Table A.3.4 Forecast and actual change of policy cycle turning point (full range)
days prior to FOMCmeeting
n
11n
21n
12n
221d 106 15 13 46
2d 108 13 16 43
3d 109 12 17 42
4d 103 18 19 40
1w 104 17 22 37
2w 99 22 21 38
3w 94 27 21 38
4w 94 27 22 37
5w 90 31 18 41
6w 85 36 21 38
2m 60 61 16 43
3m 49 69 15 44
4m 37 81 17 41
Table A.3.5 Forecast and actual change of policy cycle turning point (pre 1994/2)
days prior to FOMCmeeting
n
11n
21n
12n
221d 20 11 9 18
2d 22 9 10 17
3d 21 10 10 17
4d 19 12 11 16
1w 21 10 12 15
2w 17 14 11 16
3w 15 16 12 15
4w 13 18 11 16
5w 14 17 7 20
6w 14 17 8 19
2m 6 25 6 21
3m 9 19 5 22
4m 5 23 7 19
Table A.3.6 Forecast and actual change of policy cycle turning point (after 1994/2)
days prior to FOMCmeeting
n
11n
21n
12n
221d 86 4 4 28
2d 86 4 6 26
3d 88 2 7 25
4d 84 6 8 24
1w 83 7 10 22
2w 82 8 10 22
3w 79 11 9 23
4w 81 9 11 21
5w 76 14 11 21
6w 71 19 13 19
2m 54 36 10 22
3m 40 50 10 22
4m 32 58 10 22
References
A’Hearn, B. and U. Woitek (2001), “More International Evidence on the Historical Properties of Business Cycles”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 47, 321-326.
Abramovitz, M. (1968), “The Passing of the Kuznets Cycle”, Economica, 35, 349-367.
Adams, F. G. and V. G. Duggals (1974), “Anticipations Variables in an Econometric Model: Performance of the Anticipations Version of the Wharton Mark III”,
International Economic Review, 47, 367-378.
Adams, F. G. and L. R. Klein (1972), “Anticipations Variables in Macro-Economic Models”, in Strumpel, B. et al. (eds), Human Behavior in Economic Affairs, New York: Elsevier.
Agresti, Alan (2002), Categorical Data Analysis, New York : Wiley.
Ayres, L. P. (1939), Turning Points in Business Cycles, New York: Macmillan.
Baxter, M. and R. G. King (1999), “Measuring Business Cycles: Approximate
Band-Pass Filters For Economic Time Series”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 81-4, 575-593.
Becker, G. (1988), “Family Economics and Macro Behavior”, American Economic
Review, 78-1, 1-13.
Berry, B. J. L. (1991), Long-wave Rhythms in Economic Development and Political
Behavior, Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
Bird, R.C., Desai, M.J., Enzler, J.J. and P. J. Taubman (1965), “‘Kuznets Cycles’ in
Bowley, A. L. (1907), Elements of Statistics. London : P. S. King.
Bowley, A. L. (1911), “The Measurement of the Accuracy of an Average”, Journal of
the Royal Statistical Society, 75, 77-88.
Bowley, A. L. (1919), “The Measurement of Changes in the Cost of Living”, Journal of
the Royal Statistical Society, 82, 343-372.
Bowley, A. L. (1926), “The Influence on the Precision of Index-Numbers of Correlation between the Prices of Commodities”, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 89, 300-319.
Bowley, A. L. (1928), “Notes on Index Numbers”, The Economic Journal, 38, 216-237.
Brocato, J. and S. Steed (1998), “Optimal Asset Allocation over the Business Cycle”,
The Financial Review, 33, 129-148.
Burns, A. F. and W. C. Mitchell (1946), Measuring Business Cycles, New York:
National Bureau of Economic Research.
Canova. (1996), “Three Tests for the Existence of Cycles in Time Series”, Ricerche
Economiche, 50, 135-162.
Carlson, J. B. and J. M. McIntire (1995), “Monetary Policy and the Federal Funds Futures Market”, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Economic Commentary, July.
