106. Le mécanisme de l’EPU est un processus unique qui examine à intervalles réguliers la situation des droits de l’homme dans tous les États Membres de l’ONU et offre à ces derniers une possibilité d’améliorer la situation par l’adoption des mesures demandées.
Cependant, étant donné le très grand nombre de recommandations formulées par les États Membres, il est difficile pour l’État examiné d’y donner suite et de les mettre en œuvre, étape la plus importante du processus de l’EPU.
107. En outre, les tentatives de politisation du dispositif de la part de certains pays peuvent détourner ce mécanisme de ses objectifs premiers. La politisation de la nature des recommandations formulées par certains pays empêche de garantir l’intégralité et l’intégrité des droits de l’homme.
108. Les mesures coercitives unilatérales illégales de grande ampleur et les sanctions secondaires imposées à l’Iran, malgré la résolution 2231 (2015) du Conseil de sécurité et la coopération constructive de l’Iran avec la communauté internationale ont été l’un des obstacles les plus importants à la mise en œuvre des recommandations.
109. Dans son ordonnance du 3 octobre 2018, la Cour internationale de Justice a fait observer qu’il était devenu impossible pour les sociétés et ressortissants iraniens d’effectuer des transactions financières internationales aux fins d’acquérir certains produits tels que des denrées alimentaires et des fournitures ou équipements médicaux. Les restrictions aux importations et aux achats de biens nécessaires à des fins humanitaires, tels que les denrées alimentaires et les médicaments, y compris les médicaments vitaux, les traitements à long terme ou préventifs et les équipements médicaux, ont eu des effets dévastateurs sur la santé des personnes en Iran, et ont gravement porté atteinte à leurs droits. À cet égard, il est hautement souhaitable que la communauté internationale prenne des mesures fondamentales contre ces sanctions, qui sont contraires aux dispositions de la Charte des Nations Unies et des instruments fondamentaux relatifs aux droits de l’homme, violent les droits fondamentaux des peuples et mettent en péril la paix et la sécurité.
110. Les mesures coercitives unilatérales, outre leurs effets négatifs sur la coopération internationale en matière de lutte contre la corruption et le fait qu’elles font obstacle à l’application des résolutions pertinentes du Conseil des droits de l’homme, en particulier la résolution 34/11 relative à la pleine mise en œuvre de la Convention des Nations Unies contre la corruption et à la promotion de la coopération internationale pour faciliter la
restitution du produit d’infractions, empêchent d’apporter un soutien effectif aux victimes et entravent la réalisation de leur droit à la justice dans les cas de criminalité transnationale.
Étant donné la complémentarité de certains cadres juridiques internationaux relatifs aux droits de l’homme et de certaines mesures de lutte contre la corruption, les mesures unilatérales ont eu un retentissement préjudiciable sur l’exercice de ces droits.
111. Les mesures coercitives unilatérales ont entravé la coopération internationale dans le domaine de la lutte contre la traite des êtres humains, en tant que crime transnational, en faisant notamment obstacle aux possibilités de protéger les victimes, en particulier les personnes de nationalité iranienne victimes de la traite, et dans certains cas, ces mesures ont concrètement empêché d’apporter une réponse régionale collective et appropriée au problème de la traite, en particulier sous ses formes organisées.
112. La République islamique d’Iran, l’un des pays les plus touchés par le terrorisme, qui est aussi l’un des plus engagés dans la lutte contre ce phénomène, considère que le terrorisme et l’extrémisme ont entraîné des violations flagrantes des droits de l’homme et qu’ils ont également mis en péril le développement politique, social et économique des nations. Le République islamique d’Iran est d’avis que la double approche adoptée à l’égard des pays sur la question du terrorisme, non seulement n’est pas constructive, mais a également pour effet de détourner les efforts faits dans le cadre de la lutte contre le terrorisme à l’échelle internationale et, en fin de compte, renforce et accroît le terrorisme.
