1. Introduction
5.5 Control the Inflow of Mainland Chinese Workers
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universities. Most of these outstanding foreign students may go back to their native country or to another country for career development. The government should follow the examples of Singapore and Hong Kong to launch some schemes to attract foreign students to stay in Taiwan after their graduation, including facilitating their application for residence or visa renewal54, decreasing the requirements on the limit of minimum wage and previous working experience.
5.4 Promote Multiculturalism for Better Social Integration
In Taiwan, there is still a significant lack of understanding toward different cultures, appreciation and recognition of differences. In Taiwan, the official narrative of immigration was called upon to nurture a sense of ―we‖ amongst its citizens, but did not extend to include current immigrants. A multicultural society is one that ―includes two or more cultural communities‖, which is a description of empirical reality. The key is how to treat minority in relation to majority. When they suffer stigmatization and other forms of discrimination, and are under great pressure to be assimilated, it is difficult to argue that the national identity-driven multiculturalism conforms to the normative definition (Cheng, 2008). Thus the government should put more emphasis on promoting multiculturalism to encourage the evolution of ethnic and national identity of immigrants.
5.5 Control the Inflow of Mainland Chinese Workers
The government's recent policies are to liberalize the inflow of white-collar workers from mainland China. According to Duh Tyzz-jiun, vice Minister of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, stricter limitations will apply to mainland Chinese who wish to stay longer while looser restrictions will apply for short-term stays. To avoid creating a loophole
54 According to the Immigration Act, foreign students must secure a job in advance and apply for renewing their visa with a work permit to continue to reside in Taiwan.
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for blue-collar mainland Chinese workers to apply for various jobs in Taiwan, the government should oversee companies that wish to apply to employ mainland Chinese workers to make sure that the companies are truly in need of that many white-collar workers.
On the other hand, the government should put more emphasis on the protection of national security, and reinforce the intelligence mechanism to inspect if people from mainland China are involved with espionage activity or other illegal activity. Even though the cross-strait relations have been improving and the mutual exchanges are more intensive since 2008, China has still been a source of insecurity for Taiwan, especially in terms of the political factor. The consequent rising population of mainland Chinese visitors, marriage immigrants and economic immigrants will inevitably lead to higher security risks to Taiwan‘s national security. In addition, mainland Chinese spying on Taiwan has intensified even as relations between Beijing and Taipei have improved. Taiwan also continues to face cyber attacks from mainland China. Thus the government should have higher priority in protecting national security than pursuing the economic benefits from the cross-strait exchanges.
Many studies show that most countries have facilitated the entry of highly skilled foreign labor to achieve socioeconomic interests while increasingly constrain the movement of low-skilled migrants. Obviously, countries will continue this strategy whether they are in good or bad economic times. This strategy applies to Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan as well. However, due to nativist sentiment and hostility toward immigrants (especially toward mainland Chinese) among the public, which calls for restrictions on the inflows of foreign labor force, the governments of Singapore, Hong Kong start to launch some schemes to control strictly on the inflows of the highly skilled and low-skilled foreign workers:
Singapore has raised the levies to unskilled and low-skilled foreign worker progressively and has increased the standards of the minimum wage to these highly skilled foreign workers;
Hong Kong is creating more favorable conditions or schemes for attracting high quality migrants while it has long adopted some measures to tighten the entry of mainland Chinese
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due to its special relations with mainland China. Thus mainland professionals also experienced more restrictive entry requirements than their foreign counterparts.
In terms of Taiwan‘s immigration policy, currently it still has many restrictions on recruiting foreign labor and has strictly controlled the inflows of mainland Chinese to Taiwan due to the special cross-strait relation. With the problems of brain drain, the government is now making certain reforms in the immigration system to attract more foreign professionals and entrepreneurs to work and invest in Taiwan. On the other hand, with the inauguration of KMT government in 2008, the government now is actively lifting restrictions to allow more mainland Chinese people to enter Taiwan, including the importation of labor force. Moreover, Taiwan has signed a Service Trade Agreement with mainland China on 21 June 2013, expecting further strengthen economic ties across the Taiwan Strait. Under the service trade deal, the threshold for market access will be lowered for service providers from both sides and more favorable policies will be formulated to boost cross-Strait cooperation in the service industry. The service sectors include those related to commerce, telecommunications, construction, distribution, environment, health, tourism, entertainment, culture, sports, transportation and finance. Part of the public debate over and concern about the signing of the agreement is whether more workers from mainland China will come to work in Taiwan, competing job opportunities with the local people, as the consequence of the signing. The consequent rising population of mainland Chinese visitors and residents in Taiwan will inevitably lead to higher security risks to Taiwan‘s national security even though the cross-strait relations have improved. Thus the government should cautiously moderate the immigration policies on the influxes of foreigners and mainland Chinese people, looking for the balance between pursuing the economic benefits and protecting the national interests.
Last but not least, with gradually lifting restrictions on the entry of mainland Chinese people in Taiwan, it is predictable that the Taiwanese society will encounter consequent
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problems of importing mainland Chinese workers such as squeezing the local labor market, increasing the unemployment rate of natives, endangering the national security, etc. On the other hand, the government is still drafting the official immigration policies, and reviewing and loosening related immigration rules to introduce more foreign labor to Taiwan. Thus the researcher would like to make more efforts to study further and deeply on the development of Taiwanese government‘s policy-making and the impacts on importing foreign labor force in the future, especially on newcomers from mainland China. In addition, the researcher hopes to find more volunteer interviewees and break through their defensive minds to become willing to tell the truth on their personal opinions and the concepts of framing the immigration policies.
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