of Element B2 Calculate by Principal motion Trend of Normal Strain
126
Figure 3-75 Normal strain tendency approach by principal motion
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-7 (600gal): Normal Strain εyy of Element B2
Calculate by Principal motion Trend of Normal Strain
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-5 (1000gal): Normal Strain εyy of Element B2
Calculate by Principal motion Trend of Normal Strain
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-6 (800gal): Normal Strain εyy of Element B2
Calculate by Principal motion Trend of Normal Strain
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-3 (1000gal): Normal Strain εyy of Element B2
Calculate by Principal motion Trend of Normal Strain
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Normal Strain εyy of Element B2
Calculate by Principal motion Trend of Normal Strain
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-1 (600gal): Normal Strain εyy of Element B2
Calculate by Principal motion Trend of Normal Strain
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-2 (800gal): Normal Strain εyy of Element B2 Calculate by Principal motion Trend of Normal Strain
127
Figure 3-76 Shear strain tendency approach by principal motion
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-7 (600gal): Shear Strain of Element B2
Calculate by Angle of Principal motion Trend of Shear Strain
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-5 (1000gal): Shear Strain of Element B2 Calculate by Angle of Principal motion Trend of Shear Strain
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-6 (800gal): Shear Strain of Element B2
Calculate by Angle of Principal motion Trend of Shear Strain
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-3 (1000gal): Shear Strain of Element B2 Calculate by Angle of Principal motion Trend of Shear Strain
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-4 (1200gal): Shear Strain of Element B2
Calculate by Angle of Principal motion Trend of Shear Strain
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 RCF6-1 (600gal): Shear Strain of Element B2
Calculate by Angle of Principal motion Trend of Shear Strain
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
RCF6-2 (800gal): Shear Strain of Element B2
Calculate by Angle of Principal motion Trend of Shear Strain
Figure 3-77 Local
128
analysis ressult comparrison (a)
Fiigure 3-78 EElement B2
129
local analyysis result coomparison ((b)
Fiigure 3-79 EElement B2
130
2 local analyysis result coomparison ((c)
Fiigure 3-80 EElement B2
131
local analyysis result coomparison ((d)