113. Le République islamique d’Iran voit dans la résolution sur la situation des droits de l’homme en Iran et la désignation du Rapporteur spécial un processus politique, sélectif et injuste fondé sur le principe de deux poids, deux mesures, malheureusement mis en œuvre par certains pays occidentaux en vue d’atteindre des objectifs politiques. Une telle démarche ciblée est non seulement contraire aux principes et normes fondamentaux des droits de l’homme, mais aussi compromet, dans la pratique, la promotion et la protection des droits de l’homme.
Notes
1 A/HRC/RES/5/1, A/HRC/RES/16/21, A/HRC/DEC/17/119.
2 Recommendations: 138.25, 138.26, 138.28, 138.29, 138.30, 138.31, 138.32, 138.33, 138.34, 138.35, 138.36, 138.37, 138.38, 138.39, 138.40, 138.41, 138.42, 138.43, 138.44, 138.289, 138.6. 138.7, 138.8, 138.89, 138.90.
3 Through the establishment of a system for handling complaints and reports, from the beginning of 2015 to the end of the first nine months of 2018, a total of 200,232 complaints and reports have been received and handled, and on their settlement (fixing the problem of the plaintiff, lack of
maladministration, or investigation and notification of proposals), the case files were terminated. The cases have been closed.
4 Recommendations: 138.26, 138.51, 138.55, 138.56, 138.65, 138.67, 138.68, 138.77, 138.79, 138.80, 138.82, 138.83, 138.85, 138.86, 138.54, 138.69, 138.72, 138.73, 138.74, 138.75, 138.76, 138.78, 138.81, 138.84, 138.214.
5 Recommendation: 138.290.
6 Recommendations: 138.49, 138.60, 138.61, 138.62, 138.63, 138.64, 138.272.
7 Currently, there are 10 clinics operating in Qazvin, Yazd, Alborz, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Isfahan, Gilan, Fars and Lorestan provinces.
8 Recommendations: 138.250, 138.252, 138.261, 138.270, 138.271, 138.273, 138.274, 138.111, 138.118.
9 The population of the country's students in the academic year of 2018-2019 is 14,017,160, of which 48.35% are girls.
10 From the academic year 2012–2013 to 2018–2019, a number of 156,184 drop-out students have been recognized and to the educational system. In the nomadic areas, 17,167 deprived-of-study students have been identified whose rate of attraction has increase from 38% in 2014, to 53% in 2018.
11 Pre-school coverage has risen from 56.6% in the academic year 2015–2016 to 70.1% in the academic year 2017–2018. This coverage has increased from 45.8% to 50% in rural areas.
12 According to the approval of the Cabinet of Ministers and the Executive Instruction of the Ministry of Education, a number of 10,263 of qualified children, who did not have identity documents, benefitted from the law and were enrolled in the school year of 2018–2019, 4,989 students of whom were girls.
13 In addition to free education, they enjoy educational, counseling and rehabilitation services for students with disabilities.
14 On the basis of the Memorandum of Cooperation with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the Norwegian Immigration Council and the Relief Organization, the Literacy Movement Organization has identified and enrolled 26,616 foreign nationals and immigrants.
15 For volunteers in less-developed areas, quotas have been set up for the purpose of educational justice, and in order to assist volunteers with disabilities, facilities are considered during the exam and they benefit from the quota of less-developed areas.
16 Recommendations: 138.250, 138.252, 138.253, 138.261, 138.264, 138.265, 138.266, 138.267, 138.268, 138.269, 138.270, 138.135.
17 Reducing the mortality rate for children under one year of age from 13 deaths in a thousand live births in 2016 to 12.47 in 2017.
18 According to the national document on nutrition and food security in all medical universities of the country.
19 Thourgh implementing the “Irapen” (the program of basic interventions against non-communicable diseases) program and self-care approach.
20 The rural family physician scheme covers rural and nomadic areas with a population of less than 20,000. It covers 28 million people in rural areas and 580 thousand people in nomadic areas. About 22 million of them hold health insurance cards.
21 Paragraph 18, Article 4, of the Family Protection Act (approved in 2012). According to this law, a special branch has been established to address the issue of bisexuals.
22 Under the law, the Social Insurance Fund for Farmers, Villagers and Nomads is active and two thirds of the premiums paid by villagers, nomads and farmers is paid by the Government.
