MANAGER 1 WEB PAGE
7. Conclusion and future work
In this paper, we have proposed a new weighted web-mining algorithm, which can
process web-server logs to discover useful sequential browsing patterns with linguistic
supports. The web pages are evaluated by managers as linguistic terms, which are then
transformed and averaged as fuzzy sets of weights. Fuzzy operations including fuzzy ranking
are used to find weighted sequential browsing patterns. Compared to previous mining
approaches, the proposed one has linguistic inputs and outputs, which are more natural and
understandable for human beings.
Although the proposed method works well in weighted web mining from log data, and
can effectively manage linguistic minimum supports, it is just a beginning. There is still much
work to be done in this field. Our method assumes that the membership functions are known
in advance. In [20-21, 23], we proposed some fuzzy learning methods to automatically derive
the membership functions. In the future, we will attempt to dynamically adjust the
membership functions in the proposed web-mining algorithm to avoid the bottleneck of
membership function acquisition.
References
[1] R. Agrawal, R. Srikant: “Mining Sequential Patterns”, The Eleventh International
Conference on Data Engineering, 1995, pp. 3-14.
[2] A. F. Blishun, “Fuzzy learning models in expert systems,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol. 22,
1987, pp. 57-70.
[3] C. H. Cai, W. C. Fu, C. H. Cheng and W. W. Kwong, “Mining association rules with
weighted items,” The International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium,
1998, pp. 68-77.
[4] L. M. de Campos and S. Moral, “Learning rules for a fuzzy inference model,” Fuzzy Sets
and Systems, Vol. 59, 1993, pp. 247-257.
[5] K. C. C. Chan and W. H. Au, “Mining fuzzy association rules,” The 6th ACM
International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, 1997, pp.10-14.
[6] R. L. P. Chang and T. Pavliddis, “Fuzzy decision tree algorithms,” IEEE Transactions on
Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. 7, 1977, pp. 28-35.
[7] M. S. Chen, J. S. Park and P. S. Yu, “Efficient Data Mining for Path Taversal Patterns”
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 10, 1998, pp. 209-221.
[8] M. S. Chen, J. Han and P. S. Yu, “Data mining: an overview from a database perspective,”
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 8, No.6, 1996, pp. 866-883.
[9] Liren Chen and Katia Sycara, “WebMate: A Personal Agent for Browsing and searching,”
The Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, ACM, 1998.
[10] C. Clair, C. Liu and N. Pissinou, “Attribute weighting: a method of applying domain
knowledge in the decision tree process,” The Seventh International Conference on
Information and Knowledge Management, 1998, pp. 259-266.
[11] P. Clark and T. Niblett, “The CN2 induction algorithm,” Machine Learning, Vol. 3, 1989,
pp. 261-283.
[12] Edith Cohen, Balachander Krishnamurthy and Jennifer Rexford, ” Efficient Algorithms
for Predicting Requests to Web Servers,” The Eighteenth IEEE Annual Joint Conference
on Computer and Communications Societies, Vol. 1, 1999, pp. 284 –293.
[13] R. Cooley, B. Mobasher and J. Srivastava, “Grouping Web Page References into
Transactions for Mining World Wide Web Browsing Patterns,” Knowledge and Data
Engineering Exchange Workshop, 1997, pp. 2 –9.
[14] R. Cooley, B. Mobasher and J. Srivastava, “Web Mining: Information and Pattern
Discovery on the World Wide Web,” Ninth IEEE International Conference on Tools with
Artificial Intelligence, 1997, pp. 558 -567
[15] M. Delgado and A. Gonzalez, “An inductive learning procedure to identify fuzzy
systems,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol. 55, 1993, pp. 121-132.
[16] A. Famili, W. M. Shen, R. Weber and E. Simoudis, "Data preprocessing and intelligent
data analysis," Intelligent Data Analysis, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1997.
[17] W. J. Frawley, G. Piatetsky-Shapiro and C. J. Matheus, “Knowledge discovery in
databases: an overview,” The AAAI Workshop on Knowledge Discovery in Databases,
1991, pp. 1-27.
[18] A.Gonzalez, “A learning methodology in uncertain and imprecise environments,”
International Journal of Intelligent Systems, Vol. 10, 1995, pp. 57-371.
[19] I. Graham and P. L. Jones, Expert Systems – Knowledge, Uncertainty and Decision,
Chapman and Computing, Boston, 1988, pp.117-158.
[20] T. P. Hong and J. B. Chen, "Finding relevant attributes and membership functions," Fuzzy
Sets and Systems, Vol.103, No. 3, 1999, pp. 389-404.
[21] T. P. Hong and J. B. Chen, "Processing individual fuzzy attributes for fuzzy rule
induction," Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol. 112, No. 1, 2000, pp.127-140.
[22] T. P. Hong, M. J. Chiang and S. L. Wang, ”Mining from quantitative data with linguistic
minimum supports and confidences”, The 2002 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy
Systems, Honolulu, Hawaii, 2002, pp.494-499.
[23] T. P. Hong and C. Y. Lee, "Induction of fuzzy rules and membership functions from
training examples," Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol. 84, 1996, pp. 33-47.
[24] T. P. Hong and S. S. Tseng, “A generalized version space learning algorithm for noisy
and uncertain data,” IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 9,
No. 2, 1997, pp. 336-340.
[25] T. P. Hong, C. S. Kuo and S. C. Chi, "Mining association rules from quantitative data",
Intelligent Data Analysis, Vol. 3, No. 5, 1999, pp. 363-376.
[26] A. Kandel, Fuzzy Expert Systems, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1992, pp. 8-19.
[27] C. M. Kuok, A. W. C. Fu and M. H. Wong, "Mining fuzzy association rules in
databases," The ACM SIGMOD Record, Vol. 27, No. 1, 1998, pp. 41-46.
[28] E. H. Mamdani, “Applications of fuzzy algorithms for control of simple dynamic plants,
“ IEEE Proceedings, 1974, pp. 1585-1588.
[29] H. Mannila, “Methods and problems in data mining,” The International Conference on
Database Theory, 1997, pp.41-55.
[30] J. R. Quinlan, “Decision tree as probabilistic classifier,” The Fourth International
Machine Learning Workshop, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1987, pp. 31-37.
[31] J. R. Quinlan, C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo,
CA, 1993.
[32] J. Rives, “FID3: fuzzy induction decision tree,” The First International symposium on
Uncertainty, Modeling and Analysis, 1990, pp. 457-462.
[33] C. H. Wang, T. P. Hong and S. S. Tseng, “Inductive learning from fuzzy examples,” The
fifth IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, New Orleans, 1996, pp. 13-18.
[34] C. H. Wang, J. F. Liu, T. P. Hong and S. S. Tseng, “A fuzzy inductive learning strategy
for modular rules,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol.103, No. 1, 1999, pp. 91-105.
[35] R.Weber, “Fuzzy-ID3: a class of methods for automatic knowledge acquisition,” The
Second International Conference on Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks, Iizuka, Japan,
1992, pp. 265-268.
[36] Y. Yuan and M. J. Shaw, “Induction of fuzzy decision trees,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 69,
1995, pp. 125-139.
[37] S. Yue, E. Tsang, D. Yeung and D. Shi, “Mining fuzzy association rules with weighted
items,” The IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2000, pp.
1906-1911.
[38] L. A. Zadeh, “Fuzzy logic,” IEEE Computer, 1988, pp. 83-93.
[39] L. A. Zadeh, “Fuzzy sets,” Information and Control, Vol. 8, No. 3, 1965, pp. 338-353.