Chang, E. C.. and J. W. Cheng (2000), “Further Evidence on the Variability of Inflation and Relative Price Variability”, Economics Letters, 66-1, 71-77.
Charlton, W. T. and J. H. Earl (2006), “The State of Technical Analysis in Practice and in College Curriculums: A Survey of Technical Analysts”, Journal of Technical
Analysis, Summer.
Christiano, L. J. and T. J. Fitzgerald (2003), “The Band Pass Filter”, International
Economic Review, 44-2, 435-465.
Clarida, R. H. and G. J. Gertler (1998), “Monetary Policy Rules in Practice: Some International Evidence”, European Economic Review, 42, 1033-1067.
Clarida, R.H. and G. J, Gertler (2000), “Monetary Policy Rules and Macroeconomic Stability: Evidence and Some Theory”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115, 147-180.
Clarida, R. H., Taylor, S. L. and M. P. Valente (2006), “The Role of Asymmetries and Regime Shifts in the Term Structure of Interest Rates”, Journal of Business, 79-3, 1193-1224.
Clements, K. W. and H. Y. Izan (1987), “The Measurement of Inflation: A Stochastic Approach”, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 5-3, 339-350.
Crompton, P. (2000), “Extending the Stochastic Approach to Index Numbers”, Applied
Economics Letters, 7, 367-371.
Debelle, G. and O. Lamont (1997), “Relative Price Variability and Inflation: Evidence from US Cities”, Journal of Political Economy, 105-1, 132-152.
Duijn, Jacob J. van. (1983), The Long Wave in Economic Life, Boston : Allen & Unwin.
Edgeworth, F. Y. (1888), “Some New Methods of Measuring Variation in General Prices”, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 51, 346-368.
with an Example Using the Term Structure of Interest Rates”, Journal of Business
and Economic Statistics, 16, 304-311.
Easterlin, R. (1987), Birth and Fortune: the Impact of Numbers on Personal Welfare, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Fielding, D. and P. Mizen (2000), “Relative Price Variability and Inflation in Europe”,
Economica, 67-265, 57-78.
Fisher, I. (1927), The Making of Index Number, Boston: Houghton Muffin.
Frisch, R. (1933), “Propagation Problems and Impulse Problems in Dynamic
Economics”, In Economic Essays in Honor of Gustav Cassel, London: George Allen
& Unwin.
Kondratieff, N.D. (1926), “Die langen Wellen der Kunjunktor”, Archiv fur
Sozalwissenschaft and Sozialpolitik, 56, 573-609.
Fuller, W. (1976), Introduction to Statistical Time Series, New York: Wiley.
Gorton, G. and K. G. Rouwenhorst (2006), “Facts and Fantasies about Commodity Futures”, Financial Analysis Journal, 62-2, 47-68.
Granger, C. W. J and O. Morgenstern (2001), Essays in Econometrics: Spectral
Analysis, Seasonality, Nonlinearity, Methodology, and Forecasting, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Granger, C. W. J. (1966), “The Typical Spectral Shape of an Economic Variable”,
Econometrica, 34-1, 150-161.
Granger, C. W. J. and M. Hatanaka (1964), Spectral Analysis of Economic Time Series,
New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Granger, C.W. J. (1969), “Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods”, Econometrica, 37-3, 424-438.
Hansen, B. E. and B. Seo (2002), “Testing for Two-regime Threshold Cointegration in Vector Error-correction Models”, Journal of Econometrics, 110, 293-318.
Harvey, A.C. (1985), “Trends and Cycles in Macroeconomic Time Series”, Journal of
Business and Economic Statistics, 3-3, 216–227.
Harvey, A.C. (1989), Forecasting, Structural Time Series Models and the Kalman
Filter, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Henriksson, R. D. and R. C. Merton (1981), “On Market Timing and Investment Performance. II. Statistical Procedures for Evaluating Forecasting Skills”, Journal of
Business, 54-4, 513-533.
Hillinger, C. (1992), “Paradigm Change and Scientific Method in the Study of Economic Fluctuations”, In: Hillinger, C. (Ed.): Cyclical Growth in Market and
Planned Economies, London: Oxford University Press.
