Concluding Remarks

In the thesis, we propose a systematic methodology to build a Learning-by-Doing remedial tutoring system and apply it in DNS management. The main idea of the proposed study is the integration of diagnostic information with adaptive tutoring.

First, we identify the students’ encountered problems and related learning concepts by using ontology-based approach. Next, we take the diagnostic information as important references and use our proposed ontology-based adaptive learning sequences algorithm to generate adaptive learning sequences as remedial tutoring.

In summary, our main contributions of the thesis:

1. We propose an ontology-based systematic methodology to build a Learning-by-Doing Remedial Tutoring System for helping students solve their encountered problems.

2. We design the Ontology-based Adaptive Learning Sequences Construction (OALSC) algorithm to generate adaptive learning sequences as remedial tutoring information in Learning-by-Doing.

3. A DNS management remedial tutoring system is built by applying this methodology.

For enhancing the functionality of the iDNS-MS, the implementation of our designed remedial tutoring system will be integrated into the iDNS-MS.

In the principle, we use ontology to represent the experts’ domain knowledge and make use of the domain knowledge to identify students’ encountered problems in

５５

Learning-by-Doing. In addition, the DRAMA/NORM model is utilized to construct the Diagnosis Module of this system. Because of its object-oriented model, we can take the diagnostic results to make relations with the learning concepts of ontology easily. In addition, the OALSC algorithm will make use of the students’ learning portfolios, diagnostic results, and domain ontology to generate adaptive learning sequence.

On the other hand, the Domain Name System (DNS) is an essential part of the Internet infrastructure. However, due to the limitation of one’s own experience and lack of required domain knowledge about DNS, many people do the DNS administration tasks usually encounter problems and have a long time to resolve these problems. Hence, we apply our methodology in DNS management domain and build a remedial tutoring system for helping students solve their encountered DNS problems efficiently in DNS management. In essence, with a few modifications, the same paradigm, system model and developed algorithm could be easily adapted to other domains in Learning-by-Doing teaching and learning methodology.

Future research will focus on the following issues:

(1) First, for enhancing the usability, we will ask DNS domain experts enumerate more DNS error problem concepts and the related learning concepts to make ontology robust. Thus, our system can help users solve more encountered problems.

(2) Second, for enhancing the adaptive learning, we would like to take more information of students’ learning portfolios into consideration and modify some parts of OALSC algorithm to generate adaptive learning sequences.

５６

(3) Third, we hope to design an enhanced mechanism used to actively provide adaptive learning sequences immediately when students are doing wrong about their tasks instead of passively providing adaptive learning sequences.

５７

Reference

[Butz et al. 2006] Brian P. Butz, Senior Member, IEEE, Michael Duarte, and Susan M.Miller, “An Intelligent Tutoring System for Circuit Analysis”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION.

[Caroll et al. 1988] John M. Caroll and Amy P. Aaronson, ”Learning By Doing With Simulated Intelligent Help”, Communications of the ACM, September1988, Volume31, Number9.

[Chen et al. 2002] C. S. Chen, S. S. Tseng, C. L. Liu, “Building a DNS Ontology using METHODOLOGY and Protégé-2000”, Proceedings of ICS 2002, Vol.2, pp.1853-1860, December 18-21, 2002, Taiwan.

[Chen et al. 2003] C. S. Chen, S. S. Tseng, C. L. Liu, “A Unifying Framework for Intelligent DNS Management”, International Journal of Human – Computer Studies, Vol. 58/4, pp.415-445.

[Chen 2003] C.S. Chen, “Design and Implementation of a Unifying Intelligent DNS Management System”, PhD Dissertation, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwain, 2003.

[Chen et al. 2005] R.Y. Chen, S. S. Tseng, C.L. Liu, C. S. Chang and C. S. Chen,

“Learning Sequences Construction Using Ontology and Rules”, International Conference on Computers in Education.

５８

[Fischer 2001] Stephan Fischer, “Course and Exercise Sequencing Using Metadata in Adaptive Hypermedia Learning Systems”, ACM Journal of Educational Resources in Computing, Vol. 1, No 1, Spring 2001, Article #3, 21pages.

[Falkner et al. 2005] Nickolas J. G. Falkner, Paul D., Coddington, Andrew L.

Wendelborn, “Developing an Ontology for the Domain Name System”, Proceedings of the 16^th International Workshop on Database and Expert System Applications 2005 (DEXA’05).

[Godoy 2005] Luis A. Godoy, ”Learning-by-Doing in a Web-Based Simulated Environment”, 2005 IEEE ITHET6th Annual International Conference.

[Hwang 2002] Gwo-Jen Hwang, “A concept map model for developing intelligent tutoring systems”, 2002 Computers & Education 40 (2003)217-235.

[Jerinic 2000] Ljubomir Jerinic and Vladan Devedzic, ”The Friendly Intelligent Tutoring Environment”, SIGCHI Bulletin Volume32, Number1, January 2000.

[Lpez 1999], Fernandez M. Lpez, “Overview of Methodologies for Building Ontologies”, Proceedings of the IJCAI-99 workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods, Stockholm, Sweden, 1999.

[Liu et al. 2004] C. L. Liu, S. S. Tseng, and C. S. Chen, “Design and implementation of an intelligent DNS management system”, Journal of Expert Systems With Applications, Vol.27/2, pp.223-236, 2004.

５９

[Mockapetris 1987-1] P. Mockapetris, “Domain Names – Concepts and Facilities”, RFC 1034, November 1987.

[Mockapetris 1987-2] P. Mockapetris, “Domain Names – Implementation and Specification”, RFC 1035, November 1987.

[Middleton et al. 2004] Stuart E. Middleton, Nigel R. Shadbolt, and David C. De Roure, “Ontological User Profiling in Recommender Systems”, ACM Transactions on Information Systems, Vol. 22, No. 1, January 2004, Pages 54-88.

[Men & Mice] http://www.menandmice.com/index.html

[Nodenot et al. 2004] Thierry Nodenot, Christophe Marquesuzaa, Pierre Laforcade, and Christian Sallaberry, “Model based Engineering of Learning Situations for Adaptive Web Based Educational Systems”,

[Pappas et al. 2004] Vasileios Pappas, Patrik Faltstrom, Daniel Massey, and Lixia Zhang, “Distributed DNS Troubleshooting”, SIGCOMM’04 Workshops, Aug.

[Roussou 2004] Maria Roussou, “Learing by Doing and Learning Through Play: An Exploration of Interactivity in Virtual Environments for Children”, ACM Computers in Entertainment, Volume 2, Number1, January 2004, Article 1.

[Sala 2001] Nicoletta Sala, “The Internet And The Learning by Doing Strategy In The Educational Processes: A Case of Study”, IEEE, 2001.

６０

[SCORM] Sharable Content Object Reference Model, http://www.adlnet.org/scorm/index.cfm

[Tam et al. 1999] E. K. Tam, F. Badra, R. J. Marceau, M. A. Marin, A. S. Malowany,

“A Web-based virtual environment for operator training”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 14, No.3, August 1999.

[Wang et al. 2004] Wei Wang, Jui-Feng Weng, Jun-Ming Su and Shian-Shyong Tseng,

“Learning Portfolio Analysis and Ming in SCORM Compliant Environment”, 34^th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference.

６１