23 Recommendation: 138.262.
24 The Housing Foundation, the Mostaz’afan Foundation and the philanthropist active in building houses have constructed a total of 70,112 residential units or have helped with their purchase. Also, a total of 2,201,488 of Mehr residential units, including 439,400 rural units, were constructed and delivered to applicants.
25 Recommendation: 138.263.
26 Recommendations: 138.93, 138.108, 138.252, 138.253, 138.275, 138.276, 138.277, 138.278, 138.279, 138.280.
27 Revision and amendment of the law passed in 2004.
28 Promotion of the level of the culture of the society on the phenomenon of the elderly, empowerment of the elderly, preserving and promoting the physical, mental and social health of the elderly, promoting social assets and social protections, developing the infrastructure needed for the elderly and for the financial security of the system on protecting elderly, are the six main objectives of this document. The Secretariat of the National Council for the Elderly of the Country is responsible for coordinating the appropriate implementation of the objectives and policies of the document.
29 The organization has also paid for the kindergarten tuition fee of children with disabilities from low-income families.
30 Drafting and notification of the checklist of the requirements for peripherals and public buildings, to municipalities, throughout the country for inclusion in the licensing process and on the time of issuing the completion-of-construction document; Continuous assessment of the progress of the
implementation of adaptation in the buildings of the executive departments, on an annual basis, and the allocation of advantages in the realization of the relevant programs; Holding of more than 150 training courses on the rules and requirements for adaptation of peripherals and public buildings.
31 The IRIB has produced 3,542 hours of social awareness programs from 2015 to 2017. In 2018, 52%
of the programs were allocated for children with disabilities.
32 Adopted in 2011 and revised in 2018.
33 As for higher education, in accordance with Article 9 of the Act on protection for persons with disabilities, the qualified disadvantaged people with disabilities, at different ages, can enjoy free higher education on the introduction of SWO. By the end of the school year 2017–2018, the number of students with disabilities in universities and higher education centers was 15,475, of which 1,499 were studying in governmental universities.
34 Including credit enhancement for rehabilitation of students with learning disorders and launching of 50 new centers for learning disorders, in the educational regions of the country, to counter the slow learning phenomenon of students, promotion of credits for improving the education and rehabilitation of students with comprehensive developmental disorders (suffering from autism) and provision of para-clinical, hospital, continuous medicine, dentistry, and interventional rehabilitation services instruments.
35 Article 52 of the law on the standing orders on development of the country, the Articles 78, 80 and 82 of the Law on the Sixth Development Plan, and Articles 10, 11, 12, 13 and 15 of the Act on
Protection of Rights of the disabled, adopted in 2017 have made stipulations for basic protections for the employment of people with disabilities; and provisions of Articles 27 and 28 of this law have provided for administrative and employment supports.
36 The most important activities of the Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs toward creation of sustainable employment opportunities include support for employment (47,084 people), self-employment assistance (28,901 people), job and professional empowerment (5,611 people) as well as financial and credit support
37 Recommendations: 138.250, 138.254, 138.255, 138.256, 138.257, 138.258, 138.259, 138.260.
38 Based on the Act on the Sixth Development Plan, the Government is required to promote economic development and job creation, annually, in five thousand villages, considering local potentials, securing 30% of the villages at risk, developing infrastructure of electronic services, preparing employment for one hundred thousand people, annually, empowering the people under the coverage of SWO and the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, granting 1% of the import and export customs income of free-trade zones for poverty alleviation of indigenous people.
39 Also, provision of technical and vocational education to 1,034,988 people / training course and job search for more than 70 thousand people.
40 Investments in more than 40 thousand economic and infrastructure projects; construction of 1,550 schools, 1,200 cultural centers and 30 thousand residential units; commissioning of 1,110 water supply and electricity supply projects; construction of 11 hospitals and 159 comprehensive health and treatment centers; provision of medicine for 70 thousand cancer patients; granting of no-interest loans to 80 thousand people, issuance of one million insurance contracts in deprived regions and villages;
treatment of 10 thousand infertile couples in rural areas since the establishment (2007) until now.