Hodrick, R. and E. Prescott (1997), “Post-War Business Cycles: An Empirical Investigation”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 29-1, 1-16.
Jevons, W.S. (1863), A Serious Fall in the Value of Gold Ascertained and Its Social
Effects Set Forth, London: E. Stanford.
Jevons, W.S. (1865), “On the Variation of Prices and the Value of the Currency since 1782”, Journal of the Statistical Society of London, 28, 294-320.
Jevons, W.S. (1869), “The Depreciation of Gold”, Journal of the Statistical Society of
London, 32, 445-449.
Juglar, C.(1862), Des Crisis Commerciales et leur Retour Periodique en France, en
Angleterre et aux WEtats Unis, France: Librarie GUullaumin et cie.
Kehoe, T. J. and E. C. Prescott (2002), “Great Depressions of the 20th Century”,
Review of Economic Dynamics, 5, 1–18.
Keynes, J. M. (1930), A Treatise of Money, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co.
Kitchin, J. (1923), “Cycles and Trends in Economic Factors”, Review of Economic
Statistics, 5, 10-16.
Klotz, B. P. and L. Neal (1973), “Spectral and Cross-spectral Analysis of the Long-swing Hypothesis”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 55, 291-298.
Kondratieff, N. D. (1926), “Die langen Wellen der Kunjunktor”, Archiv fur
Sozalwissenschaft and Sozialpolitik, 56, 573-609.
Krueger, J. T. and K. N. Kuttner (1996), “The Fed Funds Futures Rate as a Predictor of Federal Reserve Policy”, Journal of Futures Markets, 16-8, 865-879.
Kuznets, S. (1930), Secular Movements in Production and Prices, Wilmington:
Houghton Mifflin.
Lange, J., Sack, B. and W. Whitesell (2003), “Anticipations of Monetary Policy in Financial Markets”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 35, 889-910.
Liang, K.Y. and S.X. Chen (2000), “An Analysis of Taiwan's CPI: A Stochastic
Approach”, Taiwan Economic Forecast and Policy (Academia Sinica), 31:1, 77-110
(in Chinese).
Maddison, A. (1991), “Business Cycles, Long Waves and Phases of Capitalist Development”, available at
http://www.ggdc.net/Maddison/ARTICLES/Business_Cycles.pdf.
Maddison, A. (2009), The World Economy
- A Millennial Perspective, Paris:
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
McIntosh, C. S. and J. H. Dorfman (1992), “Qualitative Forecast Evaluation: A Comparison of Two Performance Measures”, Journal of American Agricultural
Economics, 74, 209-214.
Mills, F. C. (1927), The Behavior of Prices, New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Moore, G. (1975), “Stock Prices and the Business Cycle”, Journal of Portfolio
Management, 1, 59-64.
Moore, G. (1983), Business Cycles, Inflation, and Forecasting, New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Moore, G. (1990), Leading Indicators for the 1990s, Chicago: Irwin Professional Pub.
Munchau, W. (2007), “The Problem with Inflation indices”, Financial Times, May, 14.
Murphy, J. (2004), Intermarket Analysis, New York: Wiley.
Nosal, E. (2001), “How Well Does the Federal Funds Futures Rate Predict the Future Federal Funds Rate?”, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Economic Commentary,
Oppenlander, K. H. (1997), Business Cycle Indicators, England: Ashgate Publishing.
Owens, R. and R. Webb (2001), “Using the Federal Funds Futures Market to Predict Monetary Policy Actions”, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Economic Quarterly, 87-2, 69-77.
Parsley, D. C. (1996), “Inflation and Relative Price Variability in the Short and Long Run: New evidence from the United States”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 28-3, 323-341.
Pesaran, M. H. and A. G. Timmermann (1994), “A Generalization of the
Non-Parametric Henriksson-Merton Test of Market Timing”, Economics Letters, 44, 1-7.
Pesaran, M. H. and A. G. Timmermann (1992), “A Simple Non-Parametric Test of Predictive Performance”, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 10, 461-465.
