CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS - The Relationship between Acculturation and Psychological Well-bei

The research purposes of this study was to investigate the relationship among the variables Acculturation, Psychological well-being, and Acculturative stress of Indian women in Taiwan.

Day by day, immigrants from worldwide are increasing rapidly. It includes men, Women, students, employees, married or single. But according to the researchers, women expatriating to the other countries is bit different than men expatriating. In other words, the social interaction and social support are important for both male and female expatriates (Napier & Taylor, 1995; Taylor

& Napier, 1996). But, recent research has found that the influence of social interactions and social support may be especially critical for the adjustment of female expatriates than men (Caligiuri &

Lazarova, 2002). This study tried to broaden the scope, to address the issues for all categories of women like students, house wives etc., who should face insight experiences when residing in the host countries by examining their lifestyle. Thus, this study was mainly focused on how the women immigrants reconcile their conflicts against acculturative stress which leads a path to build an acculturating ability for their psychological wellbeing.

Survey data from 163 Indian women were subjected to path analyses. The quantitative study was commenced by designing the questionnaire in order to cover certain aspects like safety, loneliness, stress, racial discriminations, psychological adjustments, well-being etc. Results obtained for the hypotheses of this study revealed that, Acculturation (Ac) and Psychological well-being (PWB) were positive and significantly correlated towards each other. And there is a significant correlation between acculturative stress (AS) and Acculturation (Ac). When considering Acculturative Stress as the moderator towards Ac and PWB, the result found that there was no significant negative moderating effect of stress. The study findings could be used as references for Taiwan government agencies to address and find better resolutions to the international women residing in Taiwan. On the other hand, for international women, it provides a better awareness and confidence to adopt any kind of circumstances.

Acculturation is positively correlated to the psychological well-being

Among all the designed research questions, the research question one was to find out the relationship between Acculturation and Psychological well-being of Indian women in Taiwan and this research question was tested, hypothesized, and the result found as follows.

Acculturation (AC) and Psychological well-being (PWB) were positive and significantly correlated towards each other. This found result was corresponding with the finding in the study by, Schwartz et al (2013), designed a study to ascertain the associations between acculturation and wellbeing in first and second generations of immigrant American college students. This study was guided by certain research questions which provide a clear picture of the relation between acculturation and wellbeing aspects. These research questions include the aspects of whether the acculturation related variables associated with wellbeing were consistent with the domains of acculturation practices, values, identifications, cross gender, ethnicity, immigrant generation, and equivalence between college towns and urban/suburban or commuter settings.

The literature pertaining to the above mentioned research questions revealed the availability of the advanced hypothesis that there is a positive association with ethnic identity with self-esteem (syed & Azmitia2009; Umana-Taylor & Shin, 2007) and psychological well-being (Kenyon &

Carter, 2011).

Acculturation is negatively correlated to the Acculturative stress

The second research question was to find out the relationship between acculturation and acculturative stress of Indian women in Taiwan. This research question was tested, hypothesized, and the result found as follows.

There was a significant negative correlation between the Acculturation and Acculturative stress. This found result was corresponding with the finding in the study by, Berry et al.,1987, Acculturative stress is characterized by negative behavioral and emotional reactions attributable to the process and experience of adjusting to a new cultural milieu. Also, Berry (2006) observed that to respond to acculturative stress, a wide range of coping methods were being used by individuals from adaptive to non-adaptive strategies, and these coping variability can lead to varying levels of acculturative stress experienced by migrants.

Acculturative Stress has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between Acculturation and Psychological well-being.

The final research question was to find out the moderating effect on the relationship between Acculturation and Psychological well-being of Indian women in Taiwan and this research question was tested, hypothesized, and the result found as follows.

There was no significant negative moderating effect on the relationship between Acculturation and Psychological well-being. This finding was controverted the finding in the study by, Revallo et al (2010), it was made a clear study and examined the relationship between the acculturative stress, acculturation, and psychosocial well-being by examining the hospitalized immigrant patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years. In their study, they carried out the evaluation of some relative terms like Acculturative stress, acculturation, social adaptation, anxiety and depression, as well as socio demographic and attitudinal items for each of their sample. The study found a negative relationship between acculturative stress and psychosocial well-being, as well as between the marginalization acculturation strategy and psychosocial well-being.

Implications

The result from this study provide important information to the Indian women in Taiwan and to the Taiwan government. They can use this analysis findings as an instrument to understand the real situations of the Indian women living in Taiwan. This information is help as an instruction to improve the living conditions of the Indian women in Taiwan.

Implications for Indian Women

Acculturation has a significant correlation with Psychological well-being of the Indian women in Taiwan. Therefore, Indian women should well adopt the all cultural issues like language, food habits, environmental changes, etc. of Taiwan to improve their well-being in Taiwan.

Acculturative Stress has a significant negative influence on the Acculturation of the Indian women in Taiwan. Therefore, Indian women should well adopt the all cultural issues like language, food habits, environmental changes, etc. of Taiwan to maintain the low Acculturative stress, which will also help to improve the psychological well-being of Indian women in Taiwan.

Implications for Taiwan Government

Taiwan government should take the responsibility to make aware of the Taiwan cultures and customs to the Indian women, by increasing the prominence on international cultural activity programs, culture exchange activities and so on. which will help to get well aware of the host country cultural differences as well as, to improve the adaptation levels of those cultural issues to get a better knowledge of Taiwan which will helps to maintain low acculturative stress and better psychological well-being of Indian women living in host country Taiwan.

Research Limitations

Although this study made us aware of much practical information, still while analyzing the data

it was

realized that some limitations were also existed. Among them, the first and foremost limitation was the method which had been executed for the collection of the data. The survey was conducted online and the women who can able to access to the Internet were only included in this study. Hence, the sample collected was said to be suffered from a selection bias.

The second limitation was the sample of the study was restricted to female Indian immigrants only by taking limited number of samples (163) which included all categorical women like working women and female students etc. Most of them are married and mothers, who have more family responsibilities like child care, child education, family expenses etc., which may have the impact on the chosen variables Acculturation, Psychological well-being and acculturative stress. However, from this woman related study, the researcher excluded the other foreigner immigrant women because of the researcher’s own interest.

Finally, basing on the literature review of the past 10 years, not too many research works have done on this field using Acculturation, Psychological well-being and acculturative stress, which can also be considered as a possible limitation of this research.

Suggestions for Future Research

Based on the results of this study, following suggestion were derived. The suggestions from this study will be useful for better adjustments and adaptations of the new culture to Indian women immigrants to Taiwan. This suggestion will helpful for the Indians including men and women as well Taiwanese government for the better understanding of the situations.

From the study it was observed that 163 females (100%) were participated in this survey.

Of the respondents, 66.7% women were married and most of them have children, which causes more family responsibilities, stress and burden comparatively. So this result effects the theme of the study in overall perspective. If the other categorical women samples were also considered by increasing the sample size including Indian men, then the pattern of the result may change by getting more precise result.

Secondly, In the existing literature, there are many studies were focused on Indian immigrants in different host countries like Canada, U.S., Singapore etc. with different issues. But, the studies that discussed about the Indian immigrants from their home country India to the host country Taiwan were dealt with very few issues. So, more research works are necessary to identify ways to study and develop the better understanding of the Indian women immigration to Taiwan and better living conditions to all categorical Indian women in Taiwan. Moreover, unlike the present research which involved all categorical women, the research can also think more narrow way to get more precise information by performing categorized research, like considering only working Indian women or only Indian female students or only Indian Housewives residing in Taiwan which may pave the way to address more issues as well.

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