41 Recommendations: 138.88, 138.94, 138.249, 138.250, 138.251.
42 Articles 2 (Para. e), 80, 82, and 103 of the Sixth Development Plan Law, Articles 10 and 12 of the Act on Comprehensive Protection of Persons with Disabilities, Article 52 of the Law on Standing Orders of Development.
43 The share of employment has been in the three major sectors, including 32% in the industrial sector, 17.7% in the agricultural sector and 53.3% in the service sector.
44 By the central bank (equivalent to 28 trillion Riyals) and other operating banks (equivalent to 13,207 billion Rials).
45 Since 2011, the payment of support facilities to women's employment plans has had an increasing trend. About 30% of the Government's funding resources have been allocated to the plans initiated by women.
46 Also offering of technical and vocational trainings by NGOs and free institutes for 2,559,244 people.
47 Implementation of 10 projects and follow up for the implementation of 10 projects from 2015 to the first half of 2018 in 14 provinces of the country.
48 Recommendations: 138.87, 138.93, 138.97, 138.98, 138.99, 138.101, 138.103, 138.104, 138.107, 138.108, 138.109, 138.110, 138.187, 138.194, 138.198, 138.199, 138.217, 138.240, 138.241, 138.242, 138.243, 138.244, 138.246, 138.247, 138.248, 138.252, 138.91, 138.92, 138.95, 138.100, 138.102, 138.106, 138.111, 138.112, 138.190, 138.192, 138.193, 138.195, 138.196.
49 According to the bill, the offspring of Iranian women who are married to foreign men may be granted Iranian citizenship at the request of their Iranian mother, before the age of 18.
50 Between 2015 and the first 9 months of 2108, women's share of total public and nongovernmental education, with the motivation of women's empowerment in employment, was more than 32%, in the governmental sector, and more than 73% in the nongovernmental sector.
51 The training of entrepreneurship skills and home-based jobs for women, from 2015 to the first 6 months of 2018, was 25,999 and 271,150 person-course, respectively.
52 As for the women's presence in the structure of power and political participation of the Islamic Republic of Iran, one could make reference to the appointment of women as the Cabinet Ministers, the Deputy-President, member of the Parliament, judges, the governors and the mayor and the county governors, the Deputy-Ministers for women's affairs, the director generals of the women's affairs of the provincial governors, as well as managers, director-generals and deputies of Ministries and government departments. There are more than 10 specialized decision-making and strategic organizations operating in the field of women.
53 Including the development of a roadmap for the prevention of violence; managing and leading provincial potentials through the establishment of a comprehensive plan for prevention of violence in provinces and further notification to all related departments by the Prevention Council; holding more than 80 workshops, specialized designed for judges in the field of children and women, social workers, law enforcement officials, judicial staff, NGOs and religious organizations and institutions, launching of the comprehensive bank of crime prevention watchdogs of the Judiciary with a prospect of 1,500,000 members throughout the country and organizing 51,026 of male prevention watchdogs, and 10,692 female prevention watchdogs as well as drafting educational booklets.
54 Recommendations: 138.45, 138.87, 138.93, 138.99, 138.108, 138.110, 138.194, 138.217, 138.252, 138.156.
55 Article 1173 of the Civil Code, Article 2 of the Law on Protection of Children and Juveniles, adopted in 2002, and Article 25 of the Law on Protection of Children and Juveniles with no or bad guardian,
adopted in 2013.
56 Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code.
57 Recommendation: 138.48.
58 Article 94 of the Law of the Sixth Program obliges the Government to allocate a percentage of the value added tax for the development of sports in schools, public sports, international federations, Zurkhaneh (traditional) sports and wrestling, rural, nomads and women sports, and creation of sports facilities for persons with disabilities.
59 Recommendations: 138.20, 138.281, 138.285, 138.6, 138.7, 138.8, 138.113, 138.286.
60 In each academic year, more than 2 trillion Rials are spent for refugees and asylum seeker students by the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. There are also 16,500 foreign national students studying in higher education institutions.
61 Based on paragraph (b) of Article 70 of the Sixth Development Plan Law.
62 For example, the Daheshpour Charity Foundation focuses on cancer patients, their medicine costs, and their treatment and also on establishment of social work units. The Foundation has also contributed to the cost of education for Afghan citizens suffering from cancer.