Poole, W. and R. H. Rasche (2000), “Perfecting the Market’s Knowledge of Monetary Policy”, Journal of Financial Services Research, 18-2, 255-298.
Poole, W. and R. H. Rasche (2003), “The Impact of Changes in FOMC Disclosure Practices on the Transparency of Monetary Policy: Are Markets and the FOMC Better “Synched”?”, Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review, 2003-1, 1-10.
Priestley, M. (1981), Spectral Analysis and Time Series, New York: Academic Press.
Pring, M. J. (1992), The All-season Investor: Successful Strategies for Every Stage in
the Business Cycle, New York : Wiley.
Pring, M. J. (2002), Technical Analysis Explained, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Reinsdorf, M. (1994), “New Evidence on the Relation between Inflation and Price Dispersion”, American Economic Review, 84-3, 720-31.
Reiter, M. and Woitek U. (1999), “Are there Classical Business Cycles?”, University of Glasgow, Discussion Papers in Economics No. 9905. Review, 2-1, 17-33.
Robertson, J. C. and D. L. Thornton (1997), “Using Federal Funds Futures Rates to Predict Federal Reserve Actions”, Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis Review, 79-6, 45-53.
S¨oderstr¨om, U. (2001), “Predicting Monetary Policy with Federal Funds Futures Prices”, Journal of Futures Markets, 21-4, 377–391.
Sack, B. (2004), “Extracting the Expected Path of Monetary Policy from Futures Rates”,
Journal of Futures Markets, 24-8, 733-754.
Sargent, T. J. (1987), Macroeconomic Theory, Boston: Academic Press.
Sarno, L. and D. L. Thornton (2003), “The Dynamic Relationship between the Federal Funds Rate and the Treasury Bill Rate: An Empirical Investigation”, Journal of
Banking and Finance, 27, 1079-1107.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1939), Business Cycles, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Seigel, J. (1991), “Does It Pay Stock Investors to Forecast the Business Cycles?”
Journal of Portfolio Management, 18, 27-31.
Selvanathan, E. A. and D. S. Prasada Rao (1994), Index Numbers : A Stochastic
Approach, Hampshire : Macmillan.
Economies”, Economic and Political Weekly, 27-23, 1189-1190.
Shinohara, M. (1996), “Cyclical Dynamics of the 50 Years of Postwar Japan-Interplay among Different Cycles”, Japanese Economic Review, 47-1, 62-78.
Solomou, S. N. (1998), Economic Cycles, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Soper, J. C. (1975), “Myth and Reality in Economic Time Series: the Long Swing Revisited”, Southern Economic Journal, 45, 570-579.
Stock, J. and M. Watson (1999), “Business Cycles Fluctuations in US Macroeconomic Time Series”, Handbook of Macroeconomics, Elsevier.
Swanson, E. T. (2006), “Have Increases in Federal Reserve Transparency Improved Private Sector Interest Rate Forecasts?” Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 38-3, 791-818.
Taylor, J. B. (1993), “Discretion versus Policy Rules in Practice”, Carnegie-Rochester
Conf Ser Public Pol, 39, 195-214.
Turhan-Sayan, G. and S. Sayan (2002), “Use of Time-Frequency Representations in the Analysis of Stock Market Data”, in: E. Kontoghiorghes, B. Rustem and S. Siokos (eds.): Computational Methods in Decision-making, Economics and Finance, Kluwer Applied Optimization Series.
Vining, Daniel R., Jr. and Thomas C. Elwertowski (1976), “The Relationship between Relative Prices and the General Price Level”, American Economic Review, 66-4, 699-708.
Warner, R. (1998), Spectral Analysis of Time-series Data, New York: Guilford Press.
White, Halbert. (1980), “A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity”, Econometrica, 48-4, 817-838.
Wilson, P. and Zurbruegg, R. (2003), “Trends and Spectral Response: an Examination of the US Realty Market”, Discussion Papers in Economics No. 0315 University of
Adelaide, Australia.
Zarnowitz, V. (1992), “Has Macro-Forecasting Failed?”, Cato Journal, 12-1, 129-161.