63 Recommendations: 138.50, 138.53, 138.219, 138.220, 138.221, 138.114, 138.111, 138.113, 138.117, 138.118, 138.119, 138.122, 138.127, 138.131, 138.282, 138.284.
64 D'après les résultats du dernier recensement général de la population et du logement de 2016, on dénombre 79 926 270 Iraniens, dont 79 598 054 musulmans (99,39 %), 23 109 zoroastriens, 130 158 chrétiens et 9 826 juifs.
65 The per-capita religious spaces of religious minorities is almost double that of Muslims. Christians have more than 250 churches throughout the country, and there is a church for every population of almost less than 500 people. Also, the Jews possess 16 synagogues and the Zoroastrians have 78 worship places.
66 Since 2013, an amount of 115 billion Rials have been allocated to provide services and facilities to minorities. In 2016, the municipality of Tehran built a sports center for Armenians, with a budget of 22 billion Rials (equivalent to 628 thousand dollars).
67 There is one association for every 2,600 minority people. Since 2015, 53 permits have been issued and extended for religious minority associations. Religious minorities, in Iran, have over 80 NGOs in various fields as well as research centers on religious sciences.
68 Alik newspaper, Peyman quarterly and Araks monthly, Ararat, Apaga Ayandeh, Lewis Noor monthly, and Hovis Two-Weekly, in Armenian and Persian languages; John's Center Publications, belonging to the Catholic Church of the Chaldaeans; Payame Ashourian monthly; Zoroastrian publications: 1 Mordad weekly, Pars Emrouz monthly, Forouuhar Monthly, Chista, Rasti print house, etc
69 Such as the Bachelors degree in Armenian language and literature in Isfahan University and Islamic Azad University.
70 In accordance with Note 1 of Article 1 of the Law on the Goals and Duties of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry is required to arrange, in areas where other Islamic denominations are based, for religious teaching of students of the denominations in accordance with their school of thought.
71 Enjoying the rights of citizenship; carrying out sectarian activities such as performing rituals every 19 days; holding sectarian educational classes for the children, juvenile and the youngsters of the sect;
preparation and distributing Baha’i publications and pamphlets among sect members; registration of marriage in the identifications (Shenasnameh) of the Baha’i couples; education in schools and universities in Iran; enjoying public insurance; obtaining business licenses; buying, selling and owning movable and immovable property freely; obtaining licenses to establish companied and construction permits; access to bank facilities, etc.
72 Recommendations: 138.66, 138.224, 138.235, 138.236, 138.239, 138.193, 138.226, 138.229, 138.231, 138.234, 138.237.
73 Including newspapers, weekly journals, monthlies, quarterlies, news bases and so on.
74 Organizations and institutions are required to provide the demanded information through this system, within a maximum of 10 days.
75 Style sheet for publication and open access to the information of private institutions providing public services; style sheet to publication and open access to non-governmental organizations; style sheet and open access to information NGOs and style sheet for settlement of disputes on the procedure of providing information (with the purpose of handling the complaints and objections of information applicants).
76 Recommendations: 138.27, 138.206, 138.213, 138.204, 138.205, 138.208, 138.209, 138.210, 138.211, 138.212, 138.226, 138.234, 138.186, 138.184, 138.185, 138.183, 138.207, 138.216.
77 Speedy handling of cases and disputes, especially through peace and reconciliation, with the participation of popular forces is amongst the important features of the dispute resolution councils.
According to the above law, religious minorities may have their own special dispute settlement councils. Therefore, branches have been allocated in regions of the country where religious minorities live with a significant percentage of the population. Also, since 2014, specialized branches are
established for prisons, which have helped with settlement and termination of cases through peace and reconciliation.
78 Independence of the Judiciary has been recognized in accordance with Article 156 of the Constitution, and judges are independent in accordance with Principles 164 and 166 of the Constitution.
79 Under the pardon system, which is one of the most important legal institutions in the laws of the country, 1,755 people have been pardoned from the sentence of deprivation of life, from 2015 to the
79 Under the pardon system, which is one of the most important legal institutions in the laws of the country, 1,755 people have been pardoned from the sentence of deprivation of life, from 